| Nomenclature |
| Aspect Ratio / 21： |
| Introduction / 21.1： |
| Horseshoe-swirl system / 21.2： |
| Laminar boundary layer / 21.2.1： |
| Oscillating horseshoe-swirl system / 21.2.2： |
| Turbulent boundary layer / 21.2.3： |
| Closed test section / 21.3： |
| Steady laminar wake, L2 regime / 21.3.1： |
| Periodic laminar wake, L3 regime / 21.3.2： |
| Cylinder spanning the free jet / 21.4： |
| Transition-in-shear layer, TrSL state / 21.4.1： |
| End plates / 21.5： |
| Laminar periodic wake, L3 regime / 21.5.1： |
| Effect of a single end plate / 21.5.2： |
| Effect of two end plates / 21.5.3： |
| Transition-in-wake, TrW, state / 21.5.4： |
| Transition-in-shear-layer, TrSL, state / 21.5.5： |
| Small aspect ratio / 21.5.6： |
| Fluctuating force / 21.5.7： |
| Transition-in-boundary layer, TrBL, state / 21.5.8： |
| Free water surface / 21.6： |
| Towed cylinder in water at low Re / 21.6.1： |
| Theoretical modelling / 21.7： |
| The Landau model / 21.7.1： |
| Extension of Landau's model / 21.7.2： |
| Other theoretical models / 21.7.3： |
| Free end / 21.8： |
| Secondary flow at the free end / 21.8.1： |
| Spanwise variation in mean pressure / 21.8.3： |
| Spanwise variation in the local drag coefficient / 21.8.4： |
| Spanwise fluctuating pressure and lift / 21.8.5： |
| Strouhal number variation along the span / 21.8.6： |
| Symmetric eddy street / 21.8.7： |
| Short cylinder in a boundary layer / 21.8.8： |
| Finite cylinder in the TrBL4 regime / 21.8.9： |
| Eddy shedding near the free end / 21.8.10： |
| Local fluctuating lift and drag / 21.8.11： |
| Finite cylinder in natural wind / 21.8.12： |
| Fuel storage tank / 21.8.13： |
| Two free ends / 21.9： |
| Drag variation in terms of the aspect ratio / 21.9.1： |
| Asymmetric pressure distribution / 21.9.2： |
| Small aspect ratio, L/D [less than sign] 1 / 21.9.3： |
| Surface Roughness and Change in Diameter / 22： |
| Nature of surface roughness / 22.1： |
| Fage and Warsap's glass paper tests / 22.1.2： |
| Skin friction distribution / 22.1.3： |
| Strouhal number variation / 22.1.4： |
| Correlation length and vorticity dispersion / 22.1.5： |
| Surface roughness textures / 22.2： |
| Pyramidal roughness / 22.2.1： |
| Brick-wall roughness / 22.2.2： |
| Wire-gauze roughness / 22.2.3： |
| Marine roughness / 22.2.4： |
| Partially roughened surface / 22.2.5： |
| Roughness Reynolds number / 22.2.6： |
| Tripping wires / 22.3： |
| Historical introduction / 22.3.1： |
| Fage and Warsap's tripping wire tests / 22.3.2： |
| Effect of tripping wire location / 22.3.3.： |
| Classification of flow regimes / 22.3.4： |
| Staggered separation wires / 22.3.5： |
| Tripping and separation wires / 22.3.6： |
| Helical wires and strakes / 22.3.7： |
| Stranded cables and conductors / 22.3.8： |
| Tripping spheres / 22.4： |
| Pairs of spheres / 22.4.1： |
| Spanwise row of spheres / 22.4.2： |
| Other surface disturbances / 22.5： |
| Streamwise eddy generators / 22.5.1： |
| Serrated saw-blade / 22.5.2： |
| Dimpled surface / 22.5.3： |
| Spanwise slit / 22.5.4： |
| Fins / 22.5.5： |
| Circumferential grooves / 22.5.6： |
| Skin friction and boundary layer / 22.5.7： |
| Partly grooved surface / 22.5.8： |
| Spanwise grooves / 22.5.9： |
| Change in diameter / 22.6： |
| Laminar periodic wake, the L3 regime / 22.6.1： |
| Transition-in-shear-layer, the TrSL state / 22.6.3： |
| Step interference in the TrSL3 regime / 22.6.4： |
| Tapered cylinder / 22.7： |
| Shedding cells along the span / 22.7.1： |
| Theoretical model / 22.7.3： |
| Turbulent wake, the TrSL state / 22.7.4： |
| Tapered cylinder with free end / 22.7.5： |
| Non-linear change in diameter / 22.8： |
| Cooling towers / 22.8.1： |
| Model tests / 22.8.3： |
| Validity of Re extrapolation / 22.8.4： |
| Surface roughness / 22.8.5： |
| Meridional ribs / 22.8.6： |
| Cooling tower model in a gust / 22.8.7： |
| Full-scale tests in natural wind / 22.8.8： |
| Possible causes of the Ferrybridge failure / 22.8.9： |
| Blockage and Wall Proximity / 23： |
| Laminar, L, state of flow / 23.1： |
| Creeping flow, the L1 regime / 23.2.1： |
| Closed near-wake, the L2 regime / 23.2.2： |
| Instability of the near-wake / 23.2.3： |
| Transition in shear layers, the TrSL state of flow / 23.2.4： |
| Mechanics of blockage / 23.3.1： |
| Mean pressure distribution and drag / 23.3.2： |
| Strouhal number and fluctuating pressure / 23.3.3： |
| Suppression of eddy shedding / 23.3.4： |
| Strength and correlation of eddies / 23.3.5： |
| Effect of free stream turbulence / 23.3.6： |
| Transition in the boundary layer, the TrBL state / 23.4： |
| Drag variation with blockage / 23.4.1： |
| Strouhal number and fluctuating force / 23.4.3： |
| Theoretical correction models / 23.5： |
| Fage's blockage correction / 23.5.1： |
| Lock's method of images / 23.5.3： |
| Glauert's semi-empirical formula / 23.5.4： |
| Allen and Vincenti's source model / 23.5.5： |
| Maskell's correction model / 23.5.6： |
| Modi and El-Sherbiny's streamline model / 23.5.7： |
| Asymmetric blockage / 23.6： |
| Laminar wake / 23.6.1： |
| Turbulent wake / 23.6.2： |
| Proximity to a boundary / 23.7： |
| Contact regime / 23.7.1： |
| Potential flow for a circle on a boundary / 23.7.4： |
| Narrow-gap regime / 23.7.5： |
| Wide-gap regime / 23.7.6： |
| Effect of wall boundary layer / 23.7.7： |
| Erodible boundary, scour / 23.8： |
| Scouring mechanism / 23.8.1： |
| Forces and Strouhal number / 23.8.2： |
| Boundary Layer Control / 24： |
| Rotating cylinder / 24.1： |
| Magnus effect / 24.2.1： |
| Classification of flow patterns / 24.2.2： |
| Prandtl's concept of circulation / 24.2.3： |
| Potential flow theory / 24.2.4： |
| Bickley's potential model / 24.2.5： |
| Effect of Reynolds number / 24.3： |
| Laminar, L3, and transitional, TrW, wakes / 24.3.1： |
| Pressure distribution in the TrSL state / 24.3.2： |
| Inversion of the Magnus effect / 24.3.3： |
| Boundary layer / 24.3.4： |
| Strouhal number / 24.3.5： |
| Effect of end plates / 24.3.6： |
| Effect of surface roughness and fins / 24.3.7： |
| Far-wake development / 24.3.8： |
| Applications / 24.4： |
| Flettner's rotor ship / 24.4.1： |
| Rotor windmill / 24.4.2： |
| Madaras Power Plant Project / 24.4.3： |
| Wallis's 'dam-buster' / 24.4.4： |
| Rotary angular oscillation of a surface / 24.5： |
| Physical background / 24.5.1： |
| Laminar L2 and L3 regimes / 24.5.2： |
| A solution of Navier-Stokes equations / 24.5.3： |
| Forced rotary oscillation eddy shedding / 24.5.4： |
| Concentric rotating cylinders / 24.6： |
| Taylor's theory and experiment / 24.6.1： |
| Coles' further transitions / 24.6.3： |
| Boundary layer control by suction and blowing / 24.6.4： |
| Suction / 24.7.1： |
| Porous surface suction / 24.7.2： |
| Thwaites' flap / 24.7.3： |
| Jet-blowing / 24.7.4： |
| Lift and drag forces / 24.7.5： |
| Dunham's theoretical model / 24.7.6： |
| Yawed Cylinders / 25： |
| Independence principle / 25.1： |
| Laminar wakes in the L2 and L3 regimes / 25.2： |
| Effect of end plate / 25.2.1： |
| Free-ended and yawed cylinders / 25.2.3： |
| Transition-in-shear layers, TrSL, state / 25.3： |
| Eddy formation region and base pressure / 25.3.1： |
| Elliptic cross-section / 25.3.2： |
| Effect of the aspect ratio / 25.3.3： |
| Skin friction / 25.3.5： |
| Drag coefficient / 25.3.6： |
| Turbulent wakes in the TrBL state / 25.4： |
| Marine surface roughness / 25.4.1： |
| High angle of incidence / 25.4.2： |
| Impulsive cross-flow analogy / 25.5.1： |
| Strength of detached vortices / 25.5.3： |
| Normal and side force components / 25.5.4： |
| Effect of Mach number / 25.5.5： |
| Detachment instability / 25.5.7： |
| Suppression of eddy detachment / 25.5.8： |
| Two Cylinders / 26： |
| Basic interference flow regimes / 26.1： |
| Tandem arrangements / 26.2： |
| Creeping flow regime, L1 / 26.2.1： |
| Karman-Benard street, L3 regime / 26.2.2： |
| Early research in the TrSL state of flow / 26.2.3： |
| Modification of pressure distribution / 26.2.4： |
| Drag coefficients / 26.2.5： |
| Transition-in-boundary-layer, TrBL, state / 26.2.7： |
| Effect of surface roughness / 26.2.8： |
| Effect of finite height / 26.2.10： |
| Effect of heat transfer / 26.2.11： |
| Side-by-side arrangements / 26.3： |
| Classification of interference regimes / 26.3.1： |
| Laminar wakes / 26.3.2： |
| Drag and lift forces / 26.3.3： |
| Origin of biased gap flow / 26.3.5： |
| Effect of partition plate and sound / 26.3.6： |
| Landweber's theoretical model / 26.3.7： |
| Staggered arrangements / 26.3.8： |
| Classification of interference flows / 26.4.1： |
| Mean pressure distribution in the TrSL state / 26.4.2： |
| Lift and drag in the TrSL state / 26.4.4： |
| Gap flow interference regime / 26.4.5： |
| Wake displacement interference regime / 26.4.6： |
| Stranded conductors / 26.4.7： |
| Effect of the finite aspect ratio / 26.4.11： |
| Twin cooling towers / 26.4.12： |
| Two cylinders of unequal diameter / 26.5： |
| Categorization of arrangements / 26.5.1： |
| Tandem cylinders, D[subscript 1]/D[subscript 2] [less than sign] 1 / 26.5.2： |
| Tandem cylinders, D[subscript 1]/D[subscript 2] [greater than sign] 1 / 26.5.3： |
| Strouhal number for tandem cylinders / 26.5.4： |
| Synchronization of eddy shedding / 26.5.5： |
| Unequal side-by-side cylinders / 26.5.6： |
| Control cylinder upstream / 26.5.7： |
| Control cylinder outside laminar wake / 26.5.8： |
| Boundary layer control / 26.5.9： |
| Free shear layer control / 26.5.10： |
| Two cylinders crossing at right angles / 26.6： |
| Local pressure and forces along cylinders / 26.6.1： |
| Tentative topology / 26.6.3： |
| Two intersecting cylinders / 26.6.4： |
| Effect of gap between cylinders / 26.6.5： |
| Cylinder Clusters / 27： |
| Three cylinders / 27.1： |
| In-line clusters / 27.2.1： |
| Effect of tripping wires / 27.2.2： |
| Three cylinders of different diameters / 27.2.3： |
| Side-by-side and staggered clusters / 27.2.4： |
| Triangle clusters at low Re / 27.2.5： |
| Triangle clusters, forces / 27.2.6： |
| Triangle clusters, Strouhal number / 27.2.7： |
| Irregular triangle clusters / 27.2.8： |
| Four cylinders / 27.3： |
| Heat transfer / 27.3.1： |
| Side-by-side clusters / 27.3.3： |
| Square clusters, forces / 27.3.4： |
| Square clusters, Strouhal number / 27.3.5： |
| Cluster of n [greater than sign] 4 cylinders / 27.4： |
| Five cylinders, side-by-side clusters / 27.4.1： |
| Seven cylinders, side-by-side clusters / 27.4.2： |
| Six and eight cylinders, polygonal clusters / 27.4.3： |
| 3 x 3, 4 x 4, ..., n x n clusters / 27.4.4： |
| Satellite clusters / 27.5： |
| Interference parameters / 27.5.1： |
| Force on satellite clusters / 27.5.3： |
| Effect of satellite tube spacing / 27.5.4： |
| Multi-Tube Arrays / 28： |
| Categorization of tube arrays / 28.1： |
| Single row of tubes / 28.2： |
| Gap flow jets / 28.2.1： |
| Structure of non-uniform flow / 28.2.2： |
| Mean pressure distribution and forces / 28.2.3： |
| Transition to turbulence in the TrBL state / 28.2.4： |
| Metastable states of flow / 28.2.5： |
| Suppression of metastable states / 28.2.6： |
| Effect of tube proximity / 28.2.7： |
| In-line tube arrays / 28.3： |
| Mean pressure distribution / 28.3.1： |
| Fluctuating forces / 28.3.2： |
| Acoustic resonance; historical background / 28.3.3： |
| Speed of sound in tube arrays / 28.3.5： |
| Acoustic excitation and suppression / 28.3.6： |
| Owen's buffeting model / 28.3.7： |
| Interstitial flow, transition eddies / 28.3.8： |
| Instability of jet shear layers / 28.3.9： |
| Acoustic synchronization mechanism / 28.3.10： |
| Interstitial flow and turbulence / 28.3.11： |
| Classification of in-line tube arrays / 28.3.12： |
| Staggered tube arrays / 28.4： |
| Proximity effects / 28.4.1： |
| Mean and fluctuating pressure / 28.4.2： |
| Structure of interstitial flow / 28.4.3： |
| Effect of tube displacement / 28.4.4： |
| Strouhal number; historical / 28.4.5： |
| Parallel triangle tube arrays / 28.4.7： |
| Rotated square arrays / 28.4.8： |
| Normal triangle arrays / 28.4.9： |
| New universal St; a proposal / 28.4.10： |
| Maximum sound level and its prediction / 28.4.11： |
| Non-uniform flow in and behind arrays / 28.5： |
| Non-uniform interstitial flow / 28.5.1： |
| Appendix |
| Glossary of terms / A1： |
| Non-dimensional similarity parameters / A2： |
| Epitome of disturbance-free flow regimes / A3： |
| Abbreviations / A4： |
| D. References |
| Author Index |
| Subject Index |
| Nominally Two-Dimensional Cylinder In An Almost Disturbance-Free Flow / A： |
| Conceptual overview / 1： |
| Steady laminar wake / 2： |
| Periodic laminar regime / 3： |
| Transition-in-wake state / 4： |
| Transition-in-shear-layers state / 5： |
| Transition-in-boundary-layers state / 6： |
| Fully turbulent state / 7： |
| Theoretical Models / B： |
| Solutions of the N-S equations / 8： |
| Boundary layer approximation / 9： |
| Free streamline models / 10： |
| Vortex models and stability / 11： |
| Vortex sheet models / 12： |
| Miscellaneous models / 13： |
| Real Flow Effects / C： |
| Free stream turbulence / 14： |
| Non-uniform free stream / 15： |
| Compressible flow / 16： |
| Aerodynamic sound / 17： |
| Cavitation / 19： |
| Non-Newtonian fluids / 20： |
図書
