An Overview of Zeolite, Zeotype and Mesoporous Solids Chemistry: Design, Synthesis and Catalytic Properties / Thomas Maschmeyer ; Leon van de Water1:
Zeolites, zeotypes and mesoporous solids: synthetic aspects / 1.1:
Introduction / 1.1.1:
Synthetic aspects: template theory for zeolite synthesis / 1.1.2:
Synthetic aspects: template theory for mesoporous oxides synthesis / 1.1.3:
Design of extra-large pore zeolites and other micro- and mesoporous catalysts / 1.2:
Extra-large pore zeolites / 1.2.1:
Hierarchical pore architectures: combining micro- and mesoporosity / 1.2.3:
Potential of post-synthesis functionalized micro- and mesoporous solids as catalysts for fine chemical synthesis / 1.3:
Covalent functionalization / 1.3.1:
Noncovalent immobilization approaches / 1.3.3:
Single-site catalysts inspired by natural systems / 1.3.4:
References
Problems and Pitfalls in the Applications of Zeolites and other Microporous and Mesoporous Solids to Catalytic Fine Chemical Synthesis / Michel Guisnet ; Matteo Guidotti2:
Zeolite catalysed organic reactions / 2.1:
Fundamental and practical differences with homogeneous reactions / 2.2.1:
Batch mode catalysis / 2.2.2:
Continuous flow mode catalysis / 2.2.3:
Competition for adsorption: influence on reaction rate, stability and selectivity / 2.2.4:
Catalyst deactivation / 2.2.5:
General conclusions / 2.3:
Aromatic Acetylation / 3:
Aromatic acetylation / 3.1:
Acetylation with Acetic Anhydride / 3.1.1:
Acetylation with Acetic Acid / 3.1.2:
Procedures and protocols / 3.2:
Selective synthesis of acetophenones in batch reactors through acetylation with acetic anhydride / 3.2.1:
Selective synthesis of acetophenones in fixed bed reactors through acetylation with acetic anhydride / 3.2.2:
Aromatic Benzoylation / Patrick Geneste ; Annie Finiels4:
Aromatic benzoylation / 4.1:
Effect of the zeolite / 4.1.1:
Effect of the acylating agent / 4.1.2:
Effect of the solvent / 4.1.3:
Benzoylation of phenol and the Fries rearrangement / 4.1.4:
Kinetic law / 4.1.5:
Substituent effect / 4.1.6:
Experimental / 4.1.7:
Acylation of anisole over mesoporous aluminosilicates / 4.2:
Nitration of Aromatic Compounds / Avelino Corma ; Sara Iborra5:
Reaction mechanism / 5.1:
Nitration of aromatic compounds using zeolites as catalysts / 5.3:
Nitration in liquid phase / 5.3.1:
Vapour phase nitration / 5.3.2:
Conclusions / 5.4:
Oligomerization of Alkenes / 6:
Reaction mechanisms / 6.1:
Acid zeolites as catalysts for oligomerization of alkenes / 6.3:
Medium pore zeolites: influence of crystal size and acid site density / 6.3.1:
Use of large pore zeolites / 6.3.2:
Catalytic membranes for olefin oligomerization / 6.3.3:
Mesoporous alominosilicates as oligomerization catalysts / 6.4:
Nickel supported aluminosilicates as catalysts / 6.5:
Microporous and Mesoporous Catalysts for the Transformation of Carbohydrates / Claude Moreau7:
Hydrolysis of sucrose in the presence of H-form zeolites / 7.1:
Hydrolysis of fructose and glucose precursors / 7.3:
Isomerization of glucose into fructose / 7.4:
Dehydration of fructose and fructose-precursors / 7.5:
Dehydration of xylose / 7.6:
Synthesis of alkyl-D-glucosides / 7.7:
Synthesis of butyl-D-glucosides / 7.7.1:
Synthesis of long-chain alkyl-D-glucosides / 7.7.2:
Synthesis of alkyl-D-fructosides / 7.8:
Hydrogenation of glucose / 7.9:
Oxidation of glucose / 7.10:
One-pot Reactions on Bifunctional Catalysts / 7.11:
Examples / 8.1:
One-pot transformations involving successive hydrogenation and acid-base steps / 8.2.1:
One-pot transformations involving successive oxidation and acid-base steps / 8.2.2:
Base-type Catalysts / Didier Tichit ; Daniel Brunel9:
Characterization of solid bases / 9.1:
Test reactions / 9.2.1:
Probe molecules combined with spectroscopic methods / 9.2.2:
Solid base catalysts / 9.3:
Alkaline earth metal oxides / 9.3.1:
Catalysis on alkaline earth metal oxides / 9.3.2:
Hydrotalcites and related compounds / 9.3.3:
Organic base-supported catalysts / 9.3.4:
Hybrid Oxidation Catalysts from Immobilized Complexes on Inorganic Microporous Supports / Dirk De Vos ; Ive Hermans ; Ben Sels ; Pierre Jacobs9.4:
Introduction and scope / 10.1:
Oxygenation potential of heme-type complexes in zeolite / 10.2:
Metallo-phthallocyanines encapsulated in the cages of faujasite-type zeolites / 10.2.1:
Oxygenation potential of metallo-phthallocyanines encapsulated in the mesopores of VPI-5 AIPO[subscript 4] / 10.2.2:
Oxygenation potential of zeolite encapsulated metallo-porphyrins / 10.2.3:
Oxygenation potential of zeolite encapsulated nonheme complexes / 10.3:
Immobilization of N,N[prime]-bidentate complexes in zeolite Y / 10.3.1:
Ligation of zeolite exchanged transition ions with bidentate aza ligands / 10.3.2:
Ligation of zeolite exchanged transition ions with tri- and tetra-aza(cyclo)alkane ligands / 10.3.3:
Ligation of zeolite exchanged transition ions with Schiff base-type ligands / 10.3.4:
Zeolite effects with N,N[prime]-bis(2-pyridinecarboxamide) complexes of Mn and Fe in zeolite Y / 10.3.5:
Catalytic hydrogenation of ketones and imines / 1.3.1:
Asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) catalysts / 1.3.2:
Modified borane reagents / 1.3.3:
Biocatalysts (alcohol dehydrogenases and ketoreductases) / 1.3.4:
Oxidation / 1.4:
Sharpless chiral epoxidation of allyl alcohols / 1.4.1:
Dioxirane catalyzed epoxidation / 1.4.2:
Amines and iminium salts / 1.4.3:
Phase transfer catalysts / 1.4.4:
The Julia-Colonna method (polyleucine oxidation) / 1.4.5:
Organocatalytic [alpha]-hydroxylation of ketones / 1.4.6:
Baeyer-Villiger oxidation / 1.4.7:
Chiral sulfoxides / 1.4.8:
References
Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Alkenes, Enones, Ene-Esters and Ene-Acids / 2:
(S)-2,2[prime]-Bis{[di(4-methoxyphenyl)phosphinyl]oxy}-5,5[prime],6,6[prime],7,7[prime],8,8[prime]-octahydro-1,1[prime]-binaphthyl as a ligand for rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation / Ildiko Gergely ; Csaba Hegedus ; Jozsef Bakos2.1:
Synthesis of (S)-5,5[prime],6,6[prime],7,7[prime],8,8[prime]-Octahydro-1,1[prime]-bi-2-naphthol / 2.1.1:
Synthesis of (S)-2,2[prime]-Bis{[di(4-methoxyphenyl)phosphinyl]oxy}-5,5[prime],6,6[prime],7,7[prime],8,8[prime]-octahydro-1,1[prime]-binaphthyl / 2.1.2:
Asymmetric hydrogenation of Dimethyl itaconate / 2.1.3:
Conclusion
Synthesis and application of phosphinite oxazoline iridium complexes for the asymmetric hydrogenation of alkenes / Frederik Menges ; Andreas Pfaltz2.2:
Synthesis of (4S,5S)-2-(5-Methyl-2-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazol-4-yl)-1,3-diphenyl-propan-2-ol / 2.2.1:
Synthesis of (4S,5S)-O-[1-Benzyl-1-(5-methyl-2-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazol-4-yl)-2-phenyl-ethyl]-diphenylphosphinite / 2.2.2:
Synthesis of (4S,5S)-[([eta superscript 4]-1,5-Cyclooctadiene)-{2-(2-phenyl-5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazol-4-yl)-1,3-diphenyl-2-diphenylphosphinite-propane}iridium(I)]-tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate / 2.2.3:
Asymmetric hydrogenation of trans-[alpha]-Methylstilbene / 2.2.4:
Synthesis and application of heterocyclic phosphine oxazoline (HetPHOX) iridium complexes for the asymmetric hydrogenation of alkenes / Pier Giorgio Cozzi2.3:
Synthesis of (4S)-tert-Butyl-2-(thiophene-2-yl)-4,5-dihydrooxazole / 2.3.1:
Synthesis of (4S)-tert-Butyl-2-(3-diphenylphosphino-thiophene-2-yl)-4,5-dihydrooxazole / 2.3.2:
Synthesis of (4S)-[([eta superscript 4]-1,5-Cyclooctadiene)-{4-tert-butyl-2-(3-diphenylphosphino-thiophene-2-yl)-4,5-dihydrooxazole}iridium(I)]-tetrakis [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate / 2.3.3:
(R)-2,2[prime],6,6[prime]-Tetramethoxy-bis[di(3,5-dimethylphenyl)phosphino]-3,3[prime]-bipyridine [(R)-Xyl-P-Phos] as a ligand for rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of [alpha]-dehydroamino acids / Jing Wu ; Albert S.C. Chan2.3.4:
Synthesis of 3-Bromo-2,6-dimethoxypyridine / 2.4.1:
Synthesis of Bis(3,5-dimethylphenyl)phosphine chloride / 2.4.2:
Synthesis of 3-Bromo-2,6-dimethoxy-4-di(3,5-dimethylphenyl)phosphinopyridine / 2.4.3:
Preparation of the stock solution of [Rh(R-Xyl-P-Phos)(COD)]BF[subscript 4] / 2.4.8:
A typical procedure for the asymmetric hydrogenation of methyl (Z)-2-Acetamidocinnamate / 2.4.9:
(R,R)-2,3-Bis(tert-butylmethylphosphino)quinoxaline (QuinoXP) as a ligand for rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of prochiral amino acid and amine derivatives / Tsuneo Imamoto ; Aya Koide2.5:
Synthesis of (R)-tert-Butyl(hydroxymethyl)methylphosphine-borane / 2.5.1:
Synthesis of (R)-Benzoyloxy(tert-butyl)methylphosphine-borane / 2.5.2:
Synthesis of (S)-tert-Butylmethylphosphine-borane / 2.5.3:
Synthesis of (R)-2-[(S)-1-(Dimethylamino)ethyl]-1-iodoferrocene / 2.6.1:
Synthesis of (R)-2-[(S)-1-(Diphenylphosphinyl)ethyl]-1-iodoferrocene / 2.6.2:
Synthesis of (R,R)-2,2[prime]-Bis[(S)-1-(diphenylphosphinyl)ethyl]-1,1[Prime]-biferrocene / 2.6.3:
Synthesis of (R,R)-2,2[Prime]-Bis[(S)-1-(diphenylphosphino)ethyl]-1,1[Prime]-biferrocene [abbreviated to (S,S)-(R,R)-PhTRAP] / 2.6.4:
Catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation of N-Acetyl-2-butylindole / 2.6.5:
Catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation of 3-Methyl-N-(p-toluenesulfonyl)indole / 2.6.6:
Asymmetric Reduction of Ketones / 3:
(R,R)-Bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,3-diphenylpropane as a versatile ligand for enantioselective hydrogenations / Natalia Dubrovina ; Armin Borner3.1:
Synthesis of (S,S)-1,3-Diphenylpropane-1,3-diol / 3.1.1:
Synthesis of (S,S)-Methanesulfonyloxy-1,3-diphenylpropane-1,3-diol / 3.1.2:
Synthesis of (R,R)-Bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,3-diphenylpropane / 3.1.3:
Synthesis of both enantiomers of 1-Phenylethanol by reduction of acetophenone with Geotrichum candidum IFO 5767 / Kaoru Nakamura ; Mikio Fujii ; Yoshiteru Ida3.2:
Cultivation of G. candidum IFO 5767 / 3.2.1:
Synthesis of (S)-1-Phenylethanol / 3.2.2:
Synthesis of (R)-1-Phenylethanol / 3.2.3:
Titanocene-catalyzed reduction of ketones in the presence of water. A convenient procedure for the synthesis of alcohols via free-radical chemistry / Antonio Rosales ; Juan M. Cuerva ; J. Enrique Oltra3.3:
Titanocene-catalyzed reduction of Acetophenone in the presence of water / 3.3.1:
Titanocene-catalyzed synthesis of Methyl 4-deuterio-4-phenyl-4-hydroxybutanoate / 3.3.2:
Xyl-tetraPHEMP: a highly efficient biaryl ligand in the [diphosphine RuCl[subscript 2] diamine]-catalyzed hydrogenation of simple aromatic ketones / Paul H. Moran ; Julian P. Henschke ; Antonio Zanotti-Gerosa ; Ian C. Lennon3.4:
Synthesis of Tri(3,5-dimethylphenyl)phosphine oxide / 3.4.1:
Synthesis of Bis(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-(2-iodo-3,5-dimethylphenyl)phosphine oxide / 3.4.2:
Synthesis of rac-4,4[prime],6,6[prime]-Tetramethyl-2,2[prime]-bis[bis(3,5-dimethylphenyl)phosphinoyl]-biphenyl / 3.4.3:
Synthesis of rac-4,4[prime],6,6[prime]-Tetramethyl-2,2[prime]-bis[bis(3,5-dimethylphenyl)phosphino]-biphenyl [abbreviated to (rac)-Xyl-tetraPHEMP] / 3.4.4:
Synthesis of [(R)-N,N-Dimethyl(1-methyl)benzylaminato-C[superscript 2],N]-{rac-4,4[prime],6,6[prime]-tetramethyl-2,2[prime]-bis[bis(3,5-dimethylphenyl)phosphino]-biphenyl}-palladium(II) tetrafluoroborate and separation of the diastereomers / 3.4.5:
Synthesis of (S)-4,4[prime],6,6[prime]-Tetramethyl-2,2[prime]-bis[bis(3,5-dimethylphenyl)phosphino]-biphenyl: [abbreviated to (S)-Xyl-tetraPHEMP) and (R)-4,4[prime],6,6[prime]-Tetramethyl-2,2[prime]-bis[bis(3,5-dimethylphenyl)phosphino]-biphenyl [abbreviated to (R)-Xyl-tetraPHEMP] / 3.4.6:
Synthesis of [(R)-Xyl-tetraPHEMP RuCl[subscript 2] (R,R)-DPEN] and [(S)-Xyl-tetraPHEMP RuCl[subscript 2] (S,S)-DPEN] / 3.4.7:
Reduction of Acetophenone using [(S)-Xyl-tetraPHEMP RuCl[subscript 2] (S,S)-DPEN] as a precatalyst / 3.4.8:
N-Arenesulfonyl- and N-Alkylsulfamoyl-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine ligands for ruthenium-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of activated ketones / Michel (Massoud S.) Stephan ; Barbara Mohar3.5:
Synthesis of N-Arenesulfonyl-1,2-diphenylethylenediamines / 3.5.1:
Preparation of Ru(II)-N-arenesulfonyl-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine complexes / 3.5.2:
Asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of Ethyl benzoylacetate / 3.5.3:
The synthesis and application of BrXuPHOS: a novel monodentate phosphorus ligand for the asymmetric hydrogenation of ketones / Martin Wills ; Yingjian Xu ; Garden Docherty ; Gary Woodward3.6:
Synthesis of (S)-BrXuPHOS / 3.6.1:
Synthesis of (S,S,SS)-BrXuPHOS-Ru-DPEN / 3.6.2:
General procedure of asymmetric hydrogenation of acetophenone / 3.6.3:
Acknowledgement
In Situ formation of ligand and catalyst: application in ruthenium-catalyzed enantioselective reduction of ketones / Jenny Wettergren ; Hans Adolfsson3.7:
Synthesis of (S)-3-Fluoro-1-phenylethanol / 3.7.1:
Synphos and Difluorphos as ligands for ruthenium-catalyzed hydrogenation of alkenes and ketones / Severine Jeulin ; Virginie Ratovelomanana-Vidal ; Jean-Pierre Genet3.8:
Synthesis of [RuCl((S)-SYNPHOS)(p-cymene)]Cl / 3.8.1:
Synthesis of [RuCl((S)-DIFLUORPHOS)(p-cymene)]Cl / 3.8.2:
Synthesis of [RuI((S)-DIFLUORPHOS)(p-cymene)]I / 3.8.3:
Synthesis of [NH[subscript 2]R[subscript 2]] [(RuCl(PP))[subscript 2]([Mu]-Cl)[subscript 3]] PP = SYNPHOS or DIFLUORPHOS and R = Me or Et / 3.8.4:
Synthesis of [NH[subscript 2]Me[subscript 2]][RuCl-(S)-DIFLUORPHOS][subscript 2][[Mu]-Cl][subscript 3] / 3.8.5:
Synthesis of in situ generated [RuBr[subscript 2]((S)-SYNPHOS)] and [RuBr[subscript 2]((S)-DIFLUORPHOS)] / 3.8.6:
An arene ruthenium complex with polymerizable side chains for the synthesis of immobilized catalysts / Estelle Burri ; Silke B. Wendicke ; Kay Severin3.9:
Synthesis of 2-Methyl-cyclohexa-2,5-dienecarboxylic acid 2-(2-methyl-acryloyloxy)-ethyl ester / 3.9.1:
Selective reduction of carbonyl group in [beta], [gamma]-unsaturated [alpha]-alpha-ketoesters by transfer hydrogenation with Ru-(p-cymene) (TsDPEN) / Minjie Guo ; Dao Li ; Yanhui Sun ; Zhaoguo Zhang3.10:
Synthesis of Di-[Mu]-chloro-bis[chloro([eta superscript 6]-1-isopropyl-4-methyl-benzene)ruthenium(II) / 3.10.1:
Synthesis of ([plus or minus])-Monotosylate-1,2-diphenyl-1,2-ethylenediamine / 3.10.2:
Synthesis of Ru complex Ru(p-cymene)(TsDPEN) / 3.10.3:
Ru-TsDPEN catalyzed transfer hydrogenation reaction of [beta],[gamma]-unsaturated-[alpha]-ketoesters / 3.10.4:
Preparation of polymer-supported Ru-TsDPEN catalysts and their use for the enantioselective synthesis of (S)-fluoxetine / Liting Chai ; Yangzhou Li ; Quanrui Wang3.11:
Synthesis of the supported ligand 9 / 3.11.1:
Synthesis of ligand 17 / 3.11.2:
General procedure for asymmetric transfer hydrogenation / 3.11.3:
Preparation of (S)-Fluoxetine hydrochloride / 3.11.4:
Polymer-supported chiral sulfonamide-catalyzed reduction of [beta]-keto nitriles: a practical synthesis of (R)-Fluoxetine / Guang-yin Wang ; Gang Zhao3.12:
Synthesis of (R)-3-Amino-1-phenyl-propan-1-ol / 3.12.1:
Synthesis of (R)-ethyl 3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropylcarbamate / 3.12.2:
Synthesis of (R)-3-(Methylamino)-1-phenylpropan-1-ol / 3.12.3:
Synthesis of (R)-Fluoxetine / 3.12.4:
Imine Reduction and Reductive Amination / 4:
Metal-free reduction of imines: enantioselective Bronsted acid-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation using chiral BINOL-phosphates as catalysts / Magnus Rueping ; Erli Sugiono ; Cengiz Azap ; Thomas Theissmann4.1:
Synthesis of (R)-2,2[prime]-Bis-methoxymethoxy-[1,1[prime]] binaphthalene (MOM-BINOL) / 4.1.1:
Synthesis of (R)-3,3[prime]-Diiodo-2,2[prime]-bis(methoxymethoxy)-1,1[prime]-binaphthalene / 4.1.2:
Synthesis of 3,3[prime]-Bis-(3,5[prime]-bis-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2,2[prime]-bismethoxymethoxy [1,1[prime]-binaphthalene] / 4.1.3:
Synthesis of (R)-3,3[prime]-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,1[prime]-binaphthylphosphate / 4.1.4:
General procedure for the transfer hydrogenation of ketimines / 4.1.5:
Synthesis of [1-(2,4-Dimethyl-phenyl)-ethyl]-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-amine / 4.1.6:
Metal-free Bronsted acid-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation: enantioselective synthesis of tetrahydroquinolines / Andrey P. Antonchick4.2:
General procedure for the transfer hydrogenation of quinolines / 4.2.1:
Synthesis of 7-Chloro-4-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline / 4.2.2:
Synthesis of (S)-2-Phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline / 4.2.3:
Synthesis of (R)-2-(2-(Benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl)ethyl)-1,2.3,4-tetrahydro-quinoline / 4.2.4:
A highly stereoselective synthesis of 3[alpha]-Amino-23,24-bisnor-5[alpha]-cholane via reductive amination / Sharaf Nawaz Khan ; Nam Ju Cho ; Hong-Seok Kim4.3:
Synthesis of Tris[(2-ethylhexanoyl)oxy]borohydride / 4.3.1:
Synthesis of 3[alpha]-Acetamino-23,24-bisnor-5[alpha]-cholane / 4.3.2:
Synthesis of 3[alpha]-N-1-[N(3-[4-Aminobutyl])-1,3-diaminopropane]-23,24-bisnor-5[alpha]-cholane / 4.3.3:
Acknowledgements
Oxidation of Primary and Secondary Alcohols / 5:
Copper(Il) catalyzed oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes with atmospheric oxygen / Suribabu Jammi ; Tharmalingan Punniyamurthy5.1:
Synthesis of copper(II) complex 1 / 5.1.1:
Typical procedure for the oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes / 5.1.2:
Solvent-free dehydrogenation of secondary alcohols in the absence of hydrogen abstractors using Robinson's catalyst / G.B.W.L Ligthart ; R.H. Meijer ; J. v. Buijtenen ; J. Meuldijk ; J.A.J.M. Vekemans ; L.A. Hulshof5.2:
Dehydrogenation of 2-Octanol using Ru(OCOCF[subscript 3])[subscript 2](CO)(PPh[subscript 3])[subscript 2] as a catalyst / 5.2.1:
2-Iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX)/n-Bu[subscript 4]NBr/CH[subscript 2]Cl[subscript 2]-H[subscript 2]O: a mild system for the selective oxidation of secondary alcohols / Krisada Kittigowittana ; Manat Pohmakotr ; Vichai Reutrakul ; Chutima Kuhakarn5.3:
Synthesis of 1-Hydroxy-5-decanone / 5.3.1:
Hydroxylation, Epoxidation and Related Reactions / 6:
Proline-catalyzed [alpha]-aminoxylation of aldehydes and ketones / Yujiro Hayashi ; Mitsuru Shoji6.1:
Synthesis of (R)-2-Anilinoxypropanol / 6.1.1:
Synthesis of (R)-7-Anilinoxy-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-one / 6.1.2:
Ru/Silia Cat TEMPO-mediated oxidation of alkenes to [alpha]-hydroxyacids / Rosaria Ciriminna ; Mario Pagliaro6.2:
Synthesis of Silia Cat TEMPO / 6.2.1:
Synthesis of 2-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1,2-propanediol / 6.2.2:
Synthesis of 2-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1,2-hydroxypropanoic acid / 6.2.3:
Catalytic enantioselective epoxidation of trans-disubstituted and trisubstituted alkenes with arabinose-derived ulose / Tony K. M. Shing ; Gulice Y.C. Leung ; To Luk6.3:
Synthesis of 2[prime],3[prime]-Diisobutyl acetal / 6.3.1:
Synthesis of ulose / 6.3.2:
Asymmetric epoxidation of trans-[alpha]-Methylstilbene using ulose as catalyst at 0 [degree]C / 6.3.3:
VO(acac)[subscript 2]/TBHP catalyzed epoxidation of 2-(2-Alkenyl)phenols. highly regio- and diastereoselective oxidative cyclisation to 2,3-Dihydrobenzofuranols and 3-Chromanols / Alessandra Lattanzi ; Arrigo Scettri6.4:
VO(acac)[subscript 2]/TBHP catalyzed epoxidation of 2-(3,7-Dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-phenol / 6.4.1:
VO(acac)[subscript 2]/TBHP/TFA catalyzed oxidative cyclization of 2-(3,7-Dimethyl-octa-2,6-dienyl)-phenol / 6.4.2:
An Oxalolidinone ketone catalyst for the asymmetric epoxidation of cis-olefins / David Goeddel ; Yian Shi6.5:
Amadori rearrangement to give 1-Dibenzylamino-1-deoxy-D-fructose / 6.5.1:
Acetal protection of 1-Dibenzylamino-1-deoxy-D-fructose / 6.5.2:
Hydrogenation of the Dibenzylamine / 6.5.3:
Phosgene cyclization of aminoalcohol / 6.5.4:
Alcohol oxidation / 6.5.5:
Synthesis of ketone 2 / 6.5.6:
Asymmetric epoxidation of cis-[beta]-Methylstyrene / 6.5.7:
[alpha]-Fluorotropinone immobilised on silica: a new stereoselective heterogeneous catalyst for epoxidation of alkenes with oxone / Giovanni Sartori ; Alan Armstrong ; Raimondo Maggi ; Alessandro Mazzacani ; Raffaella Sartorio ; France Bigi ; Belen Dominguez-Fernandez6.6:
Synthesis of silica KG-60-supported enantiomerically enriched [alpha]-Fluorotropinone / 6.6.1:
Synthesis of enantiomerically enriched epoxides / 6.6.2:
Asymmetric epoxidation catalyzed by novel azacrown ether-type chiral quaternary ammonium salts under phase-transfer catalytic conditions / Kazushige Hori ; Keita Tani ; Yasuo Tohda6.7:
Synthesis of precursor of the azacrown ether / 6.7.1:
Synthesis of the azacrown ether / 6.7.2:
Synthesis of the azacrown ether-type quaternary ammonium salt / 6.7.3:
Asymmetric epoxidation of (E)-Chalcone catalyzed by the azacrown ether-type quaternary ammonium salt as chiral PTC / 6.7.4:
Enantioselective epoxidation of olefins using phase transfer conditions and a chiral [azepinium][TRISPHAT] salt as catalyst / Jerome Vachon ; Celine Perollier ; Alexandre Martinez ; Jerome Lacour6.8:
Enantioselective epoxidation of 1-Phenyl-3,4-dihydronaphthalene / 6.8.1:
Catalytic asymmetric epoxidation of [alpha],[beta]-unsaturated esters promoted by a Yttrium-biphenyldiol complex / Masakatsu Shibasaki ; Hiroyuki Kakei ; Shigeki Matsunaga6.9:
Synthesis of (aS,R)-6,6[prime]-[(Propylene)dioxy]biphenyl-2,2[prime]-diol / 6.9.1:
Synthesis of (aS,R)-2,2-[Oxybis(ethylene)dioxy]-6,6[prime]-[(propylene)dioxy]biphenyl / 6.9.2:
Synthesis of (S)-6,6[prime]-[Oxybis(ethylene)dioxy]biphenyl-2,2[prime]-diol / 6.9.3:
Enantiomeric enrichment of (S)-6,6[prime]-[Oxybis(ethylene)dioxy]biphenyl-2,2[prime]-diol / 6.9.4:
Catalytic asymmetric epoxidation of [alpha],[beta]-unsaturated esters / 6.9.5:
Catalytic enantioselective epoxidation of [alpha],[beta]-enones with a binol-zinc-complex / Ana Minatti ; Karl Heinz Dotz6.10:
Synthesis of (E)-(2S,3R)-Phenyl-(3-phenyloxiran-2-yl)methanone / 6.10.1:
Asymmetric epoxidation of Phenyl-2-(3[prime]-pyridylvinyl)sulfone using polyleucine hydrogen peroxide gel / Mike R. Pitts6.11:
Preparation of polyleucine-hydrogen peroxide gel / 6.11.1:
Synthesis of Phenyl-2-(3[prime]-pyridylvinyl) sulfone (2) / 6.11.2:
Oxidation of Ketones to Lactones or Enones / 7:
Synthesis of 2-(Phosphinophenyl)pyrindine ligand and its application to palladium-catalyzed asymmetric Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of prochiral cyclobutanones / Katsuji Ito ; Tsutomu Katsuki7.1:
Synthesis of (7R)-2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-7-isopropyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-1-pyrindine / 7.1.1:
Asymmetric Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of 3-Phenylcyclobutanone / 7.1.4:
(D)-Codeinone from (D)-Dihydrocodeinone via the use of modified o-iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX). A convenient oxidation of ketones to enones / Paul Mather7.2:
Synthesis of IBX / 7.2.1:
Synthesis of codeinone / 7.2.2:
Oxidative C-C Coupling / 8:
Enantioselective oxidative coupling of 2-Naphthols catalyzed by a novel chiral vanadium complex / Nan-Sheng Xie ; Quan-Zhong Liu ; Zhi-Bin Luo ; Liu-Zhu Gong ; Ai-Qiao Mi ; Yao-Zhong Jiang8.1:
Synthesis of 3,3-Diformyl-2,2[prime]-biphenol / 8.1.1:
Synthesis of chiral vanadium complexes / 8.1.2:
Catalytic oxidative coupling of 7-Alkoxy-1-naphthols by chiral vanadium complexes / 8.1.3:
Synthesis of Methyl 2,2[prime]-dihydroxy-1,1[prime]-binaphthalene-3-carboxylate / 8.2.1:
Oxidative coupling of benzenes with [alpha],[beta]-unsaturated aldehydes by Pd(OAc)[subscript 2]/ HPMoV/ O[subscript 2] system / Tomoyuki Yamada ; Satoshi Sakaguchi ; Yasutaka Ishii8.3:
Synthesis of Cinnamaldehyde / 8.3.1:
Oxidation of Sulfides and Sulfoxides / 9:
The first example of direct oxidation of sulfides to sulfones by an osmate-molecular oxygen system / Boyapati M. Choudary ; Chinta Reddy ; V. Reddy ; Billakanti V. Prakash ; Mannepalli L. Kantam ; B. Sreedhar9.1:
Synthesis of Methyl phenyl sulfone or Methylsulfonylbenzene / 9.1.2:
Selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides and sulfones using hydrogen peroxide in the presence of zirconium tetrachloride / Kiumar Bahrami9.2:
Oxidation of Benzyl 4-bromobenzyl sulfide to Benzyl 4-bromobenzyl sulfoxide using H[subscript 2]O[subscript 2] in the presence of zirconium tetrachloride / 9.2.1:
Oxidation of Benzyl 4-bromobenzyl sulfide to Benzyl 4-bromobenzyl sulfone using H[subscript 2]O[subscript 2] in the presence of zirconium tetrachloride / 9.2.2:
WO[subscript 3]-30 % H[subscript 2]O[subscript 2]-cinchona alkaloids: a new heterogeneous catalytic system for asymmetric oxidation and kinetic resolution of racemic sulfoxides / Vinay V. Thakur ; A. Sudalai9.3:
Synthesis of (R)-2-[[[3-Methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-pyridyl]methyl]sulfinyl]-1H-benzimadazole {(R)-(+)-Lansoprazole} / 9.3.1:
Synthesis of (R)-(+)-Phenyl benzyl sulfoxide / 9.3.2:
Benzyl-4,6-O-isopropylidene-[alpha]-(D)-glucopyranoside, 2-deoxy-2-[[(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)methylene]amino] as a ligand for vanadium-catalyzed asymmetric oxidation of sulfides / Raffaella Del Litto ; Guiseppina Roviello ; Francesco Ruffo9.4:
Synthesis of Benzyl-4,6-O-isopropylidene-[alpha]-D-glucopyranoside, 2-deoxy-2-[[(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)methylene]imine] / 9.4.1:
Oxidation of Thioanisole / 9.4.2:
Asymmetric sulfoxidation of aryl methyl sulfides with hydrogen peroxide in water / Alessando Scarso ; Giorgio Strukul9.5:
Synthesis of complex (R)-BINAP)PtCl[subscript 2] / 9.5.1:
Synthesis of complex [((R)-BINAP)Pt((OH)][subscript 2](BF[subscript 4])[subscript 2] / 9.5.2:
Stereoselective catalytic oxidation of aryl methyl sulfides / 9.5.3:
The Atomic Force Microscope in the Study of Membrane Fusion and Exocytosis / Bhanu P. Jena ; Sang-Joon Cho2.:
Methods
AFM Studies on Live Cells
Identification of New Plasma Membrane Structures Involved in Exocytosis
Future of AFM in the Study of Live Cells
Atomic Force Microscope Imaging of Cells and Membranes / Eric Lesniewska ; Pierre Emmanuel Milhiet ; Marie-Cecile Giocondi ; Christian Le Grimellec3.:
AFM Equipment
AFM Operating Modes
Requirements for the Imaging of Intact Cells
Imaging of Cells
Imaging of Isolated Membranes / VI.:
Conclusion and Perspectives / VII.:
Measuring the Elastic Properties of Living Cells by the Atomic Force Microscope / Manfred Radmacher4.:
Principles of Measurement
Application to Cells
Mechanics of Cellular Dynamics
Summary
Cell Adhesion Measured by Force Spectroscopy on Living Cells / Martin Benoit5.:
Instrumentation
Preparations of the Force Sensor for Measurements with Living Cells
Cell Culture
Final Remarks
Molecular Recognition Studies Using the Atomic Force Microscope / Peter Hinterdorfer6.:
Experimental Approach
Dynamic Force Spectroscopy
Recognition Imaging
The Biophysics of Sensory Cells of the Inner Ear Examined by Atomic Force Microscopy and Patch Clamp / Matthias G. Langer ; Assen Koitschev7.:
Morphology and Function of Cochlear Hair Cells
AFM Technology
Applications
Discussion
Outlook
Biotechnological Applications of Atomic Force Microscopy / Guillaume Charras ; Petri Lehenkari ; Mike Horton8.:
Analysis
Application Examples
Future Directions and Improvements
Cellular Membranes Studied by Photonic Force Microscopy / Arnd Pralle ; Ernst-Ludwig Florin9.:
Experimental Considerations
Methods for Biological Probe Microscopy in Aqueous Fluids / Johannes H. Kindt ; John C. Sitko ; Lia I. Pietrasanta ; Emin Oroudjev ; Nathan Becker ; Mario B. Viani ; Helen G. Hansma10.:
Substrates/Surfaces
Basic Methods for Atomic Force Microscopy in Aqueous Fluids
Molecular Force Probing
Advanced Fluid Handling
Conclusion
Supported Lipid Bilayers as Effective Substrates for Atomic Force Microscopy / Daniel M. Czajkowsky ; Zhifeng Shao11.:
Preparation of the Supported Bilayer Substrates
Examples of Applications
Cryo-Atomic Force Microscopy / Sitong Sheng12.:
Designs and Instrumentation
Applications in Structural Biology
Deep Etching as the Preferred Sample Preparation Method
New Directions
Conformations, Flexibility, and Interactions Observed on Individual Membrane Proteins by Atomic Force Microscopy / Daniel J. Muller ; Andreas Engel13.:
High-Resolution AFM Imaging
Identification of Membrane Proteins
Observing the Oligomerization of Membrane Proteins
Unraveling the Conformational Variability of Membrane Proteins
Comparing AFM Topographs to Atomic Models
Conformational Changes of Native Membrane Proteins
Observing the Assembly of Membrane Proteins / VIII.:
Detecting Intra- and Intermolecular Forces of Proteins / IX.:
Conclusions and Perspectives / X.:
Single-Molecule Force Measurements / Aileen Chen ; Vincent T. Moy14.:
Experimental Design
Forced Unfolding of Single Proteins / S. M. Altmann ; P.-F. Lenne15.:
The Biological System
Forced Unfolding
Models
Conclusions and Prospects
Appendices
Developments in Dynamic Force Microscopy and Spectroscopy / A. D. L. Humphris ; M. J. Miles16.:
Active Q Control
Application of Active Q-Control AFM
Transverse Dynamic Force Techniques
Conclusions
Scanning Force Microscopy Studies on the Structure and Dynamics of Single DNA Molecules / Giampaolo Zuccheri ; Bruno Samori17.:
The Control of Adsorption of DNA on Surfaces
Air Imaging of DNA: Which Present, Which Future?
Imaging DNA in Fluid
DNA Manipulation with the SFM: The Controlled Dissection of DNA
The Study of DNA Conformations and Mechanics: Curvature and Flexibility
An Interesting Issue: The Shape of Supercoiled DNA
Knowledge Intensive Computer Aided Design: Past, Present and Future / Tomiyama, T. ; Hew, K.P.1.:
Invited Talk / Part 2:
Supporting the Knowledge Life-Cycle / Blessing, L. ; Wallace, K.2.:
Ontology / Part 3:
Ontological Commitments in Knowledge-Based Design Software: A Progress Report / Salustri, F.A.3.:
Classification of Knowledge for Generating Engineering Models -A Case Study of Model Generation in Finite Element Analysis- / Sekiya, T. ; Tsumaya, A.4.:
Design History System: Data Models and Prototype Implementation / Shah, J.J. ; Rangaswamy, S. ; Qureshi, S. ; Urban, S.D.5.:
Knowledge Intensive Cad (Kic) / Part 4:
Modeling of Product Life-cycle Knowledge and Data for an Intelligent Concurrent Design System / Xue, D.6.:
Model Sharing among Agents in a Concurrent Product Development Team / Ozawa, M. ; Cutkosky, M.R. ; Howley, B.J.7.:
Design-to-Manufacture Information Transfer in the Context of Solid Freeform Fabrication Technologies / Rosen, D.W.8.:
An Application of the Knowledge Intensive Engineering Framework to Building Foundation Design / Yoshioka, M. ; Shamoto, Y.9.:
Knowledge Intensive Design (Kid) / Part 5:
Supporting Conceptual Design: A Model for Reflective-Interactive Design / Chan, B. ; Finger, S.10.:
A Knowledge Based Engineering Application to Support Weight Distribution Analysis for IRL Cars / Susca, L. ; Mandorli, F. ; Rizzi, C. ; Cugini, U.11.:
Lens Barrel Design Based On Distributed Knowledge-Base / Bok, K. ; Myung, S. ; Han, S.-H.12.:
Polymer-Assisted Technologies in Multistep Solution-Phase Syntheses / 5.12.:
Solid-Phase Organic Synthesis on Radiation-Grafted Polymer Surfaces: Application of Synphase Crowns to Multiple Parallel Syntheses / Ian W. James ; Geoffrey Wickham ; Nicholas J. Ede ; Andrew M. Bray5.13.:
Multiple Parallel Syntheses of Individual Compounds / 6.1.:
Synthetic Applications of Synphase Crowns / 6.2.:
Linker Development Using Synphase Crowns / 6.3.:
Tagging Methods for Identifying Individual Crowns / 6.4.:
Future Developments / 6.5.:
Vibrational Spectroscopy for Optimization of Solid-Phase Organic Syntheses / Bing Yan7:
Spectroscopic Methods Applicable to Different Sample Sizes / 7.1.:
Optimization in Solid-Phase Organic Syntheses / 7.3.:
Recent Advances in Solid-Phase Synthesis of Natural Products / Lawrence J. Wilson7.4.:
Prostaglandins / 8.1.:
Epothilone a / 8.3.:
(S)-Zearalenone / 8.4.:
DL-Muscone / 8.5.:
Taxoid Libraries from Baccatin III / 8.6.:
Sarcodictyin Libraries / 8.7.:
Lavendustin A / 8.8.:
Indolyl Diketopiperazines / 8.9.:
Balanol Analogs / 8.10.:
Pseudoalkaloids from Shikimic Acid / 8.11.:
Conclusions / 8.12.:
Index
Preface
Contributors
Solid-Phase Syntheses of Guanidines / Kevin Burgess ; Jiong Chen1:
Down to the Sea in Ships: The Emergence of Marine GIS / Dawn J. Wright1:
Working on the Frontiers of Science: Applying GIS to the Coastal Zone / Darius J. Bartlett2:
Conceptual/Technical Issues / Part I:
Data Models for Marine and Coastal Geographic Information Systems / Rongxing Li3:
An Algorithmic Approach to Marine GIS / Christopher Gold4:
Representation of Variability in Marine Environmental Data / Anne Lucas5:
Applying Spatio-Temporal Concepts to Correlative Data Analysis / Herman Varma6:
Linear Reference Data Models and Dynamic Segmentation: Application to Coastal and Marine Data / Andrew G. Sherin7:
Spatial Reasoning for Marine Geology and Geophysics / 8:
2.5- and 3-D GIS for Coastal Geomorphology / Jonathan Raper9:
Applications / Part II:
Real-time GIS for Marine Applications / Gerald A. Hatcher, Jr. ; Norman Maher10:
Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS): State-of-the-art in Nautical Charting / Robert Ward ; Chris Roberts ; Ron Furness11:
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Vents Program GIS: Integration, Analysis, and Distribution of Multidisciplinary Oceanographic Data / Christopher G. Fox ; Andra M. Bobbitt12:
Integrated Geographical and Environmental Remotelysensed Data on Marginal and Enclosed Basins: The Mediterranean Case / Vittorio Barale13:
Mapping Submarine Slope Failures / Brian G. McAdoo14:
Applications of GIS to Fisheries Management / Geoff J. Meaden15:
A User-Friendly Marine GIS for Multi-dimensional Visualisation / Yafang Su16:
Active Tectonics: Data Acquisition and Analysis with Marine GIS / Chris Goldfinger17:
Institutional Issues / Part III:
Managing Marine and Coastal Data Sources: A National Oceanographic Data Centre Perspective on GIS / Bronwyn Cahill ; Theresa Kennedy ; Orla Ni Cheileachair18:
Significance of Coastal and Marine Geographic Information Systems within the Context of the United States National Geospatial Data Policies / Millington Lockwood ; Cindy Fowler19:
GIS Applications to Maritime Boundary Delimitation / Harold Palmer ; Lorin Pruett20:
Information Quality Considerations for Coastal Data / Nancy von Meyer ; Kenneth E. Foote ; Donald J. Huebner21:
Reactivity and Mechanistic Studies of Stereocontrol for Ziegler-Natta Polymerization Utilizing Doubly-Silylene Bridged Group 3 and Group 4 Metallocenes / D. L. Zubris ; D. Veghini ; T. A. Herzog ; J. E. Bercaw1.:
Recent Developments in Lanthanide Catalysts for 1,3-Diene Polymerization / L. Porri ; G. Ricci ; A. Giarrusso ; N. Shubin ; Z. Lu2.:
Siloxy-Substituted Group IV Metallocene Catalysts / Reko Leino ; Hendrik J. G. Luttikhedde3.:
Progress in Polymerization
Advances in Propene Polymerization Using Magnesium Chloride-Supported Catalysts / J. C. Chadwick ; G. Morini ; G. Balbontin ; V. Busico ; G. Talarico ; O. Sudmeijer4.:
Homo- and Copolymerization of Styrene by Bridged Zirconocene Complex with Benz Indenyl Ligand / Toru Arai ; Shigeru Suzuki ; Toshiaki Ohtsu5.:
Random Copolymerization of Propylene and Styrene with Homogeneous Monocyclopentadienyltitanium-Methylaluminoxanes Catalyst / Qing Wu ; Qinghai Gao ; Zhong Ye ; Shangan Lin6.:
Progress in Polymer Design
Advantaged Polyethylene Product Design / J. LaMonte Adams ; George N. Foster ; Scott H. Wasserman7.:
Polyolefin Copolymers Containing p-Methylstyrene Units: Preparation by Metallocene Catalysts and Application in the Functionalization of Polyolefins / T. C. Chung8.:
Progress in Characterization
The Distribution of Asymmetric and Symmetric Chains in Highly Isotactic Polypropylenes / J. C. Randall ; C. J. Ruff ; Masatoshi Ohkura9.:
Short Chain Branching Distribution of Amorphous Ethylene Copolymers / Lecon Woo ; Michael T. K. Ling ; Atul R. Khare ; Stanley P. Westphal10.:
Variable Temperature, Solid-State [superscript 13]C NMR Study of Linear Low-Density Polyethylene / Mingming Guo ; Stephen Z. D. Cheng ; Roderic P. Quirk11.:
Determination of Trimethylaluminum and Characterization of Methylaluminoxanes Using Proton NMR / Donald W. Imhoff ; Larry S. Simeral ; Don R. Blevins ; William R. Beard12.:
Indexes
Author Index
Subject Index
Preface
Progress in Catalysis
Reactivity and Mechanistic Studies of Stereocontrol for Ziegler-Natta Polymerization Utilizing Doubly-Silylene Bridged Group 3 and Group 4 Metallocenes / D. L. Zubris ; D. Veghini ; T. A. Herzog ; J. E. Bercaw1.:
The Secretory Pathway: From History to the State of the Art / Cordula Harter ; Constanze ReinhardChapter 1:
Summary / 1.:
Definition of the Secretory Pathway / 2.:
Discovery / 2.1.:
Stations of the Secretory Pathway / 2.2.:
Endoplasmic Reticulum / 2.2.1.:
ER-Golgi Intermediate Compartment / 2.2.2.:
The Golgi Apparatus / 2.2.3.:
Transport through the Secretory Pathway / 3.:
Export from the ER / 3.1.:
COPII-Coated Vesicles / 3.1.1.:
Transport into and through the Golgi / 3.2.:
COPI-Coated Vesicles / 3.2.1.:
Sorting at the trans-Golgi Network / 3.3.:
Clathrin-Coated Vesicles / 3.3.1.:
Recycling Pathways / 3.4.:
Membrane Proteins in Vesicle Formation and Cargo Selection / 3.5.:
Membrane Proteins of COP-Coated Vesicles / 3.5.1.:
Membrane Proteins of Clathrin-Coated Vesicles / 3.5.2.:
Mechanism of Vesicle Formation: Insights from the COPI System / 4.:
Bivalent Interaction of Coatomer / 4.1.:
Reconstitution of Coated Vesicles from Chemically Defined Liposomes / 4.2.:
Polymerization of Coatomer and COPI Bud Formation / 4.3.:
Mechanism of Vesicle Fusion / 5.:
SNARE Proteins / 5.1.:
NSF / 5.2.:
Additional Proteins Involved in Vesicle Fusion / 5.3.:
Targeting Proteins / 5.3.1.:
Modulators of SNARE Action / 5.3.2.:
Perspectives / 6.:
References / 7.:
Neurotoxins as Tools in Dissecting the Exocytic Machinery / Michal LinialChapter 2:
Introduction
The Core of the Exocytic Machinery--the SNAREs / 1.1.:
Direct Associates of SNAREs / 1.2.:
Dynamic View of Secretion / 1.3.:
Latrotoxin and Related Toxins
Biology of the Toxins--Cell Recognition
Structure and Biochemical Properties
Clostridial Toxins
Biology of the Toxins--Cell Recognition and Activation
Investigating Secretion with Clostridial Toxins--The Methodologies
In vivo--Genetic Approach
In vitro--Tissues and Cells
In vitro--Overexpressed Proteins
Clostridial Toxins as Molecular Probes for Secretion
Probes for Evolutionary Conservation and Diversity
Probes for Structural Specificity
Identifying New SNAREs, Their Associates and Their Roles
Studying the Diversity of Secretory Systems / 5.4.:
Clostridial Toxins as Therapeutic Tools
A Clinical Perspective / 6.1.:
In Model Systems / 6.2.:
Future Perspective
Annexins and Membrane Fusion / Helmut Kubista ; Sandra Sacre ; Stephen E. Moss8.:
Annexins in Membrane Fusion
The Structural Basis of Annexin-Membrane Interactions
Modulation of Annexin-Membrane Interactions by Phosphorylation
Annexins and Membrane Fusion in Exocytosis / 2.3.:
A Membrane Fusion Protein Activated by Ca[superscript 2+], GTP and Protein Kinase C / 2.3.1.:
Docking of Secretory Granules to the Plasma Membrane by Annexins / 2.3.2.:
Annexins and Vesicle Aggregation / 2.3.3.:
Annexins and the Organization of Membrane Microdomains / 2.3.4.:
Annexins as Membrane Fusogens / 2.3.5.:
Annexin-Mediated Ion Fluxes in Exocytosis / 2.3.6.:
Annexin Binding to Secretory Regulators / 2.3.7.:
Annexins and Membrane Fusion in Endocytosis
Annexin VI
Annexin II
Annexin I
Phagocytosis
Association of Annexins with Phagosomes
Annexin I and Phagocytosis in Neutrophils and Macrophages
The Annexin Family in Neutrophil Phagocytosis
Annexins in Regulated Exocytosis
Annexins from Simple Organisms
Annexin I in Exocytosis
Annexin II in Exocytosis
Annexin III in Exocytosis
Annexin V in Exocytosis / 5.5.:
Annexin VI in Exocytosis / 5.6.:
Annexin VII in Exocytosis / 5.7.:
Annexin XIII in Exocytosis / 5.8.:
Evidence against a Role for Annexins in Vesicle Trafficking
Annexins: Fusogenic or Non-Fusogenic
Conclusion and Outlook
The Full Complement of Yeast Ypt/Rab-GTPases and Their Involvement in Exo- and Endocytic Trafficking / Martin Gotte ; Thomas Lazar ; Jin-San Yoo ; Dietrich Scheglmann ; Dieter Gallwitz9.:
The Ras-Superfamily
The Ypt Protein: Structure
The GTPase Cycle
Ypt GTPases and SNAREs: The Fusion Machinery
The Ypt Family One by One
Ypt1p
Ypt31p/Ypt32p
Sec4p / 6.3.:
Ypt51p/Ypt52p/Ypt53p / 6.4.:
Ypt7p / 6.5.:
Ypt6p / 6.6.:
Ypt10p / 6.7.:
Ypt11p / 6.8.:
How Few Ypt GTPases Are Enough?
Essential and Nonessential Ypt GTPases / 7.1.:
Redundancy among Ypt GTPases / 7.2.:
Ypt GTPases and Vesicular Trafficking Routes / 7.3.:
Possible Roles of Long-Chain Fatty Acyl-CoA Esters in the Fusion of Biomembranes / Nils Joakim Faergeman ; Tina Ballegaard ; Jens Knudsen ; Paul N. Black ; Concetta DiRussoChapter 5:
Biophysical Properties of Long-Chain Fatty Acyl-CoA Esters and Their Interaction with Biomembranes
Vesicle Trafficking
Assembly of Transport Vesicles
Fusion of Transport Vesicles
Long-Chain Fatty Acyl-CoA Esters as Cofactors for Vesicles Budding and Fusion
Palmitoylation of Proteins Involved in Membrane Trafficking
The Enzymology of Protein Palmitoylation
Palmitoylation and Membrane Fusion, Similarities Between Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin and SNAREs
A Putative Link Between Coat Assembly, Phospholipases, Protein Kinases and Acyl-CoA Esters / 4.4.:
Acyl-CoA-Dependent Lipid Remodeling in Vesicle Trafficking
Acyl-CoA and Vesicle Trafficking, Lessons from Yeast Mutants
Allosteric Effects of Long-Chain Acyl-CoA on Vesicle Trafficking
Acyl-CoA Regulation of Ion Fluxes
Intracellular Acyl-CoA Binding Proteins
Acyl-CoA Binding Protein
Fatty Acid Binding Protein and Sterol Carrier Protein-2 in Acyl-CoA Metabolism
In Vivo Regulation of Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Esters
Regulation of the Intracellular Acyl-CoA Concentration / 8.1.:
Regulation of Vesicle Trafficking In Vivo by Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Esters
Brefeldin A: Revealing the Fundamental Principles Governing Membrane Dynamics and Protein Transport / Catherine L. Jackson10.:
The Morphological Basis of Transport in the ER-GOLGI System
The Classic Models: Anterograde Vesicular Transport and Cisternal Maturation
The Three-Dimensional Structure of Intracellular Organelles and the Concept of Membrane Transformation
Regulated Forward Membrane Flux as the Driving Force for Anterograde Transport in the Exocytic Pathway
Morphological and Biochemical Effects of BFA
Early Studies of the Effects of BFA on the Secretory Pathway in Mammalian Cells
Conflicting Reports: Does the Golgi Disappear or Not?
The Effects of BFA in Yeast
The Effects of BFA on the Endocytic Pathway and Lysosomes: Fusion of Organelles within Systems and Traffic Jams
A Model to Explain the Morphological Effects of BFA
Molecular Effects of BFA
BFA Causes the Rapid Release of the COPI Coat from Golgi Membranes
BFA Inhibits Guanine Nucleotide Exchange on ARF
BFA Causes the Release of Many Golgi-Associated Proteins from Membranes
The Sec7 Domain Family of ARF Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors
Identification of Sec7 Domain Proteins as ARF Exchange Factors
Different Sec7 Domain Proteins have Different Sensitivities to BFA
Mechanism of Action of BFA: Stabilization of an Abortive ARF-GDP-Sec7 Domain Protein Complex
Conclusion
Membrane Fusion Events during Nuclear Envelope Assembly / Philippe Collas ; Dominic PocciaChapter 7:
Introduction: The Nuclear Envelope Is a Dynamic Structure
Assembly of the Nuclear Envelope Is a Multistep Process
Nuclear Reconstitution in Cell-Free Systems as Tools to Study Nuclear Envelope Assembly
Targeting and Binding of Nuclear Vesicles to Chromatin
Role of Lipophilic Structures (LSs) in Membrane Vesicle Binding to Chromatin
Distinct Membrane Vesicle Populations Contribute to the NE / 1.4.:
Fusion of Nuclear Vesicles
Sealing and Growth of the Nuclear Envelope
Fusion of the Bulk of Nuclear Vesicles / 2.1.1.:
LS-Vesicle Fusion / 2.1.2.:
A Retrograde Vesicular Transport Mechanism Implicated in Nuclear Vesicle Targeting to Chromatin and Fusion?
Assays for Nuclear Vesicle Fusion
Fluorescence Evidence of Fusion
Exclusion of High Molecular Weight Dextran from Nuclei
Electron Microscopic Assays to Monitor Nuclear Vesicle Fusion
Cytosolic and Nucleotide Requirements for Nuclear Vesicle Fusion / 2.4.:
Involvement of Small GTP-Binding Proteins in Nuclear Vesicle Dynamics
Nuclear Vesicle Fusion Requires GTP Hydrolysis
Early Evidence for a Putative Role of ARFs in Nuclear Vesicle Dynamics
Evidence for a Non-ARF GTPase Active in Nuclear Envelope Assembly
Analogies Between Nuclear Vesicle Fusion and Fusion Events in Intracellular Membrane Trafficking
Inhibition of Nuclear Vesicle Fusion with the Sulphydryl Modifier, N-Ethylmaleimide
Targeted Membrane Fusion Orchestrated by Components of the SNARE Hypothesis
A Role for p97 in Nuclear Envelope Assembly?
Implication of SNAREs in Nuclear Vesicle Targeting and Fusion: An Argument
A Role of Nuclear Ca[superscript 2+] in Nuclear Vesicle Fusion?
A Ca[superscript 2+] Store at the Nuclear Envelope
Generating Ca[superscript 2+] Signals in the Nucleus
Evidence for Nuclear Ca[superscript 2+]-Independent Nuclear Envelope Assembly
Nuclear Vesicle Fusion Requires Membrane-Associated Fusigenic Elements
Proteins Mediating Nuclear Membrane Fusion in Yeast Are Being Identified
Relevance of Kar Protein Homologues in Nuclear Vesicle Fusion
Transactions at the Peroxisomal Membrane / Ben Distel ; Ineke Braakman ; Ype Elgersma ; Henk F. TabakChapter 8:
The Isolation of Yeast Mutants Disturbed in Peroxisome Function
Impermeability of the Peroxisomal Membrane
Import of Proteins into Peroxisomes
Formation of Peroxisomal Membranes
The ER to Peroxisome Connection
Do Peroxisomes Possess Unique Features?
Technical Shortcomings in the Peroxisome Field
Outlook
Neurons, Chromaffin Cells and Membrane Fusion / Peter Partoens ; Dirk Slembrouck ; Hilde De Busser ; Peter F.T. Vaughan ; Guido A.F. Van Dessel ; Werner P. De Potter ; Albert R. LagrouChapter 9:
Biogenesis and Axonal Transport of LDV/Secretory Granules
Exocytosis from LDV/Secretory Granules
The Membrane Composition of Secretory Vesicles/LDV
The Role of the Cytoskeleton in Secretion from LDV
The Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y as a Model to Study the Role of the Cytoskeleton in Secretion from LDV
Cytoskeletal and Vesicular Proteins and Exocytosis / 3.2.2.:
Candidate Target Proteins for PKC Substrates / 3.2.3.:
Control of Actin Dynamics / 3.2.4.:
The Regulation of Cytoskeleton by PKC / 3.2.5.:
MARCKS / 3.2.6.:
GAP-43 / 3.2.7.:
Role of MARCKS in PKC Enhancement of Secretion in SH-SY5Y / 3.2.8.:
Involvement of Isoprenylation/Carboxymethylation in Regulated Exocytosis
Role of Rab3 and Helper Proteins in Controlled Exocytosis
Processing of Proteins through Isoprenylation and Carboxymethylation / 3.3.2.:
Regulatory Function of Protein Prenylation/Carboxymethylation in Exocytosis and Other Cellular Processes / 3.3.3.:
Endocytosis of LDV/Secretory Vesicles
Reversibility in Fusion Protein Conformational Changes: The Intriguing Case of Rhabdovirus-Induced Membrane Fusion / Yves GaudinChapter 10:
General Introduction
Metastability of the Native Viral Membrane Fusion Glycoprotein Is General
Influenza HA as the Model Fusogenic Glycoprotein
General
Low pH-Induced HA Conformational Change
Irreversibility of the Fusogenic Structural Transition Is a Common Feature of Viral Membrane Fusion
The Case of Fusogenic Glycoproteins Activated by Proteolytic Cleavage
The Case of Uncleaved Fusogenic Glycoproteins
The Rhabdovirus Exception
The Rhabdovirus Family
The Rhabdovirus Glycoprotein / 3.1.2.:
Fusion Properties of Rhabdoviruses
Low pH-Induced Conformational Changes of Rhabdovirus G
One Protein, Three Conformational States
Identification of the Fusion Domain of Rhabdoviruses
Mutations Affecting G Conformational Changes
Role of the Fusion Inactive State / 3.3.4.:
Other Differences between Rhabdoviral G and Influenza Virus HA Conformational Changes / 3.3.5.:
Attempt to Reconcile the Data Obtained on Rhabdoviruses with those Obtained on other Viral Families
Existence of Reversible Steps in Fusogenic Glycoproteins Conformational Changes
How do Rhabdoviruses Overcome the High Energetic Barrier Encountered During Fusion?
Final Remarks / 4.3:
Specific Roles for Lipids in Virus Fusion and Exit: Examples from the Alphaviruses / Margaret Kielian ; Prodyot K. Chatterjee ; Don L. Gibbons ; Yanping E. LuChapter 11:
The Alphavirus Lifecycle
Virus Structure and Assembly
Virus Entry and Fusion
Endocytic Entry and Low pH-Triggered Fusion
In Vitro Fusion with Liposomes
Conformational Changes in the Virus Spike during Membrane Fusion
Virus Exit Pathway and Requirements
The Role of Cholesterol in the Alphavirus Lifecycle
Role of Cholesterol in Fusion
In Vitro Cholesterol Requirements
In Vivo Cholesterol Requirements
Role of Cholesterol in Virus Exit
The Role of Sphingolipid in Alphavirus Fusion
In Vitro Requirement for Sphingolipid in Virus-Membrane Fusion
Structural Features of Fusion-Permissive Sphingolipids
Mechanisms of Cholesterol and Sphingolipid Requirements in Alphavirus Fusion and Exit
The Role of Cholesterol and Sphingolipid in Fusogenic Spike Protein Conformational Changes
Alphavirus Mutants with Reduced Cholesterol Requirements
Sequences Involved in the Alphavirus Cholesterol Requirement / 5.2.1.:
Sequences Involved in the SFV Cholesterol Requirement / 5.2.1.1.:
Sequences Involved in the SIN Cholesterol Requirement / 5.2.1.2.:
Mechanism of the srf-3 Mutation / 5.2.2.:
Mechanism of Cholesterol in Virus Exit
Role of Specific Lipids in the Entry and Exit of Other Pathogens
The Role of Cholesterol in Bacterial Toxin-Membrane Interactions
Other Viruses that May Require Specific Lipids
Human Immunodeficiency Virus / 6.2.1.:
Mouse Hepatitis Virus / 6.2.2.:
Ebola Virus / 6.2.3.:
African Swine Fever Virus / 6.2.4.:
Sendai Virus / 6.2.5.:
Role of Cholesterol in Transport of Influenza Hemagglutinin / 6.2.6.:
Lipid Stalk Intermediates in Membrane Fusion Reactions
Cellular Fusion Proteins
Future Directions
Fusion Mediated by the HIV-1 Envelope Protein / Carrie M. McManus ; Robert W. DomsChapter 12:
Viral Components of Fusion
Env
Gp120
Gp41
Cellular Components of Fusion
CD4
The Major HIV-1 Coreceptors
The Importance of CCR5 and CXCR4 In Vitro and In Vivo
Alternative HIV-1 Coreceptors
Envelope-Receptor Interactions
Env Determinants of Coreceptor Use
CCR5 Determinants
CXCR4 Determinants
Conformational Changes Resulting from Receptor Interactions
CD4-Independent Virus Infection
Implications for Therapeutic Intervention and Concluding Thoughts
Sulfhydryl Involvement in Fusion Mechanisms / David Avram SandersChapter 13:
Protein Thiols--An Introduction
Cysteine--A Special Residue
Oxidation and Reduction--Environment and Enzymatic Catalysis
Thiol and Disulfide Modification Reagents
Protein Thiols in Cellular Membrane Fusion
Identified Thiol-Reagent-Modified Proteins
N-ethylmaleimide-Sensitive Factor-NSF
Calpains
Experimental Systems with Thiol-Reagent- or Disulfide-Reagent-Modified Proteins of Unknown Identity
Frog Neuromuscular Junction
Mammalian Sperm-Egg Fusion
Insulin and Renin Secretion
Sea-Urchin Pronuclear Fusion during Fertilization / 2.2.4.:
Proteoglycans: Multifunctional ECM and Cell Surface Molecules
Summary
Inductive Phenomena / Matthias Hebrok ; Douglas A. Melton6.:
Epithelial to Mesenchymal Signaling in Endoderm Development
Lung Development and Instructive Signaling
Permissive Signaling during Pancreas Development
Morphogenesis and Tissue Engineering / A. H. Reddi7.:
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins
Cartilage-Derived Morphogenetic Proteins
Pleitropy and Thresholds
BMPs Bind to Extracellular Matrix
BMPs: Actions Beyond Bone
BMP Receptors
Responding Stem Cells
Morphogens and Gene Therapy
Biomimetic Biomaterials
Tissue Engineering of Bones and Joints
Future Challenges
Cell Determination and Differentiation / Leon W. Browder8.:
Roles of MRFs during Embryogenesis
Initiation of Skeletal Muscle Development
In Vitro Control of Tissue Development / Part II.:
Mechanical and Chemical Determinants of Tissue Development / Donald E. Ingber9.:
Extracellular Matrix Structure and Function
Pattern Formation through ECM Remodeling
Mechanochemical Switching between Growth and Differentiation
Animal Cell Culture / Gordon H. Sato ; David W. Barnes10.:
Regulation of Cell Behavior by Matricellular Proteins / Amy D. Bradshaw ; E. Helene Sage11.:
Matricellular Proteins
Conclusions
Growth Factors / Thomas F. Deuel ; Nan Zhang12.:
Wound Healing
Role of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor and Angiogenesis
Other Roles of Growth Factors and Cytokines
Tissue Engineering Bioreactors / Lisa E. Freed ; Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic13.:
Cell-Polymer Constructs
Bioreactor Technologies
Bioreactor Modulation of Tissue Formation
Bioreactor Cultivation of Functional Tissues
Tissue Engineering Bioreactors: State of the Art
Summary and Research Needs
Tissue Assembly in Microgravity / Brian R. Unsworth ; Peter I. Lelkes14.:
Microgravity as a Novel Tissue Culture Venue
Vascularization: Overcoming Size Limitations of Tissue Assemblies
From Single Cells to Tissues in Space
In Vitro Embryology
Gravitational Sensing
Caveats
In Vivo Synthesis of Tissues and Organs / Part III.:
Scale of Functional Deficit: Macromolecule versus Organ / Ioannis V. Yannas15.:
Basic Parameters of the Living Environment during in Vivo Organ Synthesis
Fundamental Design Principles for Tissue and Organ Regeneration Templates
Examples of in Vivo Organ Synthesis
Models for Tissue Engineering / Part IV.:
Organotypic and Histiotypic Models of Engineered Tissues / 16.:
The Collagen Gel Model
Models of Cell Interactions in Collagen Lattices
Other Types of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Models
Vascular Models
Selection of Scaffolds Other Than Gels for Model Systems
Cell Signaling and the Enrichment of Scaffolds
Goals and Uses of Model Tissue and Organ Building
Quantitative Aspects of Tissue Engineering: Basic Issues in Kinetics, Transport, and Mechanics / Alan J. Grodzinsky ; Roger D. Kamm ; Douglas A. Lauffenburger17.:
Molecular Interactions with Cells
Molecular and Cell Transport through Tissue
Cell and Tissue Mechanics
Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering / Part V.:
Patterning of Cells and Their Environment / Shuichi Takayama ; Robert G. Chapman ; Ravi S. Kane ; George M. Whitesides18.:
Soft Lithography
Self-Assembled Monolayers
Microcontact Printing
Microfluidic Patterning
Laminar Flow Patterning
Conclusion and Future Prospects
Cell Interactions with Polymers / W. Mark Saltzman19.:
Methods for Characterizing Cell Interactions with Polymers
Cell Interaction with Polymer Surfaces
Cell Interactions with Polymers in Suspension
Cell Interactions with Three-Dimensional Polymer Scaffolds and Gels
Matrix Effects / Jeffrey A. Hubbell20.:
Extracellular Matrix Proteins and Their Receptors
Model Systems for Study of Matrix Interactions
Cell Pattern Formation by Substrate Patterning
Signal Transduction and Functional Regulation via the Extracellular Matrix
Translation to Working Biomaterial Systems
Polymer Scaffold Processing / Robert C. Thomson ; Albert K. Shung ; Michael J. Yaszemski ; Antonios G. Mikos21.:
Fiber Bonding
Solvent Casting and Particulate Leaching
Membrane Lamination
Melt Molding
Extrusion
Three-Dimensional Printing
Gas Foaming
Freeze Drying
Phase Separation
Polymer/Ceramic Composite Foams
In Situ Polymerization
Biodegradable Polymers / James M. Pachence ; Joachim Kohn22.:
Biodegradable Polymer Selection Criteria
Biologically Derived Bioresorbables
Experimental Biologically Derived Bioresorbables
Creating Materials for Tissue-Engineered Products
Transplantation of Engineered Cells and Tissues / Part VI.:
Approaches to Transplanting Engineered Cells and Tissues / Janet Hardin-Young ; Jeffrey Teumer ; Robert N. Ross ; Nancy L. Parenteau23.:
Developing Workable Strategies
Mode of Action--An Important Design Consideration
Role of the Host
Source of Cells
The Immunology of Nonautologous Cells
Safety Considerations
Cryopreservation / Jens O. M. Karlsson ; Mehmet Toner24.:
Applications of Cryopreservation Technology in Tissue Engineering
Challenges in Cryopreservation Protocol Development
Cryobiology of Cells
Cryobiology of Tissue
Summary and Future Directions
Immunomodulation / Denise Faustman25.:
Origin of the Designer Tissue Concept
Expansion of Research on Designer Tissues
Mechanisms of Graft Survival after Class I Donor Ablation or Antibody Masking
The Launching of Xenogeneic Human Clinical Trials in the United States Using Immunomodulation
Gene Addition
RNA Ablation
Comment
Immunoisolation / Beth A. Zielinski ; Michael J. Lysaght26.:
Technology
Clinical
Future Directions
Engineering Challenges in Immunoisolation Device Development / Efstathios S. Avgoustiniatos ; Haiyan Wu ; Clark K. Colton27.:
Engineering Challenges
Oxygen-Supply Limitations
Theoretical Analysis of in Situ Oxygen Generation
Calculations
Concluding Remarks
Fetal Tissue Engineering / Part VII.:
General Characteristics of Fetal Cells / Dario O. Fauza28.:
The Fetus as a Transplantation Host
Ethical Considerations
Future Perspectives
Pluripotent Stem Cells / Michael J. Shamblott ; Brian E. Edwards ; John D. Gearhart29.:
Differentiation in Vitro
Examples of in Vitro Differentiation and Markers
In Vivo Applications
Summary and Future Prospects
Gene Therapy / Part VIII.:
Gene-Based Therapeutics / Lee G. Fradkin ; J. Dezz Ropp ; John F. Warner30.:
Gene Delivery
Persistent Gene Expression
Safety Considerations for Gene-Based Therapeutics
Large-Scale Production Issues
Breast / Part IX.:
Breast Reconstruction / Kuen Young Lee ; Craig R. Halberstadt ; Walter D. Holder ; David J. Mooney31.:
Cell Types for Soft Tissue Engineering
Materials
Animal Models
Strategies to Enhance the Vascularization of Engineered Tissue
Cardiovascular System / Part X.:
Blood Vessels / Lian Xue ; Howard P. Greisler32.:
Graft Healing
Strategies for the Development of Vascular Grafts
Small-Diameter Vascular Grafts / Susan J. Sullivan ; Kelvin G. M. Brockbank33.:
Synthetic Grafts
In Vitro Blood Vessel Tissue Engineering
In Vivo Tissue Engineering of Blood Vessels
Cardiac Prostheses / Jack W. Love34.:
A Short History of Tissue Heart Valves
The Status of Tissue Valves in 1999
The Issue of Whether to Use a Stent
The Issue of Repair versus Replacement
Speculation about the Future
Recent Developments
The Ideal Valve Repair or Replacement
Cornea / Part XI.:
Biology of the Cornea / Vickery Trinkaus-Randall35.:
Criteria for Keratoprostheses
Development of the Keratoprosthesis
Evaluation of Intact Devices
Other Devices Used to Change the Curvature of the Cornea
Endocrinology and Metabolism / Part XII.:
Bioartificial Pancreas / Taylor G. Wang ; Robert P. Lanza36.:
Theoretical Background
Experiment
Capsule Development
Discussion
Parathyroid / C. Hasse ; A. Zielke ; T. Bohrer ; U. Zimmermann ; M. Rothmund37.:
History of Parathyroid Allotransplantation
Hypoparathyroidism
Microencapsulation
Alginates
Experimental and Clinical Transplantation of Microencapsulated Parathyroid Tissue
Alternative Approaches and Perspectives
Gastrointestinal System / Part XIII.:
Alimentary Tract / Gregory M. Organ38.:
Enterocyte Isolation
Procedural Steps
Liver / Hugo O. Jauregui39.:
Anatomy and Function of the Liver
Liver Failure: Pathophysiological Classification
Mechanisms of HE in Liver Failure
Medical Need for Liver-Assist Devices
Biological Component of Liver-Assist Devices
Liver-Assist Device Configurations
HepatAssist Liver Support System / Claudy Mullon ; Barry A. Solomon40.:
HepatAssist System
Cell Preparation
Clinical Study
Lineage Biology and Liver / Arron S. L. Xu ; Thomas L. Luntz ; Jeffrey M. Macdonald ; Hiroshi Kubota ; Edward Hsu ; Robert E. London ; Lola M. Reid41.:
Liver Organization and Development
Identification, Isolation, and Sourcing of Cells for Tissue Engineering
Sourcing of Human Cells for Tissue Engineering
Microenvironment
Designing Bioreactors for Tissue Engineering
Technical Aspects of Tissue Engineering
Future Considerations
Hematopoietic System / Part XIV.:
Red Blood Cell Substitutes / Thomas Ming Swi Chang42.:
Why Do We Have to Modify Hemoglobin?
Sources of Hemoglobin
Circulating Time of Modified Hemoglobin
Safety of Modified Hemoglobin Blood Substitute
Efficacy of Modified Hemoglobin Blood Substitute
Present Status and Future Research and Development
Lymphoid Cells / Una Chen43.:
Lymphocyte Engineering: Reality and Potential
Concluding Remarks and Prospects for Lymphocyte Engineering
Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Anne Kessinger ; Graham Sharp44.:
Overview of Hematopoiesis: Properties and Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells Relevant to Tissue Engineering
Organization of the Stem Cell Compartment
Stromal Microenvironments
Kidney and Genitourinary System / Part XV.:
Renal Replacement Devices / H. David Humes45.:
Basics of Kidney Function
Tissue Engineering Approach to Renal Function Replacement
Genitourinary System / Byung-Soo Kim ; Anthony Atala46.:
Tissue Engineering Strategies in the Genitourinary System
Engineering Genitourinary Tissues
Musculoskeletal System / Part XVI.:
Structural Tissue Engineering / Lawrence J. Bonassar47.:
Materials Development
Structural Tissues
Biomechanics
Bone Regeneration through Cellular Engineering / Scott P. Bruder ; Arnold I. Caplan48.:
Marrow: The Source of Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells
Delivery of Osteoprogenitor Cells
Bone Regeneration by MSCs
MSCs and Gene Therapy
Prevention of Age-Related Bone Loss
Articular Cartilage Injury / John M. McPherson ; Ross Tubo49.:
Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation
Commercialization of Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation
Alternative Strategies for the Delivery of Cell-Based Therapies for Cartilage Repair
Tendons and Ligaments / Francine Goulet ; Denis Rancourt ; Rejean Cloutier ; Lucie Germain ; A. Robin Poole ; Francois A. Auger50.:
The Need for Bioengineered Tendon and Ligament Substitutes
Histologic Description of Tendons and Ligaments
Production of Bioengineered Tendons and Ligaments
A New Living Bioengineered Ligament Model
Technical Steps to Produce and Analyze Our bACL
Perspectives in Tendon and Ligament Bioengineering
Mechanosensory Mechanisms in Bone / Stephen C. Cowin ; Melvin L. Moss51.:
The Connected Cellular Network
Mechanosensation on the CCN
Questions for Future Research; Socratic Questions
Myoblast Therapy / Joanne C. Cousins ; Jennifer E. Morgan ; Terence A. Partridge52.:
Myoblast-Mediated Gene Transfer
Therapeutic Myoblast Transplantation for Myopathies
Nervous System / Part XVII.:
Protection and Repair of Hearing / Richard A. Altschuler ; Yehoash Raphael ; Jochen Schacht ; David J. Anderson ; Josef M. Miller53.:
Basis for Interventions
Methods of Intervention
Vision Enhancement Systems / Gislin Dagnelie ; Mark S. Humayun ; Robert W. Massof54.:
Visual System: Architecture and (Dys) Function
Possible Approaches to Vision Restoration
Current Approaches
Applications of Engineered Cells and Tissues: Challenges and Tentative Solutions
Toward "2020" Vision
Brain Implants / Lars U. Wahlberg55.:
Naked Cell Implants
Encapsulated Cell Implants
Controlled-Release Implants
Axonal Guidance Implants
Disease Targets
Surgical Considerations
Nerve Regeneration / Eric G. Fine ; Robert F. Valentini ; Patrick Aebischer56.:
Nerve Regeneration and Neural Tissue Engineering
Overview of Neural Regeneration
Experimental Use of Guidance Channels
Biomaterial-Based Approaches to Nerve Repair
Tissue Engineering Approaches to Nerve Repair
Specificity of Nerve Reconnections
Transplantation Strategies for Treatment of Spinal Cord Dysfunction and Injury / Jacqueline Sagen ; Mary Bartlett Bunge ; Naomi Kleitman57.:
Spinal Implants as Axon Bridges
Spinal Implants for Replacement of Specific Cell Populations
Spinal Implants for Provision of Neurotransmitters
Neural Stem Cells / Martin P. Vacanti58.:
Background
Neural Stem Cell Applications in Tissue Engineering
Periodontal and Dental Applications / Part XVIII.:
Periodontal Applications / Neal A. Miller ; Marie C. Bene ; Jacques Penaud ; Pascal Ambrosini ; Gilbert C. Faure59.:
Guided Tissue Regeneration
Bone Substitutes
Dental Implants
Growth Factors and Plasma Proteins
Cell Culture Techniques
Regeneration of Dentin / R. Bruce Rutherford60.:
Dentin
Induction Potential of Dentin
Recombinant Human BMPs Induce Dentin Formation
Delivery Systems
Clinical Considerations
Additional Considerations
Potential Applications of BMP-Induced Dentinogenesis
Skin / Part XIX.:
Wound Repair: Basic Biology to Tissue Engineering / Richard A. F. Clark ; Adam J. Singer61.:
Inflammation
Epithelialization
Granulation Tissue
Wound Contraction and Extracellular Matrix Reorganization
Skin Structure and Function / 62.:
Engineering Skin Tissue
Epidermal Regeneration
Dermal Replacement
Composite Skin Grafts
Dermal Equivalents / Gail K. Naughton63.:
Cell Testing and Establishment of Manufacturing Cell Banks
Water Hydrogen Hydrogen Peroxide and Inorganic Peroxo Compounds Nitrogen and Nitrogen Compounds Phosphorus and its Compounds Sulfur and Sulfur Compounds Halogens and Halogen Compounds
Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals and their Compounds Aluminum and its Compounds Chromium Compounds and Chromium Silicon and its Inorganic Compounds Manganese Compounds and Manganese
Organo-Silicon Compounds
Industrially Important Organo-Silicon Compounds Industrially Important Silanes Silicones Industrial Silicone Products
Inorganic Solids
Silicate Products Inorganic Fibers Construction Materials Enamel Ceramics Metallic Hard Materials Carbon Modifications Fillers Inorganic Pigments
Nuclear Fuel Cycle
Economic Importance of Nuclear Energy General Information about the Nuclear Fuel Cycle Availability of Uranium Nuclear Reactor Types Nuclear Fuel Production Disposal of Waste from Nuclear Power Stations
primary Inorganic Materials
Water Hydrogen Hydrogen Peroxide and Inorganic Peroxo Compounds Nitrogen and Nitrogen Compounds Phosphorus and its Compounds Sulfur and Sulfur Compounds Halogens and Halogen Compounds
The simulation of the transport of contaminants in groundwater flow; error estimates for a finite volume scheme / R. Eymard et al
Inertial flow anisotropy in oblique flow through porous media / M. Firdaouss ; P. Tran
An adaptive method for characteristics finite element method for solute transport equation in unsaturated porous media / M. Gabbouhy ; Z. Mghazli
Estimation of parameter geometry / J. Heredia et al
Fast real space renormalization for two-phase porous media flow / M. Hoffmann
Solution of convection-diffusion problems with the memory terms / J. Kacur
Optimal control approach for a flow in a unsaturated porous media / C. Murea ; J.M. Crolet
Splitting the saturation and heterogeneity for time dependent effective phase permeabilities / M. Panfilov ; A. Tchijov
Fuzzy simulation of waterflooding: a new approach to handling uncertainties in multiple realizations / A.B. Zolotukhin
Mass transport and heat transfer. A two-domain model for infiltration into unsaturated fine-textured soils / A. Abdallah ; R. Masrouri
Numerical study of heat and mass transfer in a cubical porous medium heated by solar energy `Boubnov-Galerkin method' / A. Al Mers ; et al
Cylindrical reactor performance evaluation for a solar adsorption cooling machine / E.H. Aroudam ; A. Mimet
RETRASO, a parallel code to model REactive TRAnsport of SOlutes / I. Benet Llobera
A numerical study of the coupled evolutions of micro-geometry and transport properties of simple 3D porous media / D. Bernard ; G. Vignoles
Pore-scale modelling to minimize empirical uncertainties in transport equations / J.P. Du Plessis
Modelling contaminant transport and biodegradation in a saturated porous media / S.A. Kammouri
Water phase change and vapour transport in low permeability unsaturated soils with capillary effects / S. Olivella
Behaviour of infiltration plume in porous media. Adequacy between numerical results and a simplified theory / C. Oltean ; M.A. Bues
A comparison of two alternatives to simulate reactive transport in groundwater / M.W. Saaltink
Comparison with experimentations and simulations of real cases. Modeling of organic liquid entrapment and surfactant enhanced recovery in heterogeneous media / L. Abriola
Application of the back-tracking method to the definition of sanitary zones of catchwork protection for drinking water supply / M. Bonnet ; F. Bertone
Experimental and numerical investigation of porosity variations in saline media induced by temperature gradients / S. Castagna
CLOG: A code to address the clogging of artificial recharge systems / A. Perez-Paricio
Groundwater flow modelling of a landslide / J. Rius
Trace gas absorption by soil. Simulation study on diffusion processes of trace gases, CO, H2, and CH4 in soil / S. Yonemura
List of contributors
Foreword
Numerical methods
The simulation of the transport of contaminants in groundwater flow; error estimates for a finite volume scheme / R. Eymard et al
Synthesis and Processing / H.G. Jiang ; M.L. Lau ; V.L. Telkamp ; and E.J. LaverniaVolume 1:
Synthesis of Nanostructured Coatings by High Velocity Oxygen Fuel Thermal Spraying / K.E. Gonsalves ; S.P. Rangarajan ; J. Wang
Chemical Synthesis of Nanostructured Metals, Metal Alloys, and Semiconductors / J. Costa
Nanoparticles from Low-Pressure and Low-Temperature Plasma / C.D. Johnson ; M. Noh ; H. Sellinschegg ; R. Schneidmiller ; D.C. Johnson
Kinetic Control of Inorganic Solid State Reactions Resulting from Mechanistic Studies Using Elementally Modulated Reactants / E.J. Gonzalez ; G.J. Piermarini
Low Temperature Compaction on Nanosize Powders / W.H. Weinberg ; C.M. Reaves ; B.Z. Nosho ; R.I. Pelzel ; S.P. denBaars
Strained-layer Heteroepitaxy to Fabricate Self-assembled Semiconductor Islands / J.J. McClelland
Nanofabrication via Atom Optics / K.C. Kwaitkowski ; C.M. Lukehart
Nanocomposites Prepared by Sol-Gel Methods: Synthesis and Characterization / Q. Yitai
Chemical Preparation and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Materials / D.J. Duval ; S.H. Risbud
Semiconductors Quantum Dots-Progress in Processing / I.T.H. Chang
Rapid Solidification Processing of Nanocrystalline Metallic Alloys / K.L. Choy
Vapor Processing of Nanostructured Materials
Spectroscopy and Theory / J.M. Cowley ; J.C.H. SpenceVolume 2:
Nanodiffraction / M.-I. Baraton
FT-IR Surface Spectrometry of Nanosized Particles / P. Milani ; C.E. Bottani
Vibrational Spectroscopy of Mesoscopic Systems / R.M. Taylor II ; R. Superfine
Advanced Interfaces to Scanning-probe Microscopes / R. Blick
Microwave Spectroscopy on Quantum Dots / E. Meyer ; R. Luthi
Tribological Experiments with Friction Force Microscopy / M. J. Yacaman ; J.A. Ascencia
Electron Microscopy Techniques Applied to Study of Nanostructured Materials and Ancient Materials / K. Ounadjela ; R.L. Stamps
Mesoscopic Magnetism in Metals / D.J. Whitehouse
Tools of Nanotechnology: Nanometrology / V.Gasparian ; M. Ortuno ; G. Schon ; U. Simon
Tunneling Times in Nanostructures / S.B. Sinnott
Theory of Atomic-Scale Friction / D. Ahn
Theoretical Aspects of Strained-layer Quantum-Well Lasers / L.R. Ram Mohan ; I. Vurgaftman ; J.R. Meyer
Wavefunction Engineering: A New Paradigm in Quantum Nanostructure Modeling
Electrical Properties / J. Smolines ; G. PlonerVolume 3:
Electron Transport and Confining Potentials in Semiconductor Nanostructures / M.A. Reed ; J.W. Sleight ; M.R. Deshpande
Electron Transport Properties of Quantum Dots
Electrical Properties of Chemically Tailored Nanoparticles and Their Applications in Microelectronics / R.P. Andres ; S. Datta ; D.B. Janes ; C.P. Kubiak ; R. Reifenberger
Design, Fabrication, and Electronic Properties of Self-assembled Molecular Nanostructures / T.P. Sidiki ; C.M. Sotomayor Torres
Silicon-based Nanostructures / P.V. Kamat ; K. Murakoshi ; Y. Wada ; S. Yanagida
Semiconductor Nanoparticles / F.M. Peeters ; J. DeBoeck
Hybrid Magnetic-Semiconductor Nanostructures / O.I. Micic ; A.J. Nozik
Colloidal Quantum Dots of III-V Semiconductors / V.V. Moshchalkov ; Y. Bruynseraede ; L. Van Look ; M.J. Van Bael ; A. Tonomura
Quantization and Confinement Phenomena in Nanostructured Superconductors / M. Graetzel ; P
Synthesis and Processing / H.G. Jiang ; M.L. Lau ; V.L. Telkamp ; and E.J. LaverniaVolume 1:
Synthesis of Nanostructured Coatings by High Velocity Oxygen Fuel Thermal Spraying / K.E. Gonsalves ; S.P. Rangarajan ; J. Wang
Chemical Synthesis of Nanostructured Metals, Metal Alloys, and Semiconductors / J. Costa
Synthesis and Processing / H.G. Jiang ; M.L. Lau ; V.L. Telkamp ; and E.J. LaverniaVolume 1:
Synthesis of Nanostructured Coatings by High Velocity Oxygen Fuel Thermal Spraying / K.E. Gonsalves ; S.P. Rangarajan ; J. Wang
Chemical Synthesis of Nanostructured Metals, Metal Alloys, and Semiconductors / J. Costa
Nanoparticles from Low-Pressure and Low-Temperature Plasma / C.D. Johnson ; M. Noh ; H. Sellinschegg ; R. Schneidmiller ; D.C. Johnson
Kinetic Control of Inorganic Solid State Reactions Resulting from Mechanistic Studies Using Elementally Modulated Reactants / E.J. Gonzalez ; G.J. Piermarini
Low Temperature Compaction on Nanosize Powders / W.H. Weinberg ; C.M. Reaves ; B.Z. Nosho ; R.I. Pelzel ; S.P. denBaars
Strained-layer Heteroepitaxy to Fabricate Self-assembled Semiconductor Islands / J.J. McClelland
Nanofabrication via Atom Optics / K.C. Kwaitkowski ; C.M. Lukehart
Nanocomposites Prepared by Sol-Gel Methods: Synthesis and Characterization / Q. Yitai
Chemical Preparation and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Materials / D.J. Duval ; S.H. Risbud
Semiconductors Quantum Dots-Progress in Processing / I.T.H. Chang
Rapid Solidification Processing of Nanocrystalline Metallic Alloys / K.L. Choy
Vapor Processing of Nanostructured Materials
Spectroscopy and Theory / J.M. Cowley ; J.C.H. SpenceVolume 2:
Nanodiffraction / M.-I. Baraton
FT-IR Surface Spectrometry of Nanosized Particles / P. Milani ; C.E. Bottani
Vibrational Spectroscopy of Mesoscopic Systems / R.M. Taylor II ; R. Superfine
Advanced Interfaces to Scanning-probe Microscopes / R. Blick
Microwave Spectroscopy on Quantum Dots / E. Meyer ; R. Luthi
Tribological Experiments with Friction Force Microscopy / M. J. Yacaman ; J.A. Ascencia
Electron Microscopy Techniques Applied to Study of Nanostructured Materials and Ancient Materials / K. Ounadjela ; R.L. Stamps
Mesoscopic Magnetism in Metals / D.J. Whitehouse
Tools of Nanotechnology: Nanometrology / V.Gasparian ; M. Ortuno ; G. Schon ; U. Simon
Tunneling Times in Nanostructures / S.B. Sinnott
Theory of Atomic-Scale Friction / D. Ahn
Theoretical Aspects of Strained-layer Quantum-Well Lasers / L.R. Ram Mohan ; I. Vurgaftman ; J.R. Meyer
Wavefunction Engineering: A New Paradigm in Quantum Nanostructure Modeling
Electrical Properties / J. Smolines ; G. PlonerVolume 3:
Electron Transport and Confining Potentials in Semiconductor Nanostructures / M.A. Reed ; J.W. Sleight ; M.R. Deshpande
Electron Transport Properties of Quantum Dots
Electrical Properties of Chemically Tailored Nanoparticles and Their Applications in Microelectronics / R.P. Andres ; S. Datta ; D.B. Janes ; C.P. Kubiak ; R. Reifenberger
Design, Fabrication, and Electronic Properties of Self-assembled Molecular Nanostructures / T.P. Sidiki ; C.M. Sotomayor Torres
Silicon-based Nanostructures / P.V. Kamat ; K. Murakoshi ; Y. Wada ; S. Yanagida
Semiconductor Nanoparticles / F.M. Peeters ; J. DeBoeck
Hybrid Magnetic-Semiconductor Nanostructures / O.I. Micic ; A.J. Nozik
Colloidal Quantum Dots of III-V Semiconductors / V.V. Moshchalkov ; Y. Bruynseraede ; L. Van Look ; M.J. Van Bael ; A. Tonomura
Quantization and Confinement Phenomena in Nanostructured Superconductors / M. Graetzel ; P
Synthesis and Processing / H.G. Jiang ; M.L. Lau ; V.L. Telkamp ; and E.J. LaverniaVolume 1:
Synthesis of Nanostructured Coatings by High Velocity Oxygen Fuel Thermal Spraying / K.E. Gonsalves ; S.P. Rangarajan ; J. Wang
Chemical Synthesis of Nanostructured Metals, Metal Alloys, and Semiconductors / J. Costa
Synthesis and Processing / H.G. Jiang ; M.L. Lau ; V.L. Telkamp ; and E.J. LaverniaVolume 1:
Synthesis of Nanostructured Coatings by High Velocity Oxygen Fuel Thermal Spraying / K.E. Gonsalves ; S.P. Rangarajan ; J. Wang
Chemical Synthesis of Nanostructured Metals, Metal Alloys, and Semiconductors / J. Costa
Nanoparticles from Low-Pressure and Low-Temperature Plasma / C.D. Johnson ; M. Noh ; H. Sellinschegg ; R. Schneidmiller ; D.C. Johnson
Kinetic Control of Inorganic Solid State Reactions Resulting from Mechanistic Studies Using Elementally Modulated Reactants / E.J. Gonzalez ; G.J. Piermarini
Low Temperature Compaction on Nanosize Powders / W.H. Weinberg ; C.M. Reaves ; B.Z. Nosho ; R.I. Pelzel ; S.P. denBaars
Strained-layer Heteroepitaxy to Fabricate Self-assembled Semiconductor Islands / J.J. McClelland
Nanofabrication via Atom Optics / K.C. Kwaitkowski ; C.M. Lukehart
Nanocomposites Prepared by Sol-Gel Methods: Synthesis and Characterization / Q. Yitai
Chemical Preparation and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Materials / D.J. Duval ; S.H. Risbud
Semiconductors Quantum Dots-Progress in Processing / I.T.H. Chang
Rapid Solidification Processing of Nanocrystalline Metallic Alloys / K.L. Choy
Vapor Processing of Nanostructured Materials
Spectroscopy and Theory / J.M. Cowley ; J.C.H. SpenceVolume 2:
Nanodiffraction / M.-I. Baraton
FT-IR Surface Spectrometry of Nanosized Particles / P. Milani ; C.E. Bottani
Vibrational Spectroscopy of Mesoscopic Systems / R.M. Taylor II ; R. Superfine
Advanced Interfaces to Scanning-probe Microscopes / R. Blick
Microwave Spectroscopy on Quantum Dots / E. Meyer ; R. Luthi
Tribological Experiments with Friction Force Microscopy / M. J. Yacaman ; J.A. Ascencia
Electron Microscopy Techniques Applied to Study of Nanostructured Materials and Ancient Materials / K. Ounadjela ; R.L. Stamps
Mesoscopic Magnetism in Metals / D.J. Whitehouse
Tools of Nanotechnology: Nanometrology / V.Gasparian ; M. Ortuno ; G. Schon ; U. Simon
Tunneling Times in Nanostructures / S.B. Sinnott
Theory of Atomic-Scale Friction / D. Ahn
Theoretical Aspects of Strained-layer Quantum-Well Lasers / L.R. Ram Mohan ; I. Vurgaftman ; J.R. Meyer
Wavefunction Engineering: A New Paradigm in Quantum Nanostructure Modeling
Electrical Properties / J. Smolines ; G. PlonerVolume 3:
Electron Transport and Confining Potentials in Semiconductor Nanostructures / M.A. Reed ; J.W. Sleight ; M.R. Deshpande
Electron Transport Properties of Quantum Dots
Electrical Properties of Chemically Tailored Nanoparticles and Their Applications in Microelectronics / R.P. Andres ; S. Datta ; D.B. Janes ; C.P. Kubiak ; R. Reifenberger
Design, Fabrication, and Electronic Properties of Self-assembled Molecular Nanostructures / T.P. Sidiki ; C.M. Sotomayor Torres
Silicon-based Nanostructures / P.V. Kamat ; K. Murakoshi ; Y. Wada ; S. Yanagida
Semiconductor Nanoparticles / F.M. Peeters ; J. DeBoeck
Hybrid Magnetic-Semiconductor Nanostructures / O.I. Micic ; A.J. Nozik
Colloidal Quantum Dots of III-V Semiconductors / V.V. Moshchalkov ; Y. Bruynseraede ; L. Van Look ; M.J. Van Bael ; A. Tonomura
Quantization and Confinement Phenomena in Nanostructured Superconductors / M. Graetzel ; P
Synthesis and Processing / H.G. Jiang ; M.L. Lau ; V.L. Telkamp ; and E.J. LaverniaVolume 1:
Synthesis of Nanostructured Coatings by High Velocity Oxygen Fuel Thermal Spraying / K.E. Gonsalves ; S.P. Rangarajan ; J. Wang
Chemical Synthesis of Nanostructured Metals, Metal Alloys, and Semiconductors / J. Costa
Synthesis and Processing / H.G. Jiang ; M.L. Lau ; V.L. Telkamp ; and E.J. LaverniaVolume 1:
Synthesis of Nanostructured Coatings by High Velocity Oxygen Fuel Thermal Spraying / K.E. Gonsalves ; S.P. Rangarajan ; J. Wang
Chemical Synthesis of Nanostructured Metals, Metal Alloys, and Semiconductors / J. Costa
Nanoparticles from Low-Pressure and Low-Temperature Plasma / C.D. Johnson ; M. Noh ; H. Sellinschegg ; R. Schneidmiller ; D.C. Johnson
Kinetic Control of Inorganic Solid State Reactions Resulting from Mechanistic Studies Using Elementally Modulated Reactants / E.J. Gonzalez ; G.J. Piermarini
Low Temperature Compaction on Nanosize Powders / W.H. Weinberg ; C.M. Reaves ; B.Z. Nosho ; R.I. Pelzel ; S.P. denBaars
Strained-layer Heteroepitaxy to Fabricate Self-assembled Semiconductor Islands / J.J. McClelland
Nanofabrication via Atom Optics / K.C. Kwaitkowski ; C.M. Lukehart
Nanocomposites Prepared by Sol-Gel Methods: Synthesis and Characterization / Q. Yitai
Chemical Preparation and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Materials / D.J. Duval ; S.H. Risbud
Semiconductors Quantum Dots-Progress in Processing / I.T.H. Chang
Rapid Solidification Processing of Nanocrystalline Metallic Alloys / K.L. Choy
Vapor Processing of Nanostructured Materials
Spectroscopy and Theory / J.M. Cowley ; J.C.H. SpenceVolume 2:
Nanodiffraction / M.-I. Baraton
FT-IR Surface Spectrometry of Nanosized Particles / P. Milani ; C.E. Bottani
Vibrational Spectroscopy of Mesoscopic Systems / R.M. Taylor II ; R. Superfine
Advanced Interfaces to Scanning-probe Microscopes / R. Blick
Microwave Spectroscopy on Quantum Dots / E. Meyer ; R. Luthi
Tribological Experiments with Friction Force Microscopy / M. J. Yacaman ; J.A. Ascencia
Electron Microscopy Techniques Applied to Study of Nanostructured Materials and Ancient Materials / K. Ounadjela ; R.L. Stamps
Mesoscopic Magnetism in Metals / D.J. Whitehouse
Tools of Nanotechnology: Nanometrology / V.Gasparian ; M. Ortuno ; G. Schon ; U. Simon
Tunneling Times in Nanostructures / S.B. Sinnott
Theory of Atomic-Scale Friction / D. Ahn
Theoretical Aspects of Strained-layer Quantum-Well Lasers / L.R. Ram Mohan ; I. Vurgaftman ; J.R. Meyer
Wavefunction Engineering: A New Paradigm in Quantum Nanostructure Modeling
Electrical Properties / J. Smolines ; G. PlonerVolume 3:
Electron Transport and Confining Potentials in Semiconductor Nanostructures / M.A. Reed ; J.W. Sleight ; M.R. Deshpande
Electron Transport Properties of Quantum Dots
Electrical Properties of Chemically Tailored Nanoparticles and Their Applications in Microelectronics / R.P. Andres ; S. Datta ; D.B. Janes ; C.P. Kubiak ; R. Reifenberger
Design, Fabrication, and Electronic Properties of Self-assembled Molecular Nanostructures / T.P. Sidiki ; C.M. Sotomayor Torres
Silicon-based Nanostructures / P.V. Kamat ; K. Murakoshi ; Y. Wada ; S. Yanagida
Semiconductor Nanoparticles / F.M. Peeters ; J. DeBoeck
Hybrid Magnetic-Semiconductor Nanostructures / O.I. Micic ; A.J. Nozik
Colloidal Quantum Dots of III-V Semiconductors / V.V. Moshchalkov ; Y. Bruynseraede ; L. Van Look ; M.J. Van Bael ; A. Tonomura
Quantization and Confinement Phenomena in Nanostructured Superconductors / M. Graetzel ; P
Synthesis and Processing / H.G. Jiang ; M.L. Lau ; V.L. Telkamp ; and E.J. LaverniaVolume 1:
Synthesis of Nanostructured Coatings by High Velocity Oxygen Fuel Thermal Spraying / K.E. Gonsalves ; S.P. Rangarajan ; J. Wang
Chemical Synthesis of Nanostructured Metals, Metal Alloys, and Semiconductors / J. Costa
Synthesis and Processing / H.G. Jiang ; M.L. Lau ; V.L. Telkamp ; and E.J. LaverniaVolume 1:
Synthesis of Nanostructured Coatings by High Velocity Oxygen Fuel Thermal Spraying / K.E. Gonsalves ; S.P. Rangarajan ; J. Wang
Chemical Synthesis of Nanostructured Metals, Metal Alloys, and Semiconductors / J. Costa
Nanoparticles from Low-Pressure and Low-Temperature Plasma / C.D. Johnson ; M. Noh ; H. Sellinschegg ; R. Schneidmiller ; D.C. Johnson
Kinetic Control of Inorganic Solid State Reactions Resulting from Mechanistic Studies Using Elementally Modulated Reactants / E.J. Gonzalez ; G.J. Piermarini
Low Temperature Compaction on Nanosize Powders / W.H. Weinberg ; C.M. Reaves ; B.Z. Nosho ; R.I. Pelzel ; S.P. denBaars
Strained-layer Heteroepitaxy to Fabricate Self-assembled Semiconductor Islands / J.J. McClelland
Nanofabrication via Atom Optics / K.C. Kwaitkowski ; C.M. Lukehart
Nanocomposites Prepared by Sol-Gel Methods: Synthesis and Characterization / Q. Yitai
Chemical Preparation and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Materials / D.J. Duval ; S.H. Risbud
Semiconductors Quantum Dots-Progress in Processing / I.T.H. Chang
Rapid Solidification Processing of Nanocrystalline Metallic Alloys / K.L. Choy
Vapor Processing of Nanostructured Materials
Spectroscopy and Theory / J.M. Cowley ; J.C.H. SpenceVolume 2:
Nanodiffraction / M.-I. Baraton
FT-IR Surface Spectrometry of Nanosized Particles / P. Milani ; C.E. Bottani
Vibrational Spectroscopy of Mesoscopic Systems / R.M. Taylor II ; R. Superfine
Advanced Interfaces to Scanning-probe Microscopes / R. Blick
Microwave Spectroscopy on Quantum Dots / E. Meyer ; R. Luthi
Tribological Experiments with Friction Force Microscopy / M. J. Yacaman ; J.A. Ascencia
Electron Microscopy Techniques Applied to Study of Nanostructured Materials and Ancient Materials / K. Ounadjela ; R.L. Stamps
Mesoscopic Magnetism in Metals / D.J. Whitehouse
Tools of Nanotechnology: Nanometrology / V.Gasparian ; M. Ortuno ; G. Schon ; U. Simon
Tunneling Times in Nanostructures / S.B. Sinnott
Theory of Atomic-Scale Friction / D. Ahn
Theoretical Aspects of Strained-layer Quantum-Well Lasers / L.R. Ram Mohan ; I. Vurgaftman ; J.R. Meyer
Wavefunction Engineering: A New Paradigm in Quantum Nanostructure Modeling
Electrical Properties / J. Smolines ; G. PlonerVolume 3:
Electron Transport and Confining Potentials in Semiconductor Nanostructures / M.A. Reed ; J.W. Sleight ; M.R. Deshpande
Electron Transport Properties of Quantum Dots
Electrical Properties of Chemically Tailored Nanoparticles and Their Applications in Microelectronics / R.P. Andres ; S. Datta ; D.B. Janes ; C.P. Kubiak ; R. Reifenberger
Design, Fabrication, and Electronic Properties of Self-assembled Molecular Nanostructures / T.P. Sidiki ; C.M. Sotomayor Torres
Silicon-based Nanostructures / P.V. Kamat ; K. Murakoshi ; Y. Wada ; S. Yanagida
Semiconductor Nanoparticles / F.M. Peeters ; J. DeBoeck
Hybrid Magnetic-Semiconductor Nanostructures / O.I. Micic ; A.J. Nozik
Colloidal Quantum Dots of III-V Semiconductors / V.V. Moshchalkov ; Y. Bruynseraede ; L. Van Look ; M.J. Van Bael ; A. Tonomura
Quantization and Confinement Phenomena in Nanostructured Superconductors / M. Graetzel ; P
Synthesis and Processing / H.G. Jiang ; M.L. Lau ; V.L. Telkamp ; and E.J. LaverniaVolume 1:
Synthesis of Nanostructured Coatings by High Velocity Oxygen Fuel Thermal Spraying / K.E. Gonsalves ; S.P. Rangarajan ; J. Wang
Chemical Synthesis of Nanostructured Metals, Metal Alloys, and Semiconductors / J. Costa
Towards an ontological framework for knowledge-based design systems / Flavio Varejao ; Credine De Menezes ; Ana Cristina Garcia ; Clarisse De Souza ; Markus Fromherz
Knowledge modeling in design - the MOKA framework / Rudiger Klein
Expressing regulatory design knowledge for critiquing intelligent design assistants / Marian Ursu ; Peter Hammond
Knowledge Management for Design / Part 3:
Towards a systematic repository of knowledge about managing collaborative design conflicts / Mark Klein
Managing knowledge in dispersed design companies facilitating context-driven design support through multiple perspectives / Paul A. Rodgers ; Nicholas H. M. Caldwell ; P. John Clarkson ; Avon Huxor
An integrated development environment for the design and maintenance of large configuration knowledge bases / Alexander Felfernig ; Gerard Friedrich ; Dietmar Jannach ; Markus Stumptner
Shapes in Design / Part 4:
Shape grammer-based expert systems for engineering design / Manish Agarwal ; Jonathan Cagan
Categorisation of shapes using shape features / Soo-Hoon Park ; John S. Gero
Representations from generative systems / Alexander Koutamanis
Evolutionary Systems in Design / Part 5:
Interactive evolutionary conceptual design systems / Ian Parmee ; Dragan Cvetkovic ; Christopher Bonham ; Andrew H. Watson
Fully automated design and manufacture of real machines / Hod Lipson ; Jordan B. Pollack
Evolutionary structured planning / Charles Bezerra ; Charles L. Owen
Process-Based Reasoning in Design / Part 6:
Structural engineering support through constraint satisfaction / Esther Gelle ; Boi V. Faltings ; Ian F. C. Smith
Signposting for design process improvement / John Clarkson ; Andres Melo ; Andy Connor
Building design support by soft computing / Ozer Ciftcioglu ; Sanja Durmisevic ; Elma Durmisevic ; Sevil Sariyildiz
Case-Based Reasoning in Design / Part 7:
Design case retrieval by generic representations / Henri H. Achten
Characterising evolutionary design case adaption / Andres Gomez De Silva Garza ; Mary Lou Maher
Exposures to examples / Ann Heylighen ; Ilse M. Verstunen
Learning in Design / Part 8:
Design heuristics extraction / Peter Matthews ; Ken M. Wallace ; Lucienne T. M. Blessing
Evaluating a model of learning in design using protocol analysis / Siang K. Sim ; Alex H. B. Duffy
Discovery of design methodologies / Cirrus Shakeri ; David C. Brown ; Mohammad N. Noori
Exploration and Generation in Design / Part 9:
A framework for concept generation and exploration / Ying-Chieh Liu ; Amaresh Chrabarti ; Thomas Bligh
Erasure in design space exploration / Robert Woodbury ; Sambit Datta ; Andrew Burrow
A design representation to support automated design generation / Jeff Heisserman ; Sean Callahan ; Raju Mattikalli
Context in Design / Part 10:
Reminding and context in design / Charles Charlton ; Ken Wallace
Computational situated learning in design / Rabee Reffat
Reasoning with design rationale / Janet Burge
Agent-Based Design Systems / Part 11:
Deliberate evolution in multi-agent systems / Frances M. T Brazier ; Catholijn M. Jonker ; Jan Treur ; Niek J. E. Wijngaards
Expectation formation in multi-agent systems / Dan L. Grecu
Development of an intelligent agent for the design of local area networks / Hadi Rezazad ; Gheorghe Tecuci
Meaning mediated mechanism: A prototype for constructing and negotiating meaning in collaborative design / John Haymaker ; Edith Ackermann ; Martin Fischer
Membrane Case Studies, Past, Present and Future / J.S. Taylor ; S.J. Duranceau
Sea Water Reverse Osmosis - The Largest Plant in British Waters / N. Marsh ; J. Howard ; F. Finlayson ; S. Rybar
Drinking Water Sources in Kuwait / M. Safar ; Y. Al-Wazzan
Nanofiltration for Colour Removal - 7 Years Operational Experience in Scotland / E. Irvine ; A.B.F. Grose ; D. Welch ; A. Donn
Ultrafiltration for 90 MLD Cryptosporidium- and Giardia-free Drinking Water . A Case Study of the Yorkshire Water Keldgate Plant / F.N.M. Knops ; B. Franklin
Application of a New Generation Microfiltration Process for Large Scale Water and Wastewater Treatment / W.T. Johnson ; A. Patterson
Water Quality and Treatment
The UK System of Approval of Products Used in Contact with Drinking Water / T. Ogunbiyi
Immersed Membranes for Drinking Water Production / P. Cote ; C. Gungerich ; U. Mende
Phosphate and Iron Removal from Seepage and Surface Water by Microfiltration / J.A.M.H. Hofman ; N.C. Wortel ; E.T. Baars ; J.P. van der Hoek
Reuse of Filter Backwash Water as a Source for Drinking Water Production: Piloting and Implementation of a Full-scale Ultrafiltration Plant / A. Brugger ; K. Vossenkaul ; T. Melin ; R. Rautenbach ; B. Golling ; U. Jacobs ; P. Ohlenforst
Improved Performance of Drinking Water Microfiltration with Hybrid Particle Pre-treatment / T. Carroll ; N. Booker
River Trent On Tap -- Comparison of Conventional and Membrane Treatment Processes / B.E. Drage ; J.E. Upton ; P. Holden ; J.Q. Marchant
The Use of Electrodialysis at Amsterdam Water Supply / P.A.C. Bonne ; D.O. Rijnbende
Applying Electrodialysis (EDR) Technology to Underground Water Treatment / E. Sgarbi
Nanofiltration for Drinking Water Treatment from a Eutrophied Lake in Taiwan / H.-H. Yeh ; S.-H. Lin ; S.-J. Kao ; G.T. Wang
Fouling and Cleaning
Membranes and Microorganisms -- Love at First Sight and the Consequences / H.-C. Flemming
Optimising Membrane Performance -- Practical Experiences / L.Y. Dudley ; F. del Vigo Pisano ; M. Fazel
Fouling Characteristics of Membrane Filtration in Membrane Bioreactors / M.H. Thomas ; S.J. Judd ; J. Murrer
Cleaning of Membranes in Water and Wastewater Applications / R. Krack
Water Reuse
Water Reuse for the Next Millennium -- Membrane Treatment at the Millennium Dome / J.H. Khow ; A.J. Smith ; A. Rachwal ; C.V. Meadowcroft
Wastewater Reclamation Case Studies, the Benefits of Outsourced Membrane Systems / D. Threlfall
Comparison between Different Out-to-in Filtration MF/UF Membranes for the Re-use of Biologically Treated Wastewater Effluent / E. Van Houtte ; J. Verbauwhede ; F. Vanlerberghe ; J. Cabooter
Industrial Applications
Sulphate Removal Membrane Technology: Application to the Janice Field / G.H. Mellor ; R.C.W. Weston ; G.F. Bavister ; A. White
Sasol's Experience in the Desalination and Re-use of Acid Mine Drainage and Ash Water / J.G. Nieuwenhuis ; G.H. Du Plessis ; M.P. Augustyn ; B. Steytler ; A.J. Viljoen ; I.W. Van Der Merwe
Recovery of Wool Scouring Effluent Utilising Membrane Bioreator (MBR) Technology as Part of the Activated Sludge System followed by Two-stage Reverse Osmosis (RO) Membrane Concentration / A.R. Bennett
Performance on a Real Industrial Effluent using a ZenoGem MBR / D. Mallon ; F. Steen ; K. Brindle
Membrane Technology in Wood, Pulp and Paper Industries / J. Wagner
Case Studies of Wastewater Re-use for Petrochemical, Power and Paper Industry / B. Durham
Posters
Practical Experience with a Membrane Bioreactor for Wastewater Treatmentsemi-cross-flow Ultrafiltration / S. Gei[sz ligature]ler ; Th. Melin ; P. Ohle ; E. Brands ; M. Dohmann
Treating Highly Coloured Waters: Design Innovations and Implications
Treatment of Leachate by the MBR Process (Membrane Bioreactor) / A.H. Robinson
Operation of a Zero Discharge Wood Pulp Effluent Treatment Plant / G. Bateman
Integration of Maintenance and Operation into the Design of Reverse Osmosis Membrane Networks / H.J. See ; V.S. Vassiliadis ; D.I. Wilson
Microfiltration and Reverse Osmosis of Knostrop Final Effluent / M. Barton
Modelling Temperature and Concentration Polarisation in Ultrafiltration of Non-Newtonian Fluid under Non-isothermal Conditions / S.P. Agashichev
Novel Methods of Hollow Fibre Membrane Integrity Monitoring / S. Williams ; A.J. Merry
Comparison of Chemical Pretreatment Methods for Nanofiltration of Cold, Soft and Humic Waters / J. Yli-Kuivila ; R. Liikanen ; R. Laukkanen
In-situ Ultrasonic Measurement of Fouling and Cleaning Processes in Spiral-wound Membrane Modules / G.-Y. Chai ; A.R. Greenberg ; W.B. Krantz
A Novel Way to Treat Textile Wastewater with Nanofiltration and Adsorption / L. Eilers
Case Studies
Membrane Case Studies, Past, Present and Future / J.S. Taylor ; S.J. Duranceau
Sea Water Reverse Osmosis - The Largest Plant in British Waters / N. Marsh ; J. Howard ; F. Finlayson ; S. Rybar