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Frank J. Owens
出版情報: Singapore : World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd., 2018  1 online resource (170 p.)
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edited by Michael T. Cox and Anita Raja ; foreword by Eric Horvitz
出版情報: Cambridge, Mass. ; London : MIT Press, c2011  1 online resource (vi, 340 p.)
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Hector J. Levesque
出版情報: Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press, c2012  1 online resource (xx, 299 p.)
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edited by Allen Thompson and Jeremy Bendik-Keymer
出版情報: Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press, c2012  1 online resource (viii, 344 p.)
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Raya Fidel
出版情報: Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press, c2012  1 online resource (xiv, 348 p.)
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Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction to Human Information Interaction / I:
Basic Concepts / 1:
What Is Human Information Interaction? / 2:
Conceptual Constructs and Themes in Information-Seeking Behavior / II:
Theoretical Constructs and Models in Information-Seeking Behavior / 3:
Information Need and the Decision Ladder / 4:
Five Search Strategies / 5:
Conceptual Traditions in Human Information Behavior / III:
Two Generations of Research / 6:
In-Context Research / 7:
Theoretical Traditions in Human Information Behavior / 8:
Human Information Behavior and Systems Design / IV:
Interlude: Models and Their Contribution to Design / 9:
Human Information Behavior and Information Retrieval: Is Collaboration Possible? / 10:
Cognitive Work Analysis: Dimensions for Analysis / 11:
Cognitive Work Analysis: Harnessing Complexity / 12:
An Ecological Approach to Information Behavior: Conclusions / V:
Enhancing the Impact of Research in Human Information Interaction / 13:
Glossary
Abbreviations
Notes
References
Index of Authors
Index of Topics
Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction to Human Information Interaction / I:
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Paul Dourish and Genevieve Bell
出版情報: Cambridge, Mass. ; London : MIT Press, c2011  1 online resource (x, 248 p.)
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Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction: The Myth and Mess of Ubiquitous Computing / 1:
Contextualizing Ubiquitous Computing / I:
Making Room for the Social and Cultural / 3:
A Role for Ethnography: Methodology and Theory / 4:
What Lies Beneath / II:
Mobility and Urbanism / 6:
Rethinking Privacy / 7:
Domesticity and Its Discontents / 8:
Reimagining Ubiquitous Computing: A Conclusion / III:
References
Index
Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction: The Myth and Mess of Ubiquitous Computing / 1:
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George R. McGhee Jr
出版情報: Cambridge, Mass. ; London : MIT Press, c2011  1 online resource (xii, 322 p.)
シリーズ名: The Vienna series in theoretical biology ;
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Series Foreword
Preface: Limited Forms Most Beautiful
What Is Convergent Evolution? / 1:
Recognizing Convergent Evolution
Convergent Evolution versus Parallel Evolution?
Evolutionary Constraint and Convergent Evolution
Mimicry, Camouflage, and Convergent Evolution
On the Organization of This Book
Convergent Animals / 2:
Locomotion
Carnivores: Prey Detection
Carnivores: Prey Capture
Herbivores: Plant Processing
Defense: Antipredator Adaptations
Organ Systems
Reproduction
Convergent Plants / 3:
Arborescence
Photoautotrophs: Light Capture
Photoautotrophs: Carbon Processing
Defense: Antiherbivore Adaptations
Defense: Antidehydration Adaptations
Convergent Ecosystems / 4:
One Ecological Role, Many Convergent Players
One Ecosystem Play, Many Convergent Casts of Actors
Isochronous and Heterochronous Ecosystem Convergence
A Periodic Table of Niches?
Convergent Molecules / 5:
Convergent Molecules?
DNA
Proteins and Protein Functions
Enzymes and Enzyme Functions
Convergent Evolution of Cellular and Tissue Structures?
Convergent Minds / 6:
Convergent Minds?
Problem-Solving Behavior
Group Behavior
Convergent Mentalities
Functional and Developmental Constraint in Convergent Evolution / 7:
Convergent Evolution in Theoretical Morphospace
Life as We Know It
Life as We Do Not Know It
A Periodic Table of Life?
Philosophical Implications of Convergent Evolution
The Argument for Unpredictability: Creative Freedom or Chaotic Randomness?
The Argument for Predictability: Comforting Certainty or Depressing Inevitability?
Judging the Arguments: Evolutionary Views on Trial
The Question of Extraterrestrial Life
In Conclusion: A Rewrite of Darwin's View of Life
A Phylogenetic Classification of Life / Appendix:
References
Index of Common Names
Index of Species
Index of Topics
Series Foreword
Preface: Limited Forms Most Beautiful
What Is Convergent Evolution? / 1:
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edited by Rogier B. Mars ... [et al.]
出版情報: Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press, c2011  1 online resource (xiii, 449 p.)
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Preface
Anatomical Basis of Control / I:
Neuroanatomical Basis of Motivational and Cognitive Control: A Focus on the Medical and Lateral Prefrontal Cortex / Jérôme Sallet ; Rogier B. Mars ; René Quilodran ; Emmanuel Procyk ; Michael Petrides ; Matthew F.S. Rushworth1:
Neural Circuits of Reward and Decision Making: Integrative Networks across Corticobasal Ganglia Loops / Suzanne N. Haber2:
Neurochemistry of Performance Monitoring / Markus Ullsperger3:
A Cortical Perspective on the Functional Basis of Control / II:
Contributions of Ventromedial Prefrontal and Frontal Polar Cortex to Reinforcement Learning and Value-Based Choice / Erie D. Boorman ; Mary Ann P. Noonan4:
Decision Making in Frontal Cortex: From Single Units to fMRI / Steven W. Kennerley ; Philippe N. Tobler5:
A Comparative Perspective on Executive and Motivational Control by the Medial Prefrontal Cortex / Mark Laubach6:
Top-Down Control over the Motor Cortex / Franz-Xaver Neubert7:
A Role for Posterior Cingulate Cortex in Policy in Switching and Cognitive Control / John M. Pearson ; Benjamin Y. Hayden ; Michael K. Platt8:
A Subcortical Perspective on the Functional Basis of Control / III:
Subcortical Contributions to the Motivational and Cognitive Control of Instrumental Performance by Pavlovian and Discriminative Stimuli / Mimi Liljeholm ; John P. O'Doherty9:
The Influence of Dopamine in Generating Action from Motivation / Mark E. Walton ; Jerylin O. Gan ; Paul E. M. Phillips10:
Fronto-Basal-Ganglia Circuits for Stopping Action / Ian Greenhouse ; Nicole C. Swann ; Adam R. Arom11:
Learning, the P3, and the Locus Coeruleus-Norepinephrine System / Sander Nieuwenhuis12:
Individual Variations in Control / IV:
The Neurocognitive Development of Social Decision Making / Wouter van den Bos ; Eveline A. Crone13:
Motivational Modulation of Action Control: How interindividual Variability May Shed Light on the Motivation-Control Interface and Its Neurocognitive Mechanisms / K. Richard Ridderinkhof ; Michael X Cohen ; Birte U. Forstmann14:
Pathological Changes in Performance Monitoring / Ellen R. A. de Bruijn15:
Computational Models of Motivational and Congnitive Control / V:
Neural Correlates of Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning / José J.F. Ribas-Fernandes ; Yael Niv ; Matthew M. Botvinick16:
Reinforcement Learning, Conflict Monitoring, and Cognitive Control: An Integrative Model of Cingulate-Striatal Interactions and the ERN / Jeffrey Cockburn ; Michael Frank17:
An Integrative Theory of Anterior Cingulate Cortex Function: Option Selection in Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning / Clay B. Holroyd ; Nick Yeung18:
Meta-Learning, Cognitive Control, and Physiological Interactions between Medial and Lateral Prefrontal Cortex / Mehdi Khamassi ; Charles R. E. Wilson ; Marie Rothé ; Peter F. Dominey19:
Wherefore a Horse Race: Inhibitory Control as Rational Decision Making / Pradeep Shenoy ; Angela J. Yu20:
Perspectives / VI:
The Neuroeconomics of Cognitive Control / Gabriele Chierchia ; Giorgio Coricelli21:
Frames of Reference in Human Social Decision Making / Laurence T. Hunt ; Timothy E. J. Behrens22:
Model-Based Approaches to the Study of the Neural Basis of Cognitive Control / Sven Bestmann23:
Contributors
Index
Preface
Anatomical Basis of Control / I:
Neuroanatomical Basis of Motivational and Cognitive Control: A Focus on the Medical and Lateral Prefrontal Cortex / Jérôme Sallet ; Rogier B. Mars ; René Quilodran ; Emmanuel Procyk ; Michael Petrides ; Matthew F.S. Rushworth1:
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edited by Lynn Margulis, Celeste A. Asikainen, and Wolfgang E. Krumbein
出版情報: Cambridge, Mass. ; London : MIT Press, c2011  1 online resource (xviii, 321 p.)
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Rafael Yuste
出版情報: Cambridge, Mass. ; London : MIT Press, c2010  1 online resource (xiv, 264 p.)
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Julian Warner
出版情報: Cambridge, Mass. ; London : MIT Press, c2010  1 online resource (viii, 189 p.)
シリーズ名: History and foundations of information science series ;
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Acknowledgments
Introduction / 1:
Selection Power and Selection Labor / 2:
Description and Search Labor / 3:
A Labor Theoretic Approach / 4:
Retrieval from Full Text / 5:
A Semantics for Retrieval from Full Text / 6:
A Syntactics for Retrieval from Full Text / 7:
Semantics and Syntactics for Retrieval from Full Text / 8:
Conclusion / 9:
Postscript
Notes
Supplementary Readings
Bibliography
Index
Acknowledgments
Introduction / 1:
Selection Power and Selection Labor / 2:
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John Bolender
出版情報: Cambridge, Mass. ; London : MIT Press, c2010  1 online resource (xiv, 190 p.)
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edited by Pablo A. Iglesias and Brian P. Ingalls
出版情報: Cambridge, Mass. ; London : MIT Press, c2010  1 online resource (ix, 345 p.)
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Preface
A Primer on Control Engineering / Brian P. Ingalls ; Pablo A. Iglesias1:
Modeling and Analysis of Stochastic Biochemical Networks / Mustafa Khammash2:
Spatial Modeling / 3:
Quantifying Properties of Cell Signaling Cascades / Simone Frey ; Olaf Wolkenhauer ; Thomas Millat4:
Control Strategies in Times of Adversity / 5:
How Organisms Survive Stressful Conditions / Hana El-Samad
Synthetic Biology / 6:
A Systems Engineering Perspective / Domitilla Del Vecchio ; Eduardo D. Sontag
Graphs and the Dynamics of Biochemical Networks / David Angeli7:
A Control-Theoretic Interpretation of Metabolic Control Analysis / 8:
Robustness and Sensitivity Analyses in Cellular Networks / Jason E. Shoemaker ; Peter S. Chang ; Eric C. Kwei ; Stephanie R. Taylor ; Francis J. Doyle III9:
Structural Robustness of Biochemical Networks / 10:
Quantifying Robustness and Identifying Fragilities / Camilla Trane ; Elling W. Jacobsen
Robustness of Oscillations in Biological Systems / Jongrae Kim ; Declan G. Bates11:
A Theory of Approximation for Stochastic Biochemical Processes / David Thorsley ; Eric Klavins12:
System-Theoretic Approaches to Network Reconstruction / Jorge Goncalves ; Sean Warnick13:
Identification of Biochemical Reaction Networks Using a Parameter-Free Coordinate System / Dirk Fey ; Rolf Findeisen ; Eric Bullinger14:
References
Contributors
Index
Preface
A Primer on Control Engineering / Brian P. Ingalls ; Pablo A. Iglesias1:
Modeling and Analysis of Stochastic Biochemical Networks / Mustafa Khammash2:
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Brian Fitzgerald ... [et al.]
出版情報: Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press, c2011  1 online resource (xxi, 164 p.)
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Introduction
Background and Definitions / 1:
A Framework for Investigating OSS Adoption / 2:
Hibernia Hospital / 3:
Südtiroler Gemeindenverband / 4:
FUNDECYT in Extremadura / 5:
Adoption of Open Standards in Massachusetts / 6:
The Italian Chamber of Deputies / 7:
Comparing the Case Studies / 8:
Notes
References
Index
Introduction
Background and Definitions / 1:
A Framework for Investigating OSS Adoption / 2:
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edited by Michael J. O'Brien and Stephen J. Shennan
出版情報: Cambridge, Mass. ; London : MIT Press, c2010  1 online resource (xi, 284 p.)
シリーズ名: The Vienna series in theoretical biology ;
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Series Foreword
Preface and Acknowledgments
Introduction / I:
Issues in Anthropological Studies of Innovation / Michael J. O'Brien ; Stephen J. Shennan1:
The Biological Substrate / II:
Innovation and Invention from a Logical Point of View / Andre Ariew2:
Comparative Perspectives on Human Innovation / Kevin N. Laland ; Simon M. Reader3:
Organismal Innovation / Jeffrey H. Schwartz4:
Innovation, Replicative Behavior, and Evolvability / 5:
Contributions from Neuroscience and Human Decision-Making Theory / Daniel O. Larson
Innovation from EvoDevo to Human Culture / Werner Callebaut6:
Cultural Inheritance / III:
The Evolution of Innovation-Enhancing Institutions / Joseph Henrich7:
Fashion versus Reason in the Creative Industries / R. Alexander Bentley8:
Demography and Variation in the Accumulation of Culturally Inherited Skills / Adam Powell ; Mark G. Thomas9:
Cultural Traditions and the Evolutionary Advantages of Noninnovation / Craig T. Palmer10:
The Experimental Study of Cultural Innovation / Alex Mesoudi11:
Social Learning, Economic Inequality, and Innovation Diffusion / Anne Kandler ; James Steele12:
Patterns in the Anthropological Record / IV:
Technological Innovations and Developmental Trajectories / 13:
Social Factors as Evolutionary Forces / Valentine Roux
Can Archaeologists Study Processes of Invention? / Michael Brian Schiffer14:
War, Women, and Religion / 15:
The Spread of Salado Polychrome in the American Southwest / Todd L. VanPool ; Chet Savage
Contributors
Index
Series Foreword
Preface and Acknowledgments
Introduction / I:
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Nathan Ensmenger
出版情報: Cambridge, Mass. ; London : MIT Press, c2010  1 online resource (x, 320 p.)
シリーズ名: History of computing ;
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edited by Leo M. Chalupa ... [et al.]
出版情報: Cambridge, Mass. ; London : MIT Press, c2011  1 online resource (x, 415 p., [12] p. of plates)
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edited by Erik De Schutter
出版情報: Cambridge, Mass. ; London : MIT Press, c2010  1 online resource (xii, 419 p.)
シリーズ名: Computational neuroscience ;
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Series Foreword
Introduction
Differential Equations / Bard Ermentrout ; John Rinzel1:
Parameter Searching / Pablo Achard ; Werner Van Geit ; Gwendal LeMasson2:
Reaction-Diffusion Modeling / Upinder S. Bhalla ; Stefan Wils3:
Modeling Intracellular Calcium Dynamics / Erik De Schutter4:
Modeling Voltage-Dependent Channels / Alain Destexhe ; John R. Huguenard5:
Modeling Synapses / Arnd Roth ; Mark C. W. van Rossum6:
Modeling Point Neurons / 7:
From Hodgkin-Huxley to Integrate-and-Fire / Nicolas Brunel
Reconstruction of Neuronal Morphology / Gwen Jacobs ; Brenda Claiborne ; Kristen Harris8:
An Approach to Capturing Neuron Morphological Diversity / Haroon Anwar ; Imad Riachi ; Sean Hill ; Felix Schurmann ; Henry Markram9:
Passive Cable Modeling / William R. Holmes10:
Modeling Complex Neurons / 11:
Realistic Modeling of Small Neuronal Networks / Ronald L. Calabrese ; Astrid A. Prinz12:
Large-Scale Network Simulations in Systems Neuroscience / Reinoud Maex ; Michiel Berends ; Hugo Cornelis13:
Software Appendix
References
Contributors
Index
Series Foreword
Introduction
Differential Equations / Bard Ermentrout ; John Rinzel1:
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Gina Neff
出版情報: Cambridge, Mass. ; London : MIT Press, c2012  1 online resource (xiii, 195 p.)
シリーズ名: Acting with technology ;
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Preface
Acknowledgments
The Social Risks of the Dot-Com Era / 1:
The Origins and Rise of Venture Labor / 2:
Being Venture Labor: Strategies for Managing Risk / 3:
Why Networks Failed / 4:
The Crash of Venture Labor / 5:
Conclusion: Lessons from a New Economy for a New Medium? / 6:
Notes
Bibliography
Index
Preface
Acknowledgments
The Social Risks of the Dot-Com Era / 1:
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Reza Shadmehr and Sandro Mussa-Ivaldi
出版情報: Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press, c2012  1 online resource (385 p.)
シリーズ名: Computational neuroscience ;
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Series Foreword
Introduction
Space in the Mammalian Brain / 1:
Building a Space Map / 2:
The Space Inside / 3:
Sensorimotor Integration and State Estimation / 4:
Bayesian Estimation and Inference / 5:
Learning to Make Accurate Predictions / 6:
Learning Faster / 7:
The Multiple Timescales of Memory / 8:
Building Generative Models: Structural Learning and Identification of the Learner / 9:
Costs and Rewards of Motor Commands / 10:
Cost of Time in Motor Control / 11:
Optimal Feedback Control / 12:
Appendix
Notes
References
Index
Series Foreword
Introduction
Space in the Mammalian Brain / 1:
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edited by Massimo Pigliucci and Gerd B. Müller
出版情報: Cambridge, Mass. ; London : MIT Press, c2010  1 online resource (viii, 495 p.)
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Preface
Introduction / I:
Elements of an Extended Evolutionary Synthesis / Massimo Pigliucci ; Gerd B. Muller1:
Variation and Selection / II:
Reconsidering the Importance of Chance Variation / John Beatty2:
High-Dimensional Fitness Landscapes and Speciation / Sergey Gavrilets3:
Multilevel Selection and Major Transitions / David Sloan Wilson4:
Evolving Genomes / III:
Integrating Genomics into Evolutionary Theory / Gregory A. Wray5:
Complexities in Genome Structure and Evolution / Michael Purugganan6:
Inheritance and Replication / IV:
Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance / Eva Jablonka ; Marion J. Lamb7:
Niche Inheritance / John Odling-Smee8:
Chemical, Neuronal, and Linguistic Replicators / Chrisantha Fernando ; Eors Szathmary9:
Evolutionary Developmental Biology / V:
Facilitated Variation / Marc W. Kirschner ; John C. Gerhart10:
Dynamical Patterning Modules / Stuart A. Newman11:
Epigenetic Innovation / 12:
Macroevolution and Evolvability / VI:
Origination Patterns and Multilevel Processes in Macroevolution / David Jablonski13:
Phenotypic Plasticity / 14:
Evolution of Evolvability / Gunter P. Wagner ; Jeremy Draghi15:
Philosophical Dimensions / VII:
Rethinking the Structure of Evolutionary Theory for an Extended Synthesis / Alan C. Love16:
The Dialectics of Dis/Unity in the Evolutionary Synthesis and Its Extensions / Werner Callebaut17:
Contributors
Index
Preface
Introduction / I:
Elements of an Extended Evolutionary Synthesis / Massimo Pigliucci ; Gerd B. Muller1:
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Masashi Sugiyama and Motoaki Kawanabe
出版情報: Cambridge, Mass. ; London : MIT Press, c2012  1 online resource (xiv, 261 p.)
シリーズ名: Adaptive computation and machine learning ;
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Foreword
Preface
Introduction / I:
Introduction and Problem Formulation / 1:
Machine Learning under Covariate Shift / 1.1:
Quick Tour of Covariate Shift Adaptation / 1.2:
Problem Formulation / 1.3:
Function Learning from Examples / 1.3.1:
Loss Functions / 1.3.2:
Generalization Error / 1.3.3:
Covariate Shift / 1.3.4:
Models for Function Learning / 1.3.5:
Specification of Models / 1.3.6:
Structure of This Book / 1.4:
Part II: Learning under Covariate Shift / 1.4.1:
Part III: Learning Causing Covariate Shift / 1.4.2:
Learning Under Covariate Shift / II:
Function Approximation / 2:
Importance-Weighting Techniques for Covariate Shift Adaptation / 2.1:
Importance-Weighted ERM / 2.1.1:
Adaptive IWERM / 2.1.2:
Regularized IWERM / 2.1.3:
Examples of Importance-Weighted Regression Methods / 2.2:
Squared Loss: Least-Squares Regression / 2.2.1:
Absolute Loss: Least-Absolute Regression / 2.2.2:
Huber Loss: Huber Regression / 2.2.3:
Deadzone-Linear Loss: Support Vector Regression / 2.2.4:
Examples of Importance-Weighted Classification Methods / 2.3:
Squared Loss: Fisher Discriminant Analysis / 2.3.1:
Logistic Loss: Logistic Regression Classifier / 2.3.2:
Hinge Loss: Support Vector Machine / 2.3.3:
Exponential Loss: Boosting / 2.3.4:
Numerical Examples / 2.4:
Regression / 2.4.1:
Classification / 2.4.2:
Summary and Discussion / 2.5:
Model Selection / 3:
Importance-Weighted Akaike Information Criterion / 3.1:
Importance-Weighted Subspace Information Criterion / 3.2:
Input Dependence vs. Input Independence in Generalization Error Analysis / 3.2.1:
Approximately Correct Models / 3.2.2:
Input-Dependent Analysis of Generalization Error / 3.2.3:
Importance-Weighted Cross-Validation / 3.3:
Importance Estimation / 3.4:
Kernel Density Estimation / 4.1:
Kernel Mean Matching / 4.2:
Logistic Regression / 4.3:
Kullback-Leibler Importance Estimation Procedure / 4.4:
Algorithm / 4.4.1:
Model Selection by Cross-Validation / 4.4.2:
Basis Function Design / 4.4.3:
Least-Squares Importance Fitting / 4.5:
Basis Function Design and Model Selection / 4.5.1:
Regularization Path Tracking / 4.5.3:
Unconstrained Least-Squares Importance Fitting / 4.6:
Analytic Computation of Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation / 4.6.1:
Setting / 4.7:
Importance Estimation by KLIEP / 4.7.2:
Covariate Shift Adaptation by IWLS and IWCV / 4.7.3:
Experimental Comparison / 4.8:
Summary / 4.9:
Direct Density-Ratio Estimation with Dimensionality Reduction / 5:
Density Difference in Hetero-Distributional Subspace / 5.1:
Characterization of Hetero-Distributional Subspace / 5.2:
Identifying Hetero-Distributional Subspace / 5.3:
Basic Idea / 5.3.1:
Fisher Discriminant Analysis / 5.3.2:
Local Fisher Discriminant Analysis / 5.3.3:
Using LFDA for Finding Hetero-Distributional Subspace / 5.4:
Density-Ratio Estimation in the Hetero-Distributional Subspace / 5.5:
Illustrative Example / 5.6:
Performance Comparison Using Artificial Data Sets / 5.6.2:
Relation to Sample Selection Bias / 5.7:
Heckman's Sample Selection Model / 6.1:
Distributional Change and Sample Selection Bias / 6.2:
The Two-Step Algorithm / 6.3:
Relation to Covariate Shift Approach / 6.4:
Applications of Covariate Shift Adaptation / 7:
Brain-Computer Interface / 7.1:
Background / 7.1.1:
Experimental Setup / 7.1.2:
Experimental Results / 7.1.3:
Speaker Identification / 7.2:
Formulation / 7.2.1:
Natural Language Processing / 7.2.3:
Perceived Age Prediction from Face Images / 7.3.1:
Incorporating Characteristics of Human Age Perception / 7.4.1:
Human Activity Recognition from Accelerometric Data / 7.4.4:
Importance-Weighted Least-Squares Probabilistic Classifier / 7.5.1:
Experimental Results. / 7.5.3:
Sample Reuse in Reinforcement Learning / 7.6:
Markov Decision Problems / 7.6.1:
Policy Iteration / 7.6.2:
Value Function Approximation / 7.6.3:
Sample Reuse by Covariate Shift Adaptation / 7.6.4:
On-Policy vs. Off-Policy / 7.6.5:
Importance Weighting in Value Function Approximation / 7.6.6:
Automatic Selection of the Flattening Parameter / 7.6.7:
Sample Reuse Policy Iteration / 7.6.8:
Robot Control Experiments / 7.6.9:
Learning Causing Covariate Shift / III:
Active Learning / 8:
Preliminaries / 8.1:
Setup / 8.1.1:
Decomposition of Generalization Error / 8.1.2:
Basic Strategy of Active Learning / 8.1.3:
Population-Based Active Learning Methods / 8.2:
Classical Method of Active Learning for Correct Models / 8.2.1:
Limitations of Classical Approach and Countermeasures / 8.2.2:
Input-Independent Variance-Only Method / 8.2.3:
Input-Dependent Variance-Only Method / 8.2.4:
Input-Independent Bias-and-Variance Approach / 8.2.5:
Numerical Examples of Population-Based Active Learning Methods / 8.3:
Accuracy of Generalization Error Estimation / 8.3.1:
Obtained Generalization Error / 8.3.3:
Pool-Based Active Learning Methods / 8.4:
Classical Active Learning Method for Correct Models and Its Limitations / 8.4.1:
Numerical Examples of Pool-Based Active Learning Methods / 8.4.2:
Active Learning with Model Selection / 8.6:
Direct Approach and the Active Learning/Model Selection Dilemma / 9.1:
Sequential Approach / 9.2:
Batch Approach / 9.3:
Ensemble Active Learning / 9.4:
Analysis of Batch Approach / 9.5:
Analysis of Sequential Approach / 9.5.3:
Comparison of Obtained Generalization Error / 9.5.4:
Applications of Active Learning / 9.6:
Design of Efficient Exploration Strategies in Reinforcement Learning / 10.1:
Efficient Exploration with Active Learning / 10.1.1:
Reinforcement Learning Revisited / 10.1.2:
Estimating Generalization Error for Active Learning / 10.1.3:
Designing Sampling Policies / 10.1.5:
Active Learning in Policy Iteration / 10.1.6:
Wafer Alignment in Semiconductor Exposure Apparatus / 10.1.7:
Conclusions / IV:
Conclusions and Future Prospects / 11:
Future Prospects / 11.1:
Appendix: List of Symbols and Abbreviations
Bibliography
Index
Foreword
Preface
Introduction / I:
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edited by Sheila Jasanoff
出版情報: Cambridge, Mass. ; London : MIT, c2011  1 online resource (x, 310 p.)
シリーズ名: Basic bioethics ;
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Thomas A. Weber ; foreword by A.V. Kryazhimskiy
出版情報: Cambridge, Mass. ; London : MIT Press, c2011  1 online resource (xii, 360 p.)
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Foreword / A. V. Kryazhimskiy
Acknowledgments
Introduction / 1:
Outline / 1.1:
Prerequisites / 1.2:
A Brief History of Optimal Control / 1.3:
Notes / 1.4:
Ordinary Differential Equations / 2:
Overview / 2.1:
First-Order ODEs / 2.2:
Higher-Order ODEs and Solution Techniques / 2.3:
Exercises / 2.4:
Optimal Control Theory / 3:
Control Systems / 3.1:
Optimal ControlùA Motivating Example / 3.3:
Finite-Horizon Optimal Control / 3.4:
Infinite-Horizon Optimal Control / 3.5:
Supplement 1: A Proof of the Pontryagin Maximum Principle / 3.6:
Supplement 2: The Filippov Existence Theorem / 3.7:
Game Theory / 3.8:
Fundamental Concepts / 4.1:
Differential Games / 4.3:
Mechanism Design / 4.4:
Motivation / 5.1:
A Model with Two Types / 5.2:
The Screening Problem / 5.3:
Nonlinear Pricing / 5.4:
Mathematical Review / 5.5:
Algebra / A.l:
Normed Vector Spaces / A.2:
Analysis / A.3:
Optimization / A.4:
Solutions to Exercises / A.5:
Numerical Methods / B.l:
Intellectual Heritage / B.2:
References
Index
Foreword / A. V. Kryazhimskiy
Acknowledgments
Introduction / 1:
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edited by Jeremy R. Garrett
出版情報: Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press, c2012  1 online resource (xii, 341 p.)
シリーズ名: Basic bioethics ;
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Chikako Takeshita
出版情報: Cambridge, Mass. ; London : MIT, c2012  1 online resource (xvi, 238 p.)
シリーズ名: Inside technology ;
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目次情報: 続きを見る
Preface
Acknowledgments
Turning the Gaze on Modern Contraceptive Research: An Introduction / 1:
"Birth Control for a Nation": The IUD as Technoscientific Biopower / 2:
From the "Masses" to the "Moms": Governing Contraceptive Risks / 3:
"lUDs Are Not Abortifacients": The Biopolitics of Contraceptive Mechanisms / 4:
"Keep Life Simple": Body/Technology Relationships in Racialized Global Contexts / 5:
Diffracting the Technoscientific Body: A Conclusion / 6:
Notes
References
Index
Preface
Acknowledgments
Turning the Gaze on Modern Contraceptive Research: An Introduction / 1:
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edited by Brett Calcott and Kim Sterelny
出版情報: Cambridge, Mass. ; London : MIT Press, c2011  1 online resource (x, 319 p.)
シリーズ名: The Vienna series in theoretical biology ;
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Dal Yong Jin
出版情報: Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press, c2010  1 online resource (195 p.)
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edited by Kenneth Hugdahl and René Westerhausen
出版情報: Cambridge, Mass. ; London : MIT Press, c2010  1 online resource (vii, 694 p., [12] p. of plates)
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edited by Snait B. Gissis and Eva Jablonka ; with illustrations by Anna Zeligowski
出版情報: Cambridge, Mass. ; London : MIT Press, c2011  1 online resource (xvi, 457 p.)
シリーズ名: The Vienna series in theoretical biology ;
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Jean-François Blanchette
出版情報: Cambridge, Mass. ; London : MIT Press, c2012  1 online resource (276 p.)
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目次情報: 続きを見る
Introduction / 1:
Communication in the Presence of Adversaries / 2:
On the Brink of a Revolution / 3:
The Equivalent of a Written Signature / 4:
Written Proof / 5:
Paper and State / 6:
The Cryptographic Imagination / 7:
Epilogue / 8:
Acknowledgments
Notes
Bibliography
Index
Introduction / 1:
Communication in the Presence of Adversaries / 2:
On the Brink of a Revolution / 3:
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Charles M. Schweik and Robert C. English
出版情報: Cambridge, Mass. ; London : MIT Press, c2012  1 online resource (xii, 351 p.)
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Acknowledgments
Preface
The Power of Openness and Internet-Based Collaboration / I:
The Importance of Open-Source Software Commons / 1:
What We Know about Open-Source Software Commons: Academic Research and Theory / II:
The Ecosystem / 2:
The Developer / 3:
Technological and Community Attributes / 4:
Institutional Attributes / 5:
Our Empirical Studies of Open-Source Software Commons / III:
The OSGeo Case: An Example of the Evolving OSS Ecosystem / 6:
Defining Open-Source Software Success and Abandonment / 7:
What Can SourceForge.net Data Alone Tell Us about Open-Source Software Commons? / 8:
Filling Gaps in Our Data with the Survey on Free/Libre and Open-Source Success / 9:
Answering the Questions Raised in Part II / 10:
Putting It All Together in Multivariate Models of Success and Abandonment / 11:
Thinking about Part III: A Review of Our Empirical Research / 12:
Conclusions / IV:
Our Study in Perspective / 13:
Notes
References
Index
Acknowledgments
Preface
The Power of Openness and Internet-Based Collaboration / I:
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edited by Henry Lowood and Michael Nitsche
出版情報: Cambridge, Mass. ; London : MIT Press, c2011  1 online resource (x, 345 p.)
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Introduction / Henry Lowood ; Michael Nitsche
Reflections / I:
Video Capture: Machinima, Documentation, and the History of Virtual Worlds / 1:
From Game Mod to Low-Budget Film: The Evolution of Machinima / Matt Kelland2:
Arrested Development: Why Machinima Can't (or Shouldn't) Grow Up / Katie Salen3:
Technology / II:
Toward a Machinima Studio / Friedrich Kirschner4:
Image Future / Lev Manovich5:
Tangible Narratives: Emerging Interfaces for Digital Storytelling and Machinima / Ali Mazalek6:
Performance / III:
Machinima as Media / 7:
Encoding Liveness: Performance and Real-Time Rendering in Machinima / David Cameron ; John Carroll8:
Machinima: From Art Object to Cultural Practice / Dan Pinchbeck ; Ricard Gras9:
Of Games and Gestures: Machinima and the Suspension of Animation / Peter Krapp10:
Machine Cinema / IV:
How Do You Solve a Problem Like Machinima? / Michael Pigott11:
Machinimatic Realism: Capturing and Presenting the "Real World" of Video Games / Jeffrey Bardzell12:
Undefining Machinima / Erik Champion13:
Pedagogy / V:
Everything I Need to Know about Filmmaking I Learned from Playing Video Games: The Educational Promise of Machinima / Matthew Thomas Payne14:
Machinima and Modding: Pedagogic Means for Enhancing Computer Game Literacy / Danny Kringiel15:
Context / VI:
Pink vs. Blue: The Emergence of Women in Machinima / Robert Jones16:
Participatory Fan Culture and Half-Life 2 Machinima: A Dialogue among Ethnography, Culture, and Space / Gareth Schott ; Bevin Yeatman17:
Don't Mess with The Warriors: The Politics of Machinima / Matteo Bittanti18:
List of Contributors
Index
Introduction / Henry Lowood ; Michael Nitsche
Reflections / I:
Video Capture: Machinima, Documentation, and the History of Virtual Worlds / 1:
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edited by Thomas E. Graedel and Ester van der Voet ; program advisory committee, Thomas E. Graedel ... [et al.]
出版情報: Cambridge, Mass. ; London : MIT Press, c2010  1 online resource (xiii, 532 p.)
シリーズ名: Strüngmann Forum reports ;
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The Ernst Strungmann Forum
List of Contributors
Linkages of Sustainability / 1:
An Introduction / Thomas E. Graedel ; Ester van der Voet
Land, Human, and Nature
Agriculture and Forests / 2:
Recent Trends, Future Prospects / Navin Ramankutty
Perspectives on Sustainability of Ecosystem Services and Functions / Oswald J. Schmitz3:
Human Capital, Social Capital, and Institutional Capacity / Steve Rayner4:
Stocks, Flows, and Prospects of Land / Karen C. Seto ; Rudolf de Groot ; Stefan Bringezu ; Karlheinz Erb ; Anette Reenberg ; David L. Skole5:
Nonrenewable Resources
Mineral Resources / 6:
Quantitative and Qualitative Aspects of Sustainability / Yuichi Moriguchi
Geological Stocks and Prospects for Nonrenewable Resources / Stephen E. Kesler7:
Deteriorating Ore Resources / 8:
Energy and Water Impacts / Terry E. Norgate
Transforming the Recovery and Recycling of Nonrenewable Resources / Markus A. Reuter ; Antoinette van Schaik9:
Complex Life Cycles of Precious and Special Metals / Christian Hageluken ; Christina E. M. Meskers10:
Stocks, Flows, and Prospects of Mineral Resources / Heather L. MacLean ; Faye Duchin ; Kohmei Halada ; Daniel Mueller11:
Water
Global Water Balance / Johannes A. C. Barth ; Viachaslau Filimonau ; Peter Bayer ; Wilhelm Struckmeier ; Peter Grathwohl12:
Water Quality as a Component of a Sustainable Water Supply / Thomas P. Knepper ; Thomas A. Ternes13:
Interactions of the Water Cycle with Energy, Material Resources, Greenhouse Gas Production, and Land Use / Heleen De Wever14:
Issues of Unsustainability Related to Water / Motomu Ibaraki15:
Measuring and Modeling the Sustainability of Global Water Resources / Shinjiro Kanae16:
Stocks, Flows, and Prospects of Water / Klaus Lindner ; Mohamed Tawfic Ahmed ; Paul J. Crutzen ; Fabian M. Dayrit ; Marco Schmidt17:
Energy
Resources, Reserves, and Consumption of Energy / Donald L. Gautier ; Peter J. McCabe ; Joan Ogden ; Trevor N. Demayo18:
Considering Issues of Energy Sustainability / Thomas J. Wilbanks19:
Measuring Energy Sustainability / David L. Greene20:
Energy without Constraints? / Ernst Worrell21:
Stocks, Flows, and Prospects of Energy / Andreas Loschel ; John Johnston ; Mark A. Delucchi22:
Next Steps
Climate Change, Land Use, Agriculture, and the Emerging Bioeconomy / Brent M. Simpson23:
Enhancing Resource Sustainability by Transforming Urban and Suburban Transportation / 24:
The Emerging Importance of Linkages / 25:
Appendixes
List of Abbreviations
Bibliography
Subject Index
The Ernst Strungmann Forum
List of Contributors
Linkages of Sustainability / 1:
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edited by Suzanne Nalbantian, Paul M. Matthews, and James L. McClelland
出版情報: Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press, c2011  1 online resource (vi, 440 p., [4] p. of plates)
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Helga Nowotny and Giuseppe Testa ; translated by Mitch Cohen
出版情報: Cambridge, Mass. ; London : MIT Press, c2010  1 online resource (viii, 144 p.)
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Preface
The Visibility of the Genetic Future / 1:
The Geneticization of Achievement / 2:
Disputed Futures: Who Belongs to Whom? / 3:
Contested Futures: Everyday Experience and the Values Discourse / 4:
Shaping the Futures: Human Technologies of Standardization / 5:
Synthesizing the Future / 6:
The Future as Synthesis / 7:
Glossary
Notes
Index
Preface
The Visibility of the Genetic Future / 1:
The Geneticization of Achievement / 2:
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Jonathan Band and Masanobu Katoh
出版情報: Cambridge, Mass. ; London : MIT Press, c2011  1 online resource (x, 233 p.).
シリーズ名: The information society series ;
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Foreword / Ed Black
Acknowledgments
The Interoperability Debate / 1:
Copyright Cases in U.S. Courts / 2:
Interoperability under the DMCA / 3:
Contractual Limitations on Reverse Engineering / 4:
Interoperability Overseas / 5:
The Road Ahead / 6:
Statutory Appendix
Index
Foreword / Ed Black
Acknowledgments
The Interoperability Debate / 1:
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edited by Robert Levin ... [et al.]
出版情報: Cambridge, Mass. ; London : MIT Press, c2011  1 online resource (xv, 249 p.)
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Kim Sterelny
出版情報: Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press, 2012  1 online resource (xvi, 242 p.).
シリーズ名: The Jean Nicod lectures ;
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Series Foreword
Preface
The Challenge of Novelty / 1:
Introduction / 1.1:
The Social Intelligence Hypothesis / 1.2:
Cooperative Foraging / 1.3:
Cooperative Foraging and Knowledge Accumulation / 1.4:
Life in a Changing World / 1.5:
Accumulating Cognitive Capital / 2:
A Lineage Explanation of Social Learning / 2.1:
Feedback Loops / 2.2:
The Apprentice Learning Model / 2.3:
Adapted Individuals, Adapted Environments / 3:
Behavioral Modernity / 3.1:
The Symbolic Species / 3.2:
Public Symbols and Social Worlds / 3.3:
Preserving and Expanding Information / 3.4:
Niche Construction and Neanderthal Extinction / 3.5:
The Human Cooperation Syndrome / 4:
Triggering Cooperation / 4.1:
A Cooperation Complex / 4.2:
The Grandmother Hypothesis / 4.3:
Foragers: Ancient and Modern / 4.4:
Hunting: Provisioning or Signaling? / 4.5:
Costs and Commitments / 5:
Free Riders / 5.1:
Control and Commitment / 5.2:
Commitment Mechanisms / 5.3:
Signals, Investments, and Interventions / 5.4:
Hunting and Commitment / 5.5:
Commitment through Investment / 5.6:
Primitive Trust / 5.7:
Signals, Cooperation, and Learning / 6:
Sperber's Dilemma / 6.1:
Two Faces of Cultural Learning / 6.2:
Honesty Mechanisms / 6.3:
The Folk as Educators / 6.4:
From Skills to Norms / 7:
Norms and Communities / 7.1:
Moral Nativism / 7.2:
Self-Control, Vigilance, and Persuasion / 7.3:
Reactive and Reflective Moral Response 1 / 7.4:
Moral Apprentices / 7.5:
The Biological Preparation of Moral Development / 7.6:
The Expansion of Cultural Learning / 7.7:
Cooperation and Conflict / 8:
Group Selection / 8.1:
Strong Reciprocity and Human Cooperation / 8.2:
Children of Strife? / 8.3:
The Holocene: A World Queerer Than We Realized? / 8.4:
Notes
References
Index
Series Foreword
Preface
The Challenge of Novelty / 1:
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edited by Christoph von der Malsburg, William A. Phillips, and Wolf Singer
出版情報: Cambridge, Mass. ; London : MIT Press, c2010  1 online resource (xiv, 352 p.)
シリーズ名: Strüngmann Forum reports ;
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edited by Stephen L. Cochi and Walter R. Dowdle ; program advisory committee, R. Bruce Aylward ... [et al.]
出版情報: Cambridge, Mass. ; London : MIT Press, c2011  1 online resource (xi, 319 p.)
シリーズ名: Strüngmann Forum reports ;
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Barry M. McCoy
出版情報: Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2010  1 online resource (xv, 624 p.)
シリーズ名: The international series of monographs on physics ; 146
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目次情報: 続きを見る
Basic Principles / 1:
Reductionism, Phenomena and Models / 2:
Stability, Existence and Uniqueness / 3:
Theorems on Order / 4:
Critical Phenomena and Scaling Theory / 5:
Mayer Virial Expansions and Groenevelt's Theorems / 6:
Ree-Hoover Virial Expansion and Hard Spheres / 7:
High Density Expansions / 8:
High Temperature Expansions for Magnets at H=0 / 9:
The Ising Model in Two Dimensions / 10:
Summary of Results
The Pfaffian Solution of the Ising Model / 11:
Ising Model Spontaneous Magnetization, Form Factors and Susceptibility / 12:
The Star-Triangle (Yang-Baxter) Equation / 13:
The Eight Vertex and XYZ models / 14:
The RSOS and the Chiral Potts models / 15:
Conclusion / 16:
Basic Principles / 1:
Reductionism, Phenomena and Models / 2:
Stability, Existence and Uniqueness / 3:
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Hidetoshi Nishimori, Gerardo Ortiz
出版情報: Oxford : Oxford University Press, c2011  1 online resource (xiii, 358 p.)
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James Oxley
出版情報: Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2011  1 online resource (xiii, 684 p.)
シリーズ名: Oxford graduate texts in mathematics ; 21
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Preliminaries
Basic definitions and examples / 1:
Independent sets and circuits / 1.1:
Bases / 1.2:
Rank / 1.3:
Closure / 1.4:
Geometric representations of matroids of small rank / 1.5:
Transversal matroids / 1.6:
The lattice of flats / 1.7:
The greedy algorithm / 1.8:
Duality / 2:
The definition and basic properties / 2.1:
Duals of representable matroids / 2.2:
Duals of graphic matroids / 2.3:
Duals of transversal matroids / 2.4:
Minors / 3:
Contraction / 3.1:
Minors of certain classes of matroids / 3.2:
The Scum Theorem, projection, and flats / 3.3:
Connectivity / 4:
Connectivity for graphs and matroids / 4.1:
Properties of matroid connectivity / 4.2:
More properties of connectivity / 4.3:
Graphic matroids / 5:
Representability / 5.1:
Duality in graphic matroids / 5.2:
Whitney's 2-Isomorphism Theorem / 5.3:
Series-parallel networks / 5.4:
Representable matroids / 6:
Projective geometries / 6.1:
Affine geometries / 6.2:
Different matroid representations / 6.3:
Constructing representations for matroids / 6.4:
Representability over finite fields / 6.5:
Regular matroids / 6.6:
Algebraic matroids / 6.7:
Characteristic sets and decidability / 6.8:
Modularity / 6.9:
Dowling geometries / 6.10:
Constructions / 7:
Series and parallel connection and 2-sums / 7.1:
Single-element extensions / 7.2:
Quotients and related operations / 7.3:
A non-commutative operation / 7.4:
Higher connectivity / 8:
Tutte's definition / 8.1:
Properties of the connectivity function / 8.2:
3-connected matroids and 2-sums / 8.3:
Wheels and whirls / 8.4:
Tutte's Linking Theorem and its applications / 8.5:
Matroid versus graph connectivity / 8.6:
Some extremal connectivity results / 8.7:
Tutte's Wheels-and-Whirls Theorem / 8.8:
Binary matroids / 9:
Characterizations / 9.1:
Circuit and cocircuit spaces / 9.2:
The operation of 3-sum / 9.3:
Other special properties / 9.4:
Excluded-minor theorems / 10:
The characterization of regular matroids / 10.1:
The characterization of ternary matroids / 10.2:
The characterization of graphic matroids / 10.3:
Further properties of regular and graphic matroids / 10.4:
Submodular functions and matroid union / 11:
Deriving matroids from submodular functions / 11.1:
The theorems of Hall and Rado / 11.2:
Matroid union and its applications / 11.3:
Amalgams and the generalized parallel connection / 11.4:
Generalizations of delta-wye exchange / 11.5:
The Splitter Theorem / 12:
The theorem and its proof / 12.1:
Applications of the Splitter Theorem / 12.2:
Variations on the Splitter Theorem / 12.3:
Seymour's Decomposition Theorem / 13:
Overview / 13.1:
Graphic, cographic, or a special minor / 13.2:
Blocking sequences / 13.3:
Research in representability and structure / 13.4:
The Well-Quasi-Ordering Conjecture for Matroids / 14.1:
Branch-width / 14.2:
Rota's Conjecture and the Well-Quasi-Ordering Conjecture / 14.3:
Algorithmic consequences / 14.4:
Intertwining / 14.5:
Inequivalent representations / 14.6:
Ternary matroids / 14.7:
Stabilizers / 14.8:
Unavoidable minors / 14.9:
Growth rates / 14.10:
Unsolved problems / 15:
Representability: linear and algebraic / 15.1:
Unimodal conjectures / 15.2:
Critical problems / 15.3:
From graphs to matroids / 15.4:
Enumeration / 15.5:
Gammoids and transversal matroids / 15.6:
Excluding a uniform matroid / 15.7:
Negative correlation / 15.8:
A miscellany / 15.9:
References
Appendix: Some interesting matroids
List of tables
Notation
Index
Preliminaries
Basic definitions and examples / 1:
Independent sets and circuits / 1.1:
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edited by Vincent Dusastre
出版情報: London : Macmillan Publishers , Singapore : World Scientific, c2011  1 online resource (xxvii, 331 p.)
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Yong-Cheng Ning
出版情報: Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, 2011  1 online resource
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Foreword
Preface
Chemical shift / 1:
Conception of chemical shift / 1.1.1:
Factors affecting chemical shifts / 1.1.2:
Coupling constant J / 1.2:
Coupling effect and coupling constant J / 1.2.1:
Discussion of coupling constants according to their kinds / 1.2.2:
Chemical equivalence and magnetic equivalence / 1.3:
Chemical equivalence / 1.3.1:
Magnetic equivalence / 1.3.2:
Substituted phenyl ring / 1.3.3:
Substituted heteroaromatic ring / 1.4.2:
Normal long-chain alkyl group / 1.4.3:
Carbonyl compounds / 1.4.4:
Reactive hydrogen atom / 1.4.5:
Compounds containing fluorine or phosphor atoms / 1.4.6:
Find impurity peaks, pay attention to the solvent applied / 1.5:
Calculation of the unsaturation number of the unknown compound / 1.5.2:
Determination of functional groups of the unknown compound / 1.5.3:
Analysis of coupling splittings of peak sets / 1.5.5:
Combination of possible structural units / 1.5.6:
Checking of the deduced structure / 1.5.7:
Reference / 1.6:
Characteristics and advantages of the 13C NMR spectra / 2:
Chemical shift values of common functional groups and main factors affecting chemical shift values / 2.2:
Alkanes and their derivatives / 2.3.1:
Cycloalkanes and their derivatives / 2.3.2:
Alkylenes and their derivatives / 2.3.3:
Benzene and its derivatives / 2.3.4:
Carbonyl groups / 2.3.5:
Determination of the carbon atom orders / 2.4:
Recognizing impurity peaks and identifying solvent peaks / 2.5:
Consideration of chemical shift values of peaks / 2.5.2:
Determination of carbon atom orders / 2.5.4:
Postulation of possible functional groups / 2.5.5:
Interpretation of 2D NMR spectra / 3:
General knowledge about 2D NMR spectra / 3.1:
Homonuclear shift correlation spectroscopy, COSY (H, H-COSY) / 3.2:
Heteronuclear shift correlation spectroscopy / 3.3:
Long-range heteronuclear shift correlation spectroscopy / 3.4:
NOESY and ROESY / 3.5:
Total correlation spectroscopy, TOCSY / 3.6:
References
Interpretation of mass spectra / 4:
Basic knowledge of organic mass spectrometry / 4.1:
Mass spectra / 4.1.1:
Ionization in organic mass spectrometry / 4.1.2:
Ion types in organic mass spectrometry / 4.1.3:
Isotopic ion clusters in mass spectra / 4.2:
Interpretation of EI MS / 4.3:
Determination of molecular ion peak / 4.3.1:
Interpretation of fragment ion peaks / 4.3.2:
Interpretation of rearrangement ion peaks / 4.3.3:
Complex cleavages of alicyclic compounds / 4.3.4:
Mass spectrum patterns of common functional groups / 4.3.5:
Interpretation of the EI mass spectrum and examples / 4.3.6:
Interpretation of the mass spectra from soft ionization / 4.4:
Mass spectra from ESI (electrospray ionization) / 4.4.1:
Mass spectra from CI / 4.4.2:
Mass spectra from FAB / 4.4.3:
Mass spectra from MALDI / 4.4.4:
Mass spectra from APCI / 4.4.5:
Examples of the interpretation of mass spectra from soft ionization / 4.4.6:
Interpretation of high resolution mass spectra / 4.5:
Interpretation of mass spectra from tandem mass spectrometry / 4.6:
Interpretation of infrared spectra / 5:
Elementary knowledge of infrared spectroscopy / 5.1:
Infrared spectrum / 5.1.1:
Two regions of the infrared spectrum / 5.1.2:
Characteristic absorption frequencies of functional groups / 5.2:
Elemental equation of IR spectroscopy / 5.2.1:
Factors affecting absorption frequencies / 5.2.2:
Characteristic frequencies of common functional groups / 5.2.3:
Discussion on the IR spectrum according to regions / 5.3:
Functional group region / 5.3.1:
Fingerprint region / 5.3.2:
Interpretation of IR spectra according to regions / 5.4:
Interpretation of IR spectra / 5.5:
Key points for the interpretation of IR spectra / 5.5.1:
Steps for the interpretation of an IR spectrum / 5.5.2:
Searching standard IR spectra from IR spectrum collections or websites / 5.5.3:
Examples of interpreting IR spectra / 5.5.4:
Identification of unknown compounds or confirmation of structures through comprehensive interpretation of spectra / 6:
Commonly used method and steps / 6.1:
DEPT spectrum / 6.1.1:
COSY spectrum / 6.1.4:
HMQC (or HSQC) spectrum / 6.1.5:
HMBC spectrum / 6.1.6:
Examples for the deduction of the structure of an unknown compound or for the confirmation of an anticipated structure / 6.2:
List of abbreviations
Index
Foreword
Preface
Chemical shift / 1:
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edited by Nina Berova [and others]
出版情報: New York : John Wiley & Sons, 2012  1 online resource (xiii, 791 pages)
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Volkan Cicek and Bayan Al-Numan
出版情報: Hoboken, N.J. : Salem, Mass. : Wiley ; Scrivener, 〓2011  1 online resource (xiv, 174 pages)
シリーズ名: ACS symposium series Corrosion chemistry ;
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List of tables
Acknowledgements
Preface
Corrosion and Its Definition / 1:
The Corrosion Process and Affecting Factors / 2:
Corrosion Types Based on Mechanism / 3:
Uniform Corrosion / 3.1:
Pitting Corrosion / 3.2:
Crevice Corrosion / 3.3:
Galvanic Corrosion / 3.4:
Intergranular Corrosion / 3.5:
Selective Corrosion / 3.6:
Erosion or Abrasion Corrosion / 3.7:
Cavitation Corrosion / 3.8:
Fretting Corrosion / 3.9:
Stress Corrosion Cracking / 3.10:
Microbial Corrosion / 3.11:
Corrosion Types of Based on the Media / 4:
Atmospheric Corrosion / 4.1:
Corrosion in Water / 4.2:
Corrosion in Soil / 4.3:
Nature of Protective Metal Oxide Films / 5:
Effect of Aggressive Anions on Corrosion / 6:
Corrosion Prevention Methods / 7:
Commonly Used Alloys and their Properties / 8:
Aluminum 2024 Alloy / 8.1:
Aluminum 7075 Alloy / 8.2:
Aluminum 6061 Alloy / 8.3:
Cost of Corrosion and Use of Corrosion Inhibitors / 9:
Types of Corrosion Inhibitors / 10:
Anodic Inhibitors / 10.1:
Cathodic Inhibitors / 10.2:
Chromates: Best Corrosion Inhibitors to Date / 11:
Limitations on the Use of Chromates due to Toxicity / 11.1:
Corrosion Inhibition Mechanism of Chromates / 11.2:
Chromate Inhibitor Replacements: Current and Potential Applications / 12:
Nitrites / 12.1:
Trivalent Chromium Compounds / 12.2:
Oxyanions Analogous to Chromate / 12.3:
Synergistic Use of Oxyanions Analogues of Chromate / 12.4:
Sol-Gels (Ormosils) as Chromate Inhibitor Replacements: Properties and Uses / 13:
Types of Sol-Gels / 13.1:
Corrosion Inhibition Mechanism of Sol-Gel Coatings / 13.2:
Synthesis of Sol-Gels / 13.3:
Incorporation of Corrosion Inhibitive Pigments to Sol-Gel Coatings / 13.4:
Corrosion in Engineering Materials / 14:
Introduction / 14.1:
Steel Structures / 14.2:
Concrete Structures / 14.3:
Protection against Corrosion in Construction / 14.4:
Corrosion of Unbonded Prestressing Tendons / 14.5:
Cathodic Protection / 14.6:
Corrosion in Industrial Projects / 14.7:
References
Index
List of tables
Acknowledgements
Preface
49.

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edited by Abby L. Parrill, Kenny B. Lipkowitz
出版情報: Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, 2015  1 online resource (570 pages)
シリーズ名: Reviews in Computational Chemistry ;
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50.

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Clifford Henry Taubes
出版情報: Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2011  1 online resource (xiii, 298 p.)
シリーズ名: Oxford graduate texts in mathematics ; 23
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51.

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E.L. Wolf
出版情報: Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2012  1 online resource (xvi, 593 p.)
シリーズ名: International series of monographs on physics ; 152
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Introduction / 1:
Tunneling in Normal-State Structures: I / 2:
Spectroscopy of the Superconducting Energy Gap: Quasiparticle and Pair Tunneling / 3:
Conventional Tunneling Spectroscopy of Strong-Coupling Superconductors / 4:
Inhomogeneous Superconductors: the Superconducting Proximity Effect / 5:
Superconducting Phonon Spectra and a2F(w) / 6:
High Tc Electron-Coupled Superconductivity: Cuprate and Iron-Based Superconductors / 7:
Tunneling in Normal-State Structures. II / 8:
Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy (STS) of Single Atoms and Molecules / 9:
Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy (STS) of Superconducting Cuprates, Magnetic Manganites / 10:
Applications of Barrier Tunneling Phenomena / 11:
Appendices
Experimental Methods of Junction Fabrication and Characterization / A:
Methods of Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy STS and Competing Approaches / B:
Tabulated Results / C:
Introduction / 1:
Tunneling in Normal-State Structures: I / 2:
Spectroscopy of the Superconducting Energy Gap: Quasiparticle and Pair Tunneling / 3:
52.

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出版情報: [Place of publication not identified] : JOHN WILEY & Sons, 2017  1 online resource
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53.

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Emmanuel Lesaffre, Andrew B. Lawson
出版情報: Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley, 2012  1 online resource
シリーズ名: Statistics in practice ;
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Foreword
About the Author
Acknowledgments
Introduction
THE BIG PICTURE / Part 1:
Structuring General Education / 1:
Some Examples of Integrative Curricular Models / 2:
GENERAL EDUCATION AT THE COURSE LEVEL / Part 2:
Designing Effective General Education Courses / 3:
How the Purposes of General Education Can Reshape a Course: Case Studies / 4:
GENERAL EDUCATION AT THE ASSIGNMENT AND ASSESSMENT LEVEL / Part 3:
Designing Appropriate Assignments for General Education / 5:
The Chapter You May Want to Skip: Institutional Assessment and General Education / 6:
Conclusion
Syllabus for Artistic and Literary Responses to Science and Technology / Appendix A:
Syllabus for The Way Things Work: Sky Diving and Deep Sea Diving / Appendix B:
Syllabus for Traveling Without Leaving: Global Sociology / Appendix C:
Syllabus for Elite Deviance: Crime in the Suites / Appendix D:
Syllabus for Does Gun Control Save Lives? / Appendix E:
Syllabus for Statistics and Botany / Appendix F:
References
Index
Foreword
About the Author
Acknowledgments
54.

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edited by Thomas C. Nugent
出版情報: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, 2010  1 online resource (624 pages)
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Stereoselective Synthesis of a-Branched Amines by Nucleophilic Addition of Unstabilized Carbanions to Imines
Asymmetric Methods for Radical Addition to Imino Compounds
Enantioselective Synthesis of Amines by Chiral Brønsted Acid Catalysts
Reduction of Imines with Trichlorosilane Catalyzed by Chiral Lewis Bases
Catalytic, Enantioselective, Vinylogous Mannich Reactions
Chiral Amines from Transition Metal-Mediated Hydrogenation and Transfer Hydrogenation
Asymmetric Reductive Amination
Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Enamines with Monodentate Phosphorus Ligands
Bidentate Ligands for Enantioselective Enamide Reduction
Enantioselective Reduction of Nitrogen-Based Heteroaromatic Compounds
Asymmetric Hydroamination
Enantioselective C&H Amination
Chiral Amines Derived from Asymmetric Aza-Morita-Baylis-Hillman Reaction
Biocatalytic Routes to Nonracemic Chiral Amines
Stereoselective Synthesis of a-Branched Amines by Nucleophilic Addition of Unstabilized Carbanions to Imines
Asymmetric Methods for Radical Addition to Imino Compounds
Enantioselective Synthesis of Amines by Chiral Brønsted Acid Catalysts
55.

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edited by R. Morris Bullock
出版情報: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, 〓2010  1 online resource (xviii, 290 pages)
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Preface
List of Contributors
Catalysis Involving the H* Transfer Reactions of First-Row Transition Metals / John Hartung ; Jack R. Norton1:
H* Transfer Between M-H Bonds and Organic Radicals / 1.1:
H* Transfer Between Ligands and Organic Radicals / 1.2:
H* Transfer Between M-H and C-C Bonds / 1.3:
Chain Transfer Catalysis / 1.4:
Catalysis of Radical Cydizations / 1.5:
Competing Methods for the Cyclization of Dienes / 1.6:
Summary and Conclusions / 1.7:
References
Catalytic Reduction of Dinitrogen to Ammonia by Molybdenum / Richard R. Schrock2:
Some Characteristics of Triamidoamine Complexes / 2.1Introduction:
Possible [HIPTN3N]Mo Intermediates in a Catalytic Reduction of Molecular Nitrogen / 2.3:
MoN2 and MoN2- / 2.3.1:
Mo-N=NH / 2.3.2:
Conversion of Mo(N2) into Mo-N=NH / 2.3.3:
[Mo=N-NH2]+ / 2.3.4:
Mo=N and [Mo=NH]+ / 2.3.5:
Mo(NH3) and [Mo(NH3)+ / 2.3.6:
Interconversion of Mo(NH3) and Mo(N2) / 2.4:
Catalytic Reduction of Dinitrogen / 2.5:
MoH and Mo(H2) / 2.6:
Ligand and Metal Variations / 2.7:
Comments / 2.8:
Acknowledgements
Molybdenum and Tungsten Catalysts for Hydrogenation, Hydrosilylation and Hydrolysis / R. Morris Bullock3:
Introduction / 3.1:
Proton Transfer Reactions of Metal Hydrides / 3.2:
Hydride Transfer Reactions of Metal Hydrides / 3.3:
Stoichiometric Hydride Transfer Reactivity of Anionic Metal Hydride Complexes / 3.4:
Catalytic Hydrogenation of Ketones with Anionic Metal Hydrides / 3.5:
Ionic Hydrogenation of Ketones Using Metal Hydrides and Added Acid / 3.6:
Ionic Hydrogenations from Dihydrides: Delivery of the Proton and Hydride from One Metal / 3.7:
Catalytic Ionic Hydrogenations With Mo and W Catalysts / 3.8:
Mo Phosphine Catalysts With Improved lifetimes / 3.9:
Tungsten Hydrogenation Catalysts with N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands / 3.10:
Catalysts for Hydrosilylation of Ketones / 3.11:
Cp2Mo Catalysts for Hydrolysis, Hydrogenations and Hydrations / 3.12:
Conclusion / 3.13:
Modern Alchemy: Replacing Precious Metals with Iron in Catalytic Alkene and Carbonyl Hydrogenation Reactions / Paul J. Chink4:
Alkene Hydrogenation / 4.1:
Iron Carbonyl Complexes / 4.2.1:
Iron Phosphine Compounds / 4.2.2:
Bis(imino)pyridine Iron Complexes / 4.2.3:
α-Diimine Iron Complexes / 4.2.4:
Carbonyl Hydrogenation / 4.3:
Hydrosilylation / 4.3.1:
Bifunctional Complexes / 4.3.2:
Outlook / 4.4:
Olefin Oligomerizations and Polymerizations Catalyzed by Iron and Cobalt Complexes Bearing Bis(imino)pyridine Ligands / Vernon C. Gibson ; Gregory A. Solan5:
Precatalyst Synthesis / 5.1:
Ligand Preparation / 5.2.1:
Complexation with MX2 (M = Fe, Co) / 5.2.2:
Precatalyst Activation and Catalysis / 5.3:
Olefin Polymerization / 5.3.1:
Catalytic Evaluation / 5.3.1.1:
Steric Versus Electronic Effects / 5.3.1.2:
Effect of MAO Concentration / 5.3.1.3:
Effects of Pressure and Temperature / 5.3.1.4:
α-Olefin Monomers / 5.3.1.5:
Olefin Oligomerization / 5.3.2:
Substituent Effects / 5.3.2.1:
Schulz-Flory Distributions / 5.3.2.3:
Poisson Distributions / 5.3.2.4:
The Active Catalyst and Mechanism / 5.3.2.5:
Active Species / 5.4.:
Iron Catalyst / 5.4.1.1:
Cobalt Catalyst / 5.4.1.2:
Propagation and Chain Transfer Pathways/Theoretical Studies / 5.4.2:
Well-Defined Iron and Cobalt Alkyls / 5.4.3:
Other Applications / 5.5:
Immobilization / 5.5.1:
Reactor Blending and Tandem Catalysis / 5.5.2:
Conclusions and Outlook / 5.6:
Cobalt and Nickel Catalyzed Reactions Involving C-H and C-N Activation Reactions / Renee Becker ; William D. Jones6:
Catalysis with Cobal / 6.1:
Catalysis with Nickel / 6.3:
A Modular Approach to the Development of Molecular Electrocatalysts for H2 Oxidation and Production Based on Inexpensive Metals / M. Rakowski DuBois ; Daniel L. DuBois7:
Concepts in Catalyst Design Based on Structural Studies of Hydrogenase Enzymes / 7.1:
A Layered or Modular Approach to Catalyst Design / 7.3:
Using the First Coordination Sphere to Control the Energies of Catalytic Intermediates / 7.4:
Using the Second Coordination Sphere to Control the Movement of Protons between the Metal and the Exterior of the Molecular Catalyst / 7.5:
Integration of the First and Second Coordination Spheres / 7.6:
Summary / 7.7:
Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Couplings and Cyclizations / Hasnain A. Malik ; Ryan D. Baxter ; John Montgomery8:
Couplings of Alkynes with α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyls / 8.1:
Three-Component Couplings via Alkyl Group Transfer-Methods Development / 8.2.1:
Reductive Couplings via Hydrogen Atom Transfer-Methods Development / 8.2.2:
Mechanistic Insights / 8.2.3:
Metallacycle-Based Mechanistic Pathway / 8.2.3.1:
Use in Natural Product Synthesis / 8.2.4:
Couplings of Alkynes with Aldehydes / 8.3:
Three-Component Couplings via Alkyl Group Transfer-Method Development / 8.3.1:
Reductive Couplings via Hydrogen Atom Transfer-Method Development / 8.3.2:
Simple Aldehyde and Alkyne Reductive Couplings / 8.3.2.1:
Directed Processes / 8.3.2.2:
Diastereoselective Variants: Transfer of Chirality / 8.3.2.3:
Asymmetric Variants / 8.3.2.4:
Cydocondensations via Hydrogen Gas Extrusion / 8.3.3:
Copper-Catalyzed Ligand Promoted Ullmann-type Coupling Reactions / Yongwen Jiang ; Dawei Ma8.3.5:
C-N Bond Formation / 9.1:
Arylation of Amines / 9.2.1:
Arylation of Aliphatic Primary and Secondary Amines / 9.2.1.1:
Arylation of Aryl Amines / 9.2.1.2:
Arylation of Ammonia / 9.2.1.3:
Arylation and Vinylation of N-Heterocycles / 9.2.2:
Coupling of Aryl Halides and N-Heterocycles / 9.2.2.1:
Coupling of Vinyl Bromides and N-Heterocycles / 9.2.2.2:
Aromatic Amidation / 9.2.3:
Cross-Coupling of aryl Halides with Amides and Carbamates / 9.2.3.1:
Cross-Coupling of Vinyl Halides with Amides or Carbamates / 9.2.3.2:
Cross-Coupling of Alkynl Halides with Amides or Carbamates / 9.2.3.3:
Azidation / 9.2.4:
C-0 Bond Formation / 19.3:
Synthesis of Diaryl Ethers / 9.3.1:
Aryloxylation of Vinyl Halides / 9.3.2:
Cross-Coupling of Aryl Halides with Aliphatic Alcohols / 9.3.3:
C-C Bond Formation / 9.4:
Cross-Coupling with Terminal Acetylene / 9.4.1:
The Arylation of Activated Methylene Compounds / 9.4.2:
Cyanation / 9.4.3:
C-S Bond Formation / 9.5:
The Formation of Bisaryl- and Arylalkyl-Thioethers / 9.5.1:
The Synthesis of Alkenylsulfides / 9.5.2:
Assembly of aryl Sulfones / 9.5.3:
C-P Bond Formation / 9.6:
Copper-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition (CuAAC) / M.G. Finn ; Valery V. Fokin9.7:
Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition: Basics / 10.1:
Copper-Catalyzed Cycloadditions / 10.3:
Catalysts and Ligands / 10.3.1:
CuAAC with In Situ Generated Azides / 10.3.2:
Mechanistic Aspects of the CuAAC / 10.3.3:
Reactions of Sulfonyl Azides / 10.3.4:
Copper-Catalyzed Reactions with Other Dipolar Species / 10.3.5:
Examples of Application of the CuAAC Reaction / 10.3.6:
Synthesis of Compound libraries for Biological Screening / 10.3.6.1:
Copper-Binding Adhesives / 10.3.6.2:
Representative Experimental Procedures / 10.3.7:
"Frustrated Lewis Pairs": A Metal-Free Strategy for Hydrogenation Catalysis / Douglas W. Stephan11:
Phosphine-Borane Activation of H2 / 11.1:
"Frustrated Lewis Pairs" / 11.2:
Metal-Free Catalytic Hydxogenation / 11.3:
Future Considerations / 11.4:
Index
Preface
List of Contributors
Catalysis Involving the H* Transfer Reactions of First-Row Transition Metals / John Hartung ; Jack R. Norton1:
56.

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edited by Takayuki Shioiri, Kunisuke Izawa, Toshiro Konoike
出版情報: Hoboken, N.J. : Wiley, 〓2011  1 online resource (xxiv, 502 pages)
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Introductory Remarks / Part 1:
From Milligrams to Tons: The Importance of Synthesis & Process Research in the Development of New Drugs
Future Applications / Part 2:
Design of Dynamic Salt Catalysts Based on Acid-Base Combination Chemistry
Asymmetric Oxidation with Hydrogen Peroxide, an Effective and Versatile Oxidant
New Methods for the Functionalization of Aromatic Compounds
Streamlining Synthesis via C-H Oxidation
Byproduct-Free C-C Bond Formation via Catalytic Hydrogenation and Transfer Hydrogenation
Enzymo-Metallic Dynamic Kinetic Resolution as a New Tool for Chiral Synthesis
Some Progress of Organic Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals in China
Useful Synthtic Technologies / Part 3:
Boron Reagents in Process Chemistry: Excellent Tools for Selective Reductions
Commercialization of a Sodium Hydride Mediated Arylation Process
An Entirely New Methodology for Synthesizing Perfluorinated Compounds
Application of Whole-Cell Biocatalysts in the Manufacture of Fine Chemicals
Construction of Efficient Practical Processes / Part 4:
Synthetic Studies on the Halichondrin B Analog, Eribulin Mesylate
Process Development of An Anthracycline Anticancer Drug
Process Development of HIV Integrase Inhibitor S-1360
An Efficient Synthesis of the PKC Inhibitor JTT-010
Practical Process Development of KRP-103 for Treatment of Urinary Incontinence
Development of a Novel Synthetic Method for RNA Oligomers
Useful Engineering Technologies / Part 5:
Process Research with Explosive Reactions
Novel Resolution Technologies Controlled by Effectively Designed Molecular Recognition Mechanism
Development on New Drug and Crystal Polymorph
Measurements and Mechanism of Drying of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
Matching Chemistry with Chemical Engineering for Optimum Design and Performance of Pharmaceutical Processing
Design Space for Drug Substance - the Approach used for Vandetanib
Introductory Remarks / Part 1:
From Milligrams to Tons: The Importance of Synthesis & Process Research in the Development of New Drugs
Future Applications / Part 2:
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Fritz Appel, Jonathan David Heaton Paul and Michael Oehring
出版情報: Weinheim, Germany : Wiley-VCH, 〓2011  1 online resource (xvi, 745 pages)
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Preface
Figures-Tables Acknowledgement List
Introduction / 1:
References
Constitution / 2:
The Binary Ti-Ai Phase Diagram / 2.1:
Ternary and Multicomponent Alloy Systems / 2.2:
Thermophysical Constants / 3:
Elastic and Thermal Properties / 3.1:
Point Defects / 3.2:
Diffusion / 3.3:
Phase Transformations and Microstructures / 4:
Microstructure Formation on Solidification / 4.1:
Solid-State Transformations / 4.2:
β $ α Transformation / 4.2.1:
Formation of (α2 + γ) Lamellae Colonies / 4.2.2:
Feathery Structures and Widmannstätten Colonies / 4.2.3:
Massive Transformation / 4.2.4:
Deformation Behavior of Single-Phase Alloys / 5:
Single-Phase γ(TiAl) Alloys / 5.1:
Slip Systems and Deformation Kinematics / 5.1.1:
Planar Faults / 5.1.2:
Planar Dislocation Dissociations in γ(TiAl) / 5.1.3:
Nonplanar Dissociations and Dislocation Locking / 5.1.4:
Mechanical Twinning in γ(TiAl) / 5.1.5:
Effects of Orientation and Temperature on Deformation of γ Phase / 5.1.6:
Deformation Behavior of Single-Phase α2(Ti3Al) Alloys / 5.2:
Effects of Orientation and Temperature on Deformation of α2 Phase / 5.2.1:
Pβ/B2 Phase Alloys / 5.3:
Deformation Behavior of Two-Phase α2(Ti3Al) + γ(TiAl) Alloys / 6:
Lamellar Microstructures / 6.1:
Interface Structures in Lamellar TiAl Alloys / 6.1.1:
Energetic Aspects of Lamellar Interfaces / 6.1.2:
Coherent and Semicoheient Interfaces / 6.1.3:
Coherency Stresses / 6.1.4:
Plastic Anisotropy / 6.1.5:
Micromechanical Modeling / 6.1.6:
Deformation Mechanisms, Contrasting Single-Phase and Two-Phase Alloys / 6.2:
Methodical Aspects of TEM Characterization / 6.2.1:
Deformation of (α2 + γ) Alloys at Room Temperature / 6.2.2:
Independent Slip Systems / 6.2.3:
High-Temperature Deformation of (α2 + γ) Alloys / 6.2.4:
Slip Transfer through Lamellae / 6.2.5:
Generation of Dislocations and Mechanical Twins / 6.3:
Dislocation Source Operation in γ(TiAl) / 6.3.1:
Interface-Related Dislocation Generation / 6.3.2:
Twin Nucleation and Growth / 6.3.3:
Twin Intersections / 6.3.4:
Acoustic Emissions / 6.3.5:
Thermal Stability of Twin Structures / 6.3.6:
Glide Resistance and Dislocation Mobility / 6.4:
Thermally Activated Deformation / 6.4.1:
Glide Resistance at the Beginning of Deformation / 6.4.2:
Static and Dynamic Strain Aging of TiAl Alloys / 6.4.3:
Diffusion-Assisted Dislocation Climb, Recovery, and Recrystallization / 6.4.4:
Thermal and Athermal Stresses / 6.5:
Strengthening Mechanisms / 7:
Grain Refinement / 7.1:
Work Hardening / 7.2:
Work-Hardening Phenomena / 7.2.1:
Athermal Contributions to Work Hardening / 7.2.2:
Jog Dragging and Debris Hardening / 7.2.3:
Thermal Stability of Deformation Structures / 7.2.4:
High-Temperature Flow Behavior / 7.2.5:
High Strain-Rate Deformation / 7.2.6:
Solution Hardening / 7.3:
Elemental Size Misfit of Solute Atoms with the TiAl Matrix / 7.3.1:
Survey of Observations / 7.3.2:
Effect of Solute Niobium / 7.3.3:
Precipitation Hardening / 7.4:
Carbide Precipitation in TiAl Alloys / 7.4.1:
Hardening by Carbides / 7.4.2:
Hardening by Borides, Nitrides, Oxides, and Silicides / 7.4.3:
Optimized Nb-Bearing Alloys / 7.5:
Deformation Behavior of Alloys with a Modulated Microstructure / 8:
Modulated Microstructures / 8.1:
Misfitting Interfaces / 8.2:
Mechanical Properties / 8.3:
Creep / 9:
Design Margins and Failure Mechanisms / 9.1:
General Creep Behavior / 9.2:
The Steady-State or Minimum Creep Rate / 9.3:
Two-Phase Α2(TiAl) + γ(TiAl) Alloys / 9.3.1:
Experimental Observation of Creep Structures / 9.3.3:
Effect of Microstructure / 9.4:
Primary Creep / 9.5:
Creep-Induced Degradation of Lamellar Structures / 9.6:
Precipitation Effects Associated with the α2$γ Phase Transformation / 9.7:
Tertiary Creep / 9.8:
Optimized Alloys, Effect of Alloy Composition and Processing / 9.9:
Creep Properties of Alloys with a Modulated Microstructure / 9.10:
Effect of Stress and Temperature / 9.10.1:
Damage Mechanisms / 9.10.2:
Fracture Behavior / 10:
Length Scales in the Fracture of TiAl Alloys / 10.1:
Cleavage Fracture / 10.2:
Crack-Tip Plasticity / 10.3:
Plastic Zone / 10.3.1:
Interaction of Cracks with Interfaces / 10.3.2:
Crack-Dislocation Interactions / 10.3.3:
Role of Twinning / 10.3.4:
Fracture Toughness, Strength, and Ductility / 10.4:
Methodical Aspects / 10.4.1:
Effects of Microstructure and Texture / 10.4.2:
Effect of Temperature and Loading Rate / 10.4.3:
Effect of Predeformation / 10.4.4:
Fracture Behavior of Modulated Alloys / 10.5:
Requirements for Ductility and Toughness / 10.6:
Assessment of Property Variability 3 / 10.7:
Statistical Assessment / 10.7.1:
Variability in Strength and Ductility of TiAl / 10.7.2:
Fracture Toughness Variability of TiAl / 10.7.3:
Fatigue / 11:
Definitions / 11.1:
The Stress-Life (S-N) Behavior / 11.2:
HCF / 11.3:
Fatigue Crack Growth / 11.3.1:
Crack-Closure Effects / 11.3.2:
Fatigue at the Threshold Stress Intensity / 11.3.3:
Effects of Temperature and Environment on the Cyclic Crack-Growth Resistance / 11.4:
LCF / 11.5:
General Considerations / 11.5.1:
Cyclic-Stress Response / 11.5.2:
Cyclic Plasticity / 11.5.3:
Stress-Induced Phase Transformation and Dynamic RecrystaDization / 11.5.4:
Thermomechanical Fatigue and Creep Relaxation / 11.6:
Oxidation Behavior and Related Issues / 12:
Kinetics and Thermodynamics / 12.1:
General Aspects Concerning Oxidation / 12.2:
Effect of Composition / 12.2.1:
Mechanical Aspects of Oxide Growth / 12.2.2:
Effect of Oxygen and Nitrogen / 12.2.3:
Effect of Other Environmental Factors / 12.2.4:
Subsurface Zone, the Z-Phase, and Silver Additions / 12.2.5:
Effect of Surface Finish / 12.2.6:
Ion Implantation / 12.2.7:
Influence of Halogens on Oxidation / 12.2.8:
Embrittlement after High-Temperature Exposure / 12.2.9:
Coatings/Oxidation-Resistant Alloys / 12.2.10:
Summary / 12.3:
Alloy Design / 13:
Effect of Aluminum Content / 13.1:
Important Alloying Elements-General Remarks / 13.2:
Cr, Mn, and V / 13.2.1:
Nb, W, Mo, and Ta / 13.2.2:
B, C, and Si / 13.2.3:
Specific Alloy Systems / 13.3:
Conventional Alloys / 13.3.1:
High Niobium-Containing Alloys / 13.3.2:
B-Solidifying Alloys / 13.3.3:
Massively Transformed Alloys / 13.3.4:
Ingot Production and Component Casting / 13.4:
Ingot Production / 14.1:
Vacuum Arc Melting (VAR) / 14.1.1:
Plasma-Arc Melting (PAM) / 14.1.2:
Induction Skull Melting (ISM) / 14.1.3:
General Comments / 14.1.4:
Casting / 14.2:
Investment Casting / 14.2.1:
Gravity Metal Mold Casting (GMM) / 14.2.2:
Centrifugal Casting / 14.2.3:
Counter gravity Low-Pressure Casting / 14.2.4:
Directional Casting / 14.2.5:
Powder Metallurgy / 14.3:
Prealloyed Powder Technology / 15.1:
Gas Atomization / 15.1.1:
Plasma Inert-Gas Atomization (PIGA) at GKSS / 15.1.1.1:
Titanium Gas-Atomizer Process (TGA) / 15.1.1.2:
Electrode Induction Melting Gas Atomization (EIGA). / 15.1.1.3:
Rota ting-Electrode Processes / 15.1.2:
Rotating-Disc Atomization 53J / 15.1.3:
General Aspects of Atomization / 15.1.4:
Postalomization Processing / 15.1.5:
Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIPing), Hot Working, and Properties / 15.1.5.1:
Laser-Based Rapid-Prototyping Techniques / 15.1.5.2:
Metal Injection Molding (MIM) / 15.1.5.3:
Spray Forming / 15.1.5.4:
Sheet/Foil Production through (i) HIP of Cast Tapes and (ii) Liquid-Phase Sintering / 15.1.5.5:
Spark Sintering / 15.1.5.6:
Elemental-Powder Technology / 15.1.6:
Reactive Sintering / 15.2.1:
Mechanical Properties of Reactive Sintered Material / 15.2.1.1:
Manufacture of Reactively Sintered Components/Parts / 15.2.1.2:
Mechanical Alloying / 15.2.2:
Wrought Processing / 16:
Flow Behavior under Hot-Working Conditions / 16.1:
Flow Curves / 16.1.1:
Constitutive Analysis of the Flow Behavior / 16.1.2:
Conversion of Microstructure / 16.2:
Recrystallization of Single-Phase Alloys / 16.2.1:
Multiphase Alloys and Alloying Effects / 16.2.2:
Influence of Lamellar Interfaces / 16.2.3:
Microstructural Evolution during Hot Working above the Eutectoid Temperature / 16.2.4:
Technological Aspects / 16.2.5:
Workability and Primary Processing / 16.3:
Workability / 16.3.1:
Ingot Breakdown / 16.3.2:
Texture Evolution / 16.4:
Secondary Processing / 16.5:
Component Manufacture through Wrought Processing / 16.5.1:
Rolling - Sheet Production and Selected Mechanical Properties / 16.5.2:
Pack Rolling / 16.5.2.1:
Rolling Defects / 16.5.2.2:
Industrial Production of Sheet / 16.5.2.3:
Mechanical Properties of Sheet / 16.5.2.4:
Superplastic Behavior / 16.5.2.5:
Novel Techniques / 16.5.3:
Manufacture of Large "Defect-Free" Components / 16.5.3.1:
Joining / 17:
Diffusion Bonding / 17.1:
Preface
Figures-Tables Acknowledgement List
Introduction / 1:
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edited by Valentine Nenajdenko
出版情報: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, 2012  1 online resource (xviii, 605 pages)
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edited by Jean Cornier, Andrew Own, Arno Kwade, and Marcel Van de Voorde
出版情報: Weinheim, Germany : Wiley-VCH, 2017  1 online resource
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Nishibayashi, Yoshiaki.
出版情報: Weinheim, Germany : Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co., [2019]  1 online resource
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61.

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edited by Hisashi Yamamoto and Takashi Kato
出版情報: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018  1 online resource
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62.

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edited by Jonah Salz
出版情報: Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2016  1 online resource (xli, 550 p.)
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63.

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edited by Jim McKinley and Heath Rose
出版情報: London : Routledge, 2019  1 online resource (xxi, 529 p.)
シリーズ名: Routledge handbooks in applied linguistics
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64.

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Daniel Freeman and Jason Freeman
出版情報: Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2012  1 online resource (xii, 155 p.)
シリーズ名: Very short introductions ; 318
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David Muir Wood
出版情報: Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2012  1 online resource (xiv, 143 p.)
シリーズ名: Very short introductions ;
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Civil engineering / 1:
Materials of civil engineering / 2:
Water and waste / 3:
'Directing the great sources of power in nature' / 4:
Concept - technology - realisation / 5:
Robustness / 6:
The future / 7:
Further Reading
Civil engineering / 1:
Materials of civil engineering / 2:
Water and waste / 3:
66.

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Lewis Wolpert
出版情報: Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2011  1 online resource (xiii, 132 p.)
シリーズ名: Very short introductions ; 280
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List of illustrations
Introduction
Cells / 1:
Vertebrates / 2:
Invertebrates and plants / 3:
Morphogenesis / 4:
Germ cells and sex / 5:
Cell differentiation and stem cells / 6:
Organs / 7:
Nervous system / 8:
Growth, cancer, and ageing / 9:
Regeneration
Evolution
Glossary
Further reading
Index
List of illustrations
Introduction
Cells / 1:
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David Blockley
出版情報: Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2012  1 online resource (xiv, 135 p.)
シリーズ名: Very short introductions ;
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Andrew Robinson
出版情報: Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2011  1 online resource (xiv, 135 p.)
シリーズ名: Very short introductions ; 259
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Luciano Floridi
出版情報: Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2010  1 online resource (xv, 130 p.)
シリーズ名: Very short introductions ; 225
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Andrew Goudie and Heather Viles
出版情報: Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2010  1 online resource (137 p.)
シリーズ名: Very short introductions ; 240
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Stephen Blundell
出版情報: Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2012  1 online resource (xvi, 142 p.)
シリーズ名: Very short introductions ; 317
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Mysterious attraction? / 1:
The Earth as a magnet / 2:
Current affairs / 3:
Unification / 4:
It's all relative / 5:
Quantum magnetism / 6:
Spin / 7:
The magnetic library / 8:
Magnetism on Earth and in space / 9:
Exotic magnetism / 10:
Mathematical Appendix
Further Reading
Mysterious attraction? / 1:
The Earth as a magnet / 2:
Current affairs / 3:
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Frank A.J.L. James
出版情報: Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2010  1 online resource (xvi, 162 p.)
シリーズ名: Very short introductions ;
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Guido Caldarelli and Michele Catanzaro
出版情報: Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2012  1 online resource (xv, 122 p.)
シリーズ名: Very short introductions ; 335
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A network point of view on the world / 1:
A fruitful approach / 2:
A world of networks / 3:
Connected and close / 4:
Superconnectors / 5:
Emergence of networks / 6:
Digging deeper into networks / 7:
Perfect storms on networks / 8:
All the world's a net. Or not? / 9:
Further Reading
A network point of view on the world / 1:
A fruitful approach / 2:
A world of networks / 3:
74.

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Maxwell Irvine
出版情報: Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2011  1 online resource (xx, 132 p.)
シリーズ名: Very short introductions ;
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目次情報: 続きを見る
Acknowledgements
List of illustrations
List of tables
A new science is born / 1:
A new technology is developed / 2:
Thermal nuclear reactors / 3:
Nuclear fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste / 4:
Nuclear safety / 5:
The cost of nuclear power / 6:
Nuclear fusion power / 7:
The need for nuclear power / 8:
Appendix
Further reading
Index
Acknowledgements
List of illustrations
List of tables
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Peter M. Higgins
出版情報: Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2011  1 online resource (xiii, 132 p.)
シリーズ名: Very short introductions ;
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by David A. Rothery
出版情報: Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2010  1 online resource (xii, 135 p.)
シリーズ名: Very short introductions ;
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Timothy Walker
出版情報: Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2012  1 online resource (129 p.)
シリーズ名: Very short introductions ; 312
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What is a plant? / 1:
Living on dry land / 2:
Making more plants / 3:
Moving around / 4:
Making sense of plant diversity / 5:
What have plants ever done for us? / 6:
Looking after the plants that support us / 7:
What is a plant? / 1:
Living on dry land / 2:
Making more plants / 3:
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John Haigh
出版情報: Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2012  1 online resource (128 p.)
シリーズ名: Very short introductions ; 310
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Nick Middleton
出版情報: Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2012  1 online resource (xviii, 127 p.)
シリーズ名: Very short introductions ; 311
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目次情報: 続きを見る
Introduction
Nature's driver / 1:
Strong brown gods / 2:
Liquid histories / 3:
Roads that move / 4:
Rearranged rivers / 5:
Epilogue
Further Reading
Introduction
Nature's driver / 1:
Strong brown gods / 2:
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Steven W. Lockley and Russell G. Foster
出版情報: Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2012  1 online resource (xvi, 146 p.)
シリーズ名: Very short introductions ;
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The history of sleep / 1:
The generation and regeneration of sleep / 2:
The sleeping brain / 3:
The reasons for sleep / 4:
The seven ages of sleep / 5:
When sleep suffers / 6:
Sleep and health / 7:
Society and sleep / 8:
The 24/7 society / 9:
References
Further Reading
The history of sleep / 1:
The generation and regeneration of sleep / 2:
The sleeping brain / 3:
81.

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Andrew King
出版情報: Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2012  1 online resource (xii, 120 p.)
シリーズ名: Very short introductions ;
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Preface
Science and the stars / 1:
How the Sun survives / 2:
Life on main street / 3:
Cooking the elements / 4:
Stellar corpses / 5:
Finding the bodies / 6:
Measuring the universe / 7:
The beginning / 8:
Further Reading
Preface
Science and the stars / 1:
How the Sun survives / 2:
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Jonathan Slack
出版情報: Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2012  1 online resource (xiv, 130 p.)
シリーズ名: Very short introductions ;
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Peter Holland
出版情報: Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2011  1 online resource (xiv, 126 p.)
シリーズ名: Very short introductions ; 293
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Acknowledgements
List of illustrations
What is an animal? / 1:
Animal phyla / 2:
The evolutionary tree of animals / 3:
Basal animals: sponges, corals, and jellyfish / 4:
The bilaterians: building a body / 5:
Lophotrochozoa: wondrous worms / 6:
Ecdysozoa: insects and nematodes / 7:
Deuterostomes I: starfish, sea squirts, and amphioxus / 8:
Deuterostomes II: the rise of vertebrates / 9:
Deuterostomes III: vertebrates on land / 10:
Enigmatic animals / 11:
Further reading
Index
Acknowledgements
List of illustrations
What is an animal? / 1:
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Klaus Dodds
出版情報: Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2012  1 online resource (xii, 141 p.)
シリーズ名: Very short introductions ; 323
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Acknowledgements
Defining the Antarctic / 1:
Discovering the Antarctic / 2:
Claiming and negotiating the Antarctic / 3:
Governing the Antarctic / 4:
Doing Antarctic science / 5:
Exploiting and protecting the Antarctic / 6:
Further Reading
Index
Acknowledgements
Defining the Antarctic / 1:
Discovering the Antarctic / 2:
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Terence Allen and Graham Cowling
出版情報: Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2011  1 online resource (145 p.)
シリーズ名: Very short introductions ;
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List of illustrations
The nature of cells / 1:
The structure of cells / 2:
The nucleus / 3:
The life of cells / 4:
What cells can do / 5:
Stem cells / 6:
Cellular therapy / 7:
The future of cell research / 8:
Further reading
Glossary
Index
List of illustrations
The nature of cells / 1:
The structure of cells / 2:
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Darrel Ince
出版情報: Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2011  1 online resource (139 p.)
シリーズ名: Very short introductions ;
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The naked computer / 1:
The small computer / 2:
The ubiquitous computer / 3:
The global computer / 4:
The insecure computer / 5:
The disruptive computer / 6:
The cloud computer / 7:
The next computer / 8:
The naked computer / 1:
The small computer / 2:
The ubiquitous computer / 3:
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Jacqueline Stedall
出版情報: Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2012  1 online resource (xvii, 123 p.)
シリーズ名: Very short introductions ; 305
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Mathematics: myth and history / 1:
What is mathematics and who is a mathematician? / 2:
How are mathematical ideas disseminated? / 3:
Learning mathematics / 4:
Mathematical livelihoods / 5:
Getting inside mathematics / 6:
The evolving historiography of mathematics / 7:
Further Reading
Mathematics: myth and history / 1:
What is mathematics and who is a mathematician? / 2:
How are mathematical ideas disseminated? / 3:
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Peter Atkins
出版情報: Oxford : Oxford University Press, c2010  1 online resource (xiv, 103 p.)
シリーズ名: Very short introductions ;
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Preface
The Zeroth Law / 1:
The First Law / 2:
The Second Law / 3:
The Third Law / 4:
Afterword
Preface
The Zeroth Law / 1:
The First Law / 2:
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Lawrence M. Principe
出版情報: Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2011  1 online resource (xiv, 148 p.)
シリーズ名: Very short introductions ; 266
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Introduction: science and natural philosophy
New worlds and old worlds / 1:
The connected world / 2:
The superlunar world / 3:
The sublunar world / 4:
The microcosm and the living world / 5:
The artificial world / 6:
Building a world of science / 7:
Conclusion
Introduction: science and natural philosophy
New worlds and old worlds / 1:
The connected world / 2:
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edited by Evgeny Y. Tsymbal and Igor Zutic
出版情報: Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2018  1 online resource
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Foreword
Preface
About the Editors
Contributors
Spin Transport and Magnetism at the Nanoscale / Section VI:
Spin-Polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscopy / Matthias BodeChapter 1:
Point Contact Andreev Reflection Spectroscopy / Boris E. NadgornyChapter 2:
Ballistic Spin Transport / B. Doudin and N.T. KempChapter 3:
Graphene Spintronics / Csaba Józsa and Bart J. van WeesChapter 4:
Spintronics in 2D Materials / Wei Han and Roland K. KawakamiChapter 5:
Magnetism and Transport in DMS Quantum Dots / Joaquín Fernández-Rossier and R. AguadoChapter 6:
Spin Transport in Hybrid Nanostructures / Saburo Takahashi and Sadamichi MaekawaChapter 7:
Spin Caloritronics / Rafael Ramos and Fiji SaitohChapter 8:
Nonlocal Spin Valves in Metallic Nanostructures / Yoshichika Otani and Takashi Kimura and Yasuhiro Niimi and Hiroshi IdzuchiChapter 9:
Magnetic Skyrmions on Discrete Lattices / Elena Y. Vedmedenko and Roland WiesendangerChapter 10:
Molecular Spintronics / Stefano SanvitoChapter 11:
Applications / Section VII:
Magnetoresistive Sensors Based on Magnetic Tunneling Junctions / Gang XiaoChapter 12:
Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory / Johan ÅkermanChapter 13:
Emerging Spintronic Memories / Stuart Parkin and Masamitsu Hayashi and Luc Thomas and Xin Jiang and Rai Moriya and William GallagherChapter 14:
GMR Spin-Valve Biosensors / Jung-Rok Lee and Richard S. Gaster and Drew A. Hall and Shan X. WangChapter 15:
Semiconductor Spin-Lasers / Igor Zutic and Jeongsu Lee and Christian Gøthgen and Paulo E. Faria Junior and Gaofeng Xu and Guilherme M. Sipahi and Nils C. GerhardtChapter 16:
Spin Logic Devices / Hanan DeryChapter 17:
Spin Wave Logic Devices / Alexander Khitun and Ilya KrivorotovChapter 18:
Index
Foreword
Preface
About the Editors
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edited by Norman S. Allen
出版情報: Hoboken, N.J. : J. Wiley, 〓2010  1 online resource (xv, 689 pages)
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Preface
Contributors
Energy Transfer and Electronic Energy Migration Processes / Li-Juan Fan ; Wayne E. Jones Jr1:
Optical Properties of Polyelectrolytes / Linda Swanson2:
Chemiluminescence Processes in Polymeric Materials / Teresa Corrales ; Carmen Peinado ; Concha Abrusci ; Norman S. Allen ; Fernando Catalina3:
Nonlinear Optical Polymeric Materials / Mirko Faccini ; David N. Reinhoudt ; Willem Verboom4:
Metallodendrimers: Photophysical Properties and Related Applications / Gregory Franc ; Ashok K. Kakkar5:
Photochromic Polymers for Optical Data Storage: Azobenzenes and Photodimers / Avtar S. Matharu ; P.S. Ramanujam6:
Optical and Luminescence Properties and Applications of Metal Complex-Based Polymers / Joe A. Crayston ; Joanne R. Ritchie7:
Photovoltaic Polymer Materials / Hazel Assender ; Aaron Barkhouse8:
Organic Light-Emitting Diodes / Sebastien Forget ; Sebastien Chenais ; Alain Siove9:
Photoinitiators for Free Radical Polymerization Reactions / Jean Pierre Fouassier ; Xavier Allonas ; Jacques Lalevee ; Celine Dietlin10:
Photoinitiated Cationic Polymerization: Reactivity and Mechanistic Aspects / Muhammet U. Kahveci ; Ali Gorkem Yilmaz ; Yusuf Yagci11:
Photoimaging and Lithographic Processes in Polymers / Marius Gabriel Ivan ; Juan Cesar (Tito) Scaiano12:
Photografting of Polymeric Materials / Ali Ekrem Muftuoglu ; Mehmet Atilla Tasdelen13:
Photoablation of Polymer Materials / Lukas Urech ; Thomas Lippert14:
Photodegradation Processes In Polymeric Materials / Jean-Luc Gardette ; Agnes Rivaton ; Sandrine Therias15:
Photodegradable Polymers / Sahar Al-Malaika ; C. Hewitt ; H.H. Sheena16:
Photostabilisation of Polymer Materials / Pieter Gijsman17:
Index
Photoinitiated Cationic Polymerizattion: Reactivity and Mechanistic Aspects / Wayne E. Jones ; Grégory Franc ; Sebastian Chenais ; Jacques Lalevée ; Céline Dietlin
Preface
Contributors
Energy Transfer and Electronic Energy Migration Processes / Li-Juan Fan ; Wayne E. Jones Jr1:
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David A. Cox
出版情報: Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, c2012  1 online resource (603 p.).
シリーズ名: Pure and applied mathematics ;
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[edited by] Julian Jones and Alexis G. Clare
出版情報: Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley, 2012  1 online resource
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List of Contributors
Foreword
Preface
The Unique Nature of Glass / Alexis G. Clare1:
What is Glass? / 1.1:
Making Glass / 1.2:
Homogeneity and Phase Separation / 1.3:
Forming / 1.4:
Glasses that are not "Melted" / 1.5:
Exotic Glass / 1.6:
Summary / 1.7:
Further Reading
Melt-Derived Bioactive Glass / Matthew D. O'Donnell2:
Bioglass / 2.1:
Introduction to Bioglass / 2.1.1:
The Materials Properties of Bioglass / 2.1.2:
Mechanism of Bioactivity and Effect of Glass Composition / 2.1.3:
Network Connectivity and Bioactivity / 2.2:
Alternative Bioactive Glass Compositions / 2.3:
In Vitro Studies / 2.4:
In Vivo Studies and Commercial Products / 2.5:
Animal Studies / 2.5.1:
Human Clinical Studies and Commercial Products / 2.5.2:
References
Sol-Gel Derived Glasses for Medicine / Julian R. Jones3:
Introduction / 3.1:
Why Use the Sol-Gel Process? / 3.2:
Sol-Gel Process Principles / 3.3:
Steps in a Typical Sol-Gel Process / 3.4:
Stage 1: Mixing / 3.4.1:
Stage 2: Casting / 3.4.2:
Stage 3: Gelation / 3.4.3:
Stage 4: Ageing / 3.4.4:
Stage 5: Drying / 3.4.5:
Stage 6: Stabilisation / 3.4.6:
Stage 7: Densification / 3.4.7:
Evolution of Nanoporosity / 3.5:
Making Sol-Gel Monoliths / 3.6:
Making Particles / 3.7:
Sol-Gel Derived Bioactive Glasses / 3.8:
Phosphate Glasses / Delia S. Brauer3.9:
Making Phosphate Glasses / 4.1:
Phosphate Glass Structure / 4.3:
Temperature Behaviour and Crystallisation / 4.4:
Phosphate Glass Dissolution / 4.5:
Cell Compatibility of Glasses / 4.6:
Phosphate Glass Fibres and Composites / 4.7:
Applications / 4.8:
The Structure of Bioactive Glasses and Their Surfaces / Alastair N. Cormack4.9:
Structure of Glasses / 5.1:
Structure of Bioactive Glasses / 5.2:
Computer Modeling (Theoretical Simulation) of Bioactive Glasses / 5.3:
Glass Surfaces / 5.4:
Bioactive Borate Glasses / Steven B. Jung5.5:
What Differentiaties a Bioactive Borate Glass from Other Bioactive Glasses? / 6.1:
Evaluating Reactive Materials (In Vitro Versus In Vivo Testing) / 6.3:
Multifunctional Bioactive Borate Glasses / 6.4:
Applications of Bioactive Borate Glasses in Orthopedics and Dental Regeneration / 6.5:
Soft Tissue Wound Healing / 6.6:
Tissue/Vessel Guidance / 6.7:
Drug Delivery / 6.8:
Commercial Product Design / 6.9:
Glass-Ceramics / Wolfram Höland6.10:
Glass-Ceramics and Their Uses / 7.1:
Methods Used for the Controlled Crystallization of Glasses / 7.2:
A Glass-Ceramic that Hardly Expands When Heated / 7.3:
High-Strength, Moldable Glass-Ceramics for Dental Restoration / 7.4:
Glass-Ceramics that are Moldable and Machinable / 7.5:
Outlook / 7.6:
Bioactive Glass and Glass-Ceramic Coatings / Enrica Verné8:
Enameling / 8.1:
Glazing / 8.3:
Plasma Spraying / 8.4:
Radiofrequency Magnetron Sputtering Deposition / 8.5:
Pulsed Laser Deposition / 8.6:
Composites Containing Bioactive Glass / Aldo R. Boccaccini ; Qi-Zhi Chen8.7:
Biodegradable Polymers / 9.1:
Natural Polymers / 9.2.1:
Synthetic Polymers / 9.2.2:
Composite Scaffolds Containing Bioactive Glass / 9.3:
Processing Technologies for Porous Bioactive Composites / 9.4:
Thermally Induced Phase Separation / 9.4.1:
Solid Freeform Fabrication/Rapid Prototyping / 9.4.2:
Other Processing Routes / 9.4.3:
Case Study: the PDLLA-Bioglass Composite Scaffold System / 9.5:
Final Remarks / 9.6:
Inorganic-Organic Sol-Gel Hybrids / Yuki Shirosaki ; Akiyoshi Osaka ; Kanji Tsuru ; Satoshi Hayakawa10:
Hybrids in Medicine and Why They Should Be Silica-Based / 10.1:
Self-Assembled Hybrid Films and Layers of Grafted Silanes / 10.3:
Sol-Gel Hybrids / 10.4:
Ormosils / 10.5:
Polymer Choice and Property Control in Hybrids / 10.6:
Silica/Gelatin / 10.6.1:
Maintaining Bioactivity in Sol-Gel Hybrids / 10.7:
Calcium Incorporation in Sol-Gel Hybrids / 10.7.1:
Calcium-Containing Ormosils / 10.7.2:
Ormotites / 10.7.3:
Hybrids from Vinylsilanes or Other Bifunctional Silances / 10.7.4:
Summary and Outlook / 10.8:
Dental Applications of Glasses / Leena Hupa ; Antti Yli-Urpo11:
Structure of the Human Tooth / 11.1:
Glass Bioactivity and Teeth / 11.3:
Bioactive Glass in Dental Bone Regeneration / 11.4:
Treatment of Hypersensitive Teeth / 11.5:
Bioactive Glass Coating on Metal Implants / 11.6:
Antimicrobial Properties of Bioactive Glasses / 11.7:
Bioactive Glasses in Polymer Composites / 11.8:
Bioactive Glasses in Glass Ionomer Cements / 11.9:
Bioactive Glass as Synthetic Bone Grafts and Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering / 11.10:
Synthetic Bone Grafts and Regenerative Medicine / 12.1:
Design Criteria for an Ideal Synthetic Bone Graft / 12.3:
Bioglass and the Complication of Crystallisation During Sintering / 12.4:
Making Porous Glasses / 12.5:
Space Holder Method / 12.5.1:
Polymer Foam Replication / 12.5.2:
Direct Foaming / 12.5.3:
Gel-Cast Foaming / 12.5.4:
Sol-Gel Foaming Process / 12.5.5:
Solid Freeform Fabrication / 12.5.6:
Summary of Bioactive Glass Scaffold Processing / 12.5.7:
The Future: Porous Hybrids / 12.6:
Bioactive Glasses and Tissue Engineering / 12.7:
Regulatory Issues / 12.8:
Glasses for Radiotherapy / Delbert E. Day12.9:
Glass Design and Synthesis / 13.1:
Non-Degradable or Bio-inert Glasses: Rare Earth Aluminosilicate Glasses / 13.3:
Preparation / 13.3.1:
Properties / 13.3.2:
Biodegradable Glasses: Rare Earth Borate/Borosilicate Glasses / 13.4:
Design of Radioactive Glass Microspheres for In Vivo Applications / 13.5:
Glass Particle Shape / 13.5.1:
Useful Radioisotopes / 13.5.2:
Radiation Dose / 13.5.3:
Tumor Response and Tailoring of Glass Composition / 13.5.4:
Treatment of Liver Cancer: Hepatocellular Carcinoma / 13.6:
Treatment of Kidney Cancer: Renal Cell Carcinoma / 13.7:
Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Radiation Synovectomy / 13.8:
Index / 13.9:
List of Contributors
Foreword
Preface
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Preface / Emmanuel Defaÿ
The Thermodynamic Approach / Chapter 1:
Background / 1.1:
The functions of state / 1.2:
Linear equations, piezoelectricity / 1.3:
Nonlinear equations, electrostriction / 1.4:
Thermodynamic modeling of the ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition / 1.5:
Assumption on the elastic Gibbs energy / 1.5.1:
Second-order transition / 1.5.2:
Effect of stress / 1.5.3:
First-order transition / 1.5.4:
Conclusion / 1.6:
Bibliography / 1.7:
Stress Effect on Thin Films / Pierre-Eymeric JanolinChapter 2:
Introduction / 2.1:
Modeling the system under consideration / 2.2:
Temperature-misfit strain phase diagrams for monodomain films / 2.3:
Phase diagram construction from the Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire theory / 2.3.1:
Calculations limitations / 2.3.2:
Domain stability map / 2.4:
Presentation and description of the framework of study / 2.4.1:
Main contributions to the total energy of a film / 2.4.2:
Influence of thickness / 2.4.3:
Macroscopic elastic energy for each type of tetragonal domain / 2.4.4:
Indirect interaction energy / 2.4.5:
Domain structures at equilibrium / 2.4.6:
Temperature-misfit strain phase diagram for polydomain films / 2.4.7:
Discussion of the nature of the "misfit strain" / 2.6:
Mechanical misfit strain / 2.6.1:
Thermodynamic misfit strain / 2.6.2:
As an illustration / 2.6.3:
Experimental validation of phase diagrams: state of the art / 2.7:
Case study / 2.9:
Results / 2.10:
Evolution of the lattice parameters / 2.10.1:
Associated stresses and strains / 2.10.2:
Comparison between the experimental data and the temperature-misfit strain phase diagrams / 2.11:
Thin film of PZT / 2.11.1:
Thin layer of PbTiO3 / 2.11.2:
Deposition and Patterning Technologies / Chrystel Deguet ; Gwenaël Le Rhun ; Bertrand Vilquin2.12:
Deposition method / 3.1:
Cathodic sputtering / 3.1.1:
Ion beam sputtering / 3.1.2:
Pulsed laser deposition / 3.1.3:
The sol-gel process / 3.1.4:
The MOCVD / 3.1.5:
Molecular beam epitaxy / 3.1.6:
Etching / 3.2:
Wet etching / 3.2.1:
Dry etching / 3.2.2:
Contamination / 3.3:
Monocrystalline thin-film transfer / 3.4:
Smart Cut™ technology / 3.4.1:
Bonding/thinning / 3.4.2:
Interest in the material in a thin layer / 3.4.3:
State of the art of the domain/applications / 3.4.4:
An exemplary implementation / 3.4.5:
Design of experiments / 3.5:
The assumptions / 3.5.1:
Reproducibility / 3.5.2:
How can we reduce the number of experiments? / 3.5.3:
A DOE example: PZT RF magnetron sputtering deposition / 3.5.4:
Analysis Through X-ray Diffraction of Polycrystalline Thin Films / Patrice Gergaud3.6:
Some reminders of x-ray diffraction and crystallography / 4.1:
Nature of X-rays / 4.2.1:
X-ray scattering and diffraction / 4.2.2:
Application to powder or polycrystalline thin-films / 4.3:
Phase analysis by X-ray diffraction / 4.4:
Grazing incidence diffraction / 4.4.1:
De-texturing / 4.4.2:
Quantitative analysis / 4.4.3:
Identification of coherent domain sizes of diffraction and micro-strains / 4.5:
Analysis methodologies / 4.5.1:
Identification of crystallographic textures by X-ray diffraction / 4.6:
Texture analysis by a symmetric diffractogram / 4.6.1:
Pole figures and orientations distribution function / 4.6.2:
Measurement principle / 4.6.3:
Orientations distribution function / 4.6.4:
Determination of strains/stresses by X-ray diffraction / 4.7:
X-ray diffraction and strain / 4.7.1:
Determination of stresses from strains / 4.7.2:
Specificity of the X-ray diffraction in stress analysis / 4.7.3:
Equipment / 4.7.4:
Example of stress identification by the sin2ψ method / 4.7.5:
Precaution in the case of thin films / 4.7.6:
Application example for a BaxTiO3 film / 4.7.7:
Physicochemical and Electrical Characterization / Brahim Dkhil ; Pascale Gemeiner4.8:
Useful characterization techniques / 5.1:
Electron microscopy / 5.2.1:
Spectroscopy analysis / 5.2.2:
Ferroelectric measurement / 5.3:
Sawyer-Tower assembly / 5.3.1:
''Virtual ground" assembly / 5.3.2:
Dielectric measurement / 5.4:
Radio-Frequency Characterization / Thierry Lacrevaz5.5:
Notions and basic concepts associated with HF / 6.1:
Introduction to the phenomena associated with HF signals / 6.2.1:
Lumped or distributed behavior of an electric circuit / 6.2.2:
Notion of quadripoles: two-port circuits or four-terminal network [MÉS 85] / 6.2.3:
Basic theoretical elements of transmission lines: HF electric model / 6.2.4:
HF electric model of a parallel MIM capacitor / 6.2.5:
Signal flow graph [BOR 93] / 6.2.6:
Scattering waves / 6.2.7:
Scattering parameters: S-parameters / 6.2.8:
Vector network analyzer (VNA) / 6.2.9:
Frequency analysis: HF characterization of materials / 6.3:
Objectives / 6.3.1:
Issues of HF measurements through a VNA / 6.3.2:
Calibration of the measuring system / 6.3.3:
Extraction of the propagation exponent of the transmission line: de-embedding associated with the TRL calibration / 6.3.4:
Extraction results of the complex permittivity of materials SrTiO3andPbZrTiO3 / 6.3.5:
Leakage Currents in PZT Capacitors / Emilien Bouyssou6.4:
Leakage current in metal/insulator/metal structures / 7.1:
Metal/insulator contact: definitions / 7.2.1:
Conduction mechanisms limited by the interfaces / 7.2.2:
Conduction mechanisms limited by the bulk of film / 7.2.3:
Problem of leakage current measurement / 7.3:
Relaxation current and true leakage current / 7.3.1:
Drift of true leakage current / 7.3.2:
Discussion / 7.3.3:
Characterization of the relaxation current / 7.4:
Origin of the relaxation current / 7.4.1:
Modeling of relaxation currents / 7.4.2:
Literature review of true leakage current in PZT / 7.4.3:
Dynamic characterization of true leakage current: I(t, T) / 7.6:
Study of the resistance degradation / 7.6.1:
Study of the resistance restoration phenomenon / 7.6.2:
Static characterization of the true leakage current: I(V,T) / 7.6.3:
Space-charge influenced-injection model / 7.7.1:
Quantitative description of the model / 7.7.2:
Static modeling Jmin(V) and Jmax(V) / 7.7.3:
Integrated Capacitors / 7.8:
Potentiality of perovskites for RF devices: permittivity and losses / 8.1:
RF MTM capacitors of STO and PZT / 8.2.1:
Coplanar line waveguides on PZT / 8.2.2:
How to perform a good integrated capacitor at RF frequencies? / 8.2.3:
Bi-dielectric capacitors with high linearity / 8.3:
Design / 8.3.1:
Technology / 8.3.3:
STO capacitors integrated on CMOS substrate by AIC technology / 8.3.4:
Electrical tests / 8.4.1:
Reliability of PZT Capacitors / 8.4.4:
Accelerated aging of metal/insulator/metal structures / 9.1:
The electrical stresses / 9.2.1:
The breakdown / 9.2.2:
Statistical treatment of breakdown / 9.2.3:
Accelerated aging of PZT capacitors through CVS tests / 9.3:
Literature review / 9.3.1:
Statistical study of time-to-breakdown data / 9.3.2:
Discussion: characterization strategy / 9.3.3:
Lifetime extrapolation of PZT capacitors / 9.4:
Determination of the temperature acceleration factor / 9.4.1:
Determination of voltage acceleration / 9.4.2:
Ferroelectric Tunable Capacitors / Benoit Guigues9.5:
Overview of the tunable capacitors / 10.1:
Applications requiring a tunable element / 10.2.1:
The tunable capacitors / 10.2.2:
Which material to choose? / 10.2.3:
Types of actual tunable capacitors / 10.3:
MTM capacitor / 10.3.1:
Planar capacity / 10.3.2:
Anisotropy effects / 10.3.3:
Toward new tunable capacitors / 10.4:
Composite ferroelectric materials / 10.4.1:
Hybrid tunable capacitor / 10.4.2:
FRAM Ferroelectric Memories: Basic Operations, Limitations, Innovations and Applications / Christophe Muller10.5:
Taxonomy of non-volatile memories / 11.1:
Present and future solutions / 11.1.1:
Difficult penetration of a highly competitive market / 11.1.2:
FRAM memories: basic operations and limitations / 11.2:
Charge storage in a ferroelectric capacitor / 11.2.1:
Ferroelectric materials / 11.2.2:
Technologies available in 2011 / 11.3:
Technological innovations / 11.4:
3D ferroelectric capacitors / 11.4.1:
Ferroelectric field effect transistors / 11.4.2:
What about ferroelectric polymers? / 11.4.3:
Some application areas of FRAM technology / 11.5:
An alternative to EEPROM memories / 11.5.1:
Ferroelectric devices for RFID systems / 11.5.2:
Integration of Multiferroic BiFeO3 Thin Films into Modern Microelectronics / Xiaohong Zhu11.6:
Preparation methods / 12.1:
Chemical solution deposition / 12.2.1:
RF magnetron sputtering / 12.2.3:
Ferroelectricity and magnetism / 12.3:
Ferroelectricity / 12.3.1:
Magnetism / 12.3.2:
Magnetoelectric coupling / 12.3.3:
Device applications / 12.4:
Non-volatile ferroelectric memories / 12.4.1:
Spintronics / 12.4.2:
Terahertz radiation / 12.4.3:
Switchable ferroelectric diodes and photovoltaic devices / 12.4.4:
List of Authors / 12.5:
Index
Preface / Emmanuel Defaÿ
The Thermodynamic Approach / Chapter 1:
Background / 1.1:
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Preface / Emmanuel Defaÿ
General Introduction
Dielectricity, Piezoelectricity, Pyroelectricity and Ferroelectricity / Chapter 1:
Crystal structure / 1.1:
Crystal = lattice + pattern / 1.1.1:
Seven primitive lattices - 14 Bravais lattices / 1.1.2:
Two-hundred and thirty space groups / 1.1.3:
Thirty-two point groups (or crystal classes) / 1.1.4:
Reticular planes / 1.1.5:
X-rays "see" crystals / 1.1.6:
Piezoelectricity, pyroelectricity and ferroelectricity definitions / 1.2:
Simplified examples / 1.3:
Dielectric effect / 1.3.1:
Piezoelectric effect / 1.3.2:
Pyroelectric effect / 1.3.3:
Ferroelectric effect / 1.3.4:
Electrostrictive effect / 1.3.5:
Three typical structures: wurtzite, ilmenite and perovskite / 1.4:
Wurtzite structure / 1.4.1:
Ilmenite structure / 1.4.2:
Perovskite structure / 1.4.3:
Bibliography / 1.5:
Thermodynamic Study: a Structural Approach / Chapter 2:
History / 2.1:
Revisiting statistical thermodynamics / 2.2:
Introduction / 2.2.1:
Notion of equilibrium, statistical postulate / 2.2.2:
Numbers of accessible states of a system / 2.2.3:
Energy variation - work and heat / 2.2.4:
Heat transfer: entropy and absolute temperature / 2.2.5:
Thermal energy: heat transfer / 2.2.6:
Quasistatic transformation with work and heat transfer / 2.2.7:
Example of a constant pressure and temperature experiment / 2.2.8:
State functions / 2.3:
Linear equations - piezoelectricity / 2.4:
Non linear equations - electrostricfion / 2.5:
Ferroelectric-paraelectric Phase Transition Thermodynamic Modeling / 2.6:
Hypothesis on Gibbs' elastic energy / 3.1:
Second-order transition / 3.2:
Effects of stresses / 3.3:
First-order transition / 3.4:
Conclusion / 3.5:
Mechanical Formalism / 3.6:
Hooke's law / 4.1:
Definitions of local strains / 4.3:
Local strains in small strains hypothesis / 4.3.1:
Meaning of matrix S / 4.3.2:
Definition of local strains / 4.4:
The strain tensor / 4.4.1:
Equations of motion in a deformable solid / 4.4.2:
Stress-strain relation / 4.5:
Hooke's generalized law / 4.5.1:
Dynamic relation / 4.5.2:
Elastic energy density / 4.6:
Expression of elastic energy density / 4.6.1:
Symmetry of the elasticity tensor / 4.6.2:
Expression of the elasticity tensor as of symmetry / 4.7:
Dielectric Formalism / 4.8:
The dielectric effect seen by Faraday / 5.1:
Electric polarization and displacement / 5.3:
The dielectric constant / 5.4:
The local field in dielectrics: polarization catastrophe / 5.5:
Dielectric relaxation / 5.6:
The various relaxations / 5.6.1:
Kramers-Kronig relations / 5.6.2:
Electric energy density / 5.7:
Piezoelectric Formalism / Mathieu Pijolat5.8:
Thermodynamic equations / 6.1:
Reducing coefficients using crystal symmetry / 6.2:
Example of a calculation: point group 3m / 6.2.1:
One-dimensional microscopic model / 6.3:
Electromechanical coupling coefficient / 6.4:
Piezoelectric coefficients of key materials / 6.5:
Calculating coupling as a function orientation / 6.6:
Piezoelectric coefficients in the case of ferroelectric materials / 6.7:
Relation between piezoelectric formalism and matter / 6.8:
Acoustic Formalism / Alexandre Reinhardt6.9:
Propagation of bulk waves / 7.1:
Propagation of bulk waves in an elastic medium / 7.1.1:
Elastic wave propagation in a piezoelectric medium / 7.1.2:
Bulk wave resonator / 7.2:
Piezoelectric plate vibrations / 7.2.1:
Plate delimited by arbitrary acoustic impedance media / 7.2.2:
Bimorph plate / 7.2.3:
Piezoelectric plate between two electrodes / 7.2.4:
Equivalent electric circuit / 7.2.5:
Bulk acoustic waves filter / 7.3:
Electrostrictive Formalism / 7.4:
Foundations of electrostriction / 8.1:
Thermodynamic model of electrostriction - case of the resonator / 8.2:
The electrostriction tensor / 8.3:
Microscopic model of electrostriction / 8.4:
One-dimensional model / 8.4.1:
Origin of spontaneous polarization in perovskite crystals / 8.4.2:
Electrostrictive resonator / 8.5:
Electric Characterization / Gwenaël Le Rhun ; Emilien Bouyssou8.6:
Static piezoelectric characterization of thin films / 9.1:
Notion of effective coefficients / 9.1.1:
Model / 9.1.2:
Example of characterization: PZT films / 9.1.4:
Piezoelectric and atomic force microscopy / 9.2:
Atomic force microscope / 9.2.1:
Piezoresponse force microscope / 9.2.2:
Ferroelectric measurement / 9.3:
Sawyer-Tower circuit / 9.3.1:
Virtual ground circuit / 9.3.2:
Dielectric measurement / 9.4:
Leakage current in metal/insulator/metal structures / 9.5:
Metal/insulator contact: definitions / 9.5.1:
Conduction mechanisms limited by the interfaces / 9.5.2:
Bulk-limited conduction mechanisms / 9.5.3:
Piezoelectric Resonators and Filters / Christophe Billard9.6:
Acoustic resonators: principle and history / 10.1:
Quartz resonators / 10.1.1:
High-frequency operation of resonators / 10.1.2:
Perfecting FBAR / 10.1.3:
BAW technology / 10.2:
BAW filter topology / 10.2.1:
Parameters of the BAW resonator and their impact on filter response / 10.2.3:
Examples of realizations / 10.2.4:
CRF technology / 10.3:
Operating principles of CRF filters / 10.3.1:
Example of implementations / 10.3.3:
High Overtone Bulk Acoustic Resonator (HBAR) / Chrystel Deguet ; Sylvain Ballandras10.4:
About HBAR / 11.1:
Generalities / 11.1.1:
Principle / 11.1.2:
Description of the spectrum / 11.1.3:
Technology / 11.2:
Technological constraints / 11.2.1:
Choice of materials / 11.2.2:
Geometry of resonators / 11.2.3:
Examples of implementations / 11.3:
LNO on LNO / 11.3.1:
Validation of parameter extractions: LNO on HBAR/FBAR Si / 11.3.2:
Conclusions about HBAR / 11.4:
Electrostrictive Resonators / Alexandre Volatier ; Brice Ivira ; Christophe Zinck ; Nizar Ben Hassine11.5:
State of the art / 12.1:
Formalism of the electrostrictive resonator / 12.2.1:
Experimental implementations / 12.3:
70/30 BST resonator without acoustic insulation / 12.3.1:
STO resonator on Bragg mirror / 12.3.2:
BST resonator on an acoustic Bragg mirror / 12.3.3:
BST resonator on a membrane / 12.3.4:
Simulation of a filter with electrostrictive resonators / 12.4:
Status of perovskite electrostrictive resonators / 12.5:
PZT-based tunable frequency ferroelectric acoustic resonator / 12.6:
RF characterization and discussion / 12.6.1:
Nonlinear effect in piezoelectric A1N / 12.7:
Piezoelectric-electrostrictive phenomenological model / 12.7.1:
Application: A1N resonator on a Bragg mirror / 12.7.3:
Conclusion with nonlinear A1N / 12.7.4:
Conclusion with electrostriction / 12.8:
Thin Film Piezoelectric Transducers / Matthieu Cueff ; Patrice Rey ; Fabien Filhol12.9:
Resonant membranes / 13.1:
Technology of PZT resonant membranes / 13.3.1:
Frequency characterization of membranes / 13.3.2:
A resonant pressure sensor / 13.3.3:
Conclusion on the study of Si/PZT resonant membranes / 13.3.4:
Resonant micromirror / 13.4:
Technology and design of the resonant micromirror / 13.4.1:
Characterization of the devices / 13.4.3:
Conclusion about micromirrors / 13.4.4:
Piezoelectric micro-switch / 13.5:
Interest in piezoelectric films for micro-switches / 13.5.1:
General description of the component / 13.5.2:
Analytical development of the bimorph beam as actuator of the micro-switch / 13.5.3:
Stack chosen for the piezoelectric actuator / 13.5.4:
Multilayer analytical model / 13.5.5:
Effect of temperature compensation / 13.5.6:
The piezoelectric film / 13.5.7:
Releasing the membrane / 13.5.8:
Electrical characterizations / 13.5.9:
Sign of piezoelectric coefficients / 13.6:
List of Authors / 13.7:
Index
Preface / Emmanuel Defaÿ
General Introduction
Dielectricity, Piezoelectricity, Pyroelectricity and Ferroelectricity / Chapter 1:
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Jeong.
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edited by Wayne K. Talley
出版情報: Chichester, West Sussex ; Malden, Mass. : Wiley-Blackwell, 2012  1 online resource (xxvii, 735 pages)
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List of Figures
List of Tables
Notes on Contributors
Preface
Introduction / Part I:
General Introduction / Wayne K. Talley1:
The Evolution of Maritime Economics / Trevor D. Heaver2:
The Business of Shipping: An Historical Perspective / Ingo Heidbrink3:
International Seaborne Trade / Michael Tamvakis4:
Maritime Carriers And Markets / Part II:
Maritime Carriers in Theory / 5:
Maritime Freight Markets / Siri Pettersen Strandenes6:
Intermodalism and New Trade Flows / Lixian Fan ; Mohan M. Koehler ; Wesley W. Wilson7:
Cruise Lines and Passengers / Simon Véronneau ; Jacques Roy8:
Ferry Passenger Markets / Tor Wergeland9:
Shipping Economics / Part III:
Dry Bulk Shipping / George A. Gratsos ; Helen A. Thanopoulou ; Albert W. Veenstra10:
Liquid Bulk Shipping / Dimitrios V. Lyridis ; Panayotis Zacharioudakis11:
Container Shipping / Theo Notteboom12:
New Business Models and Strategies in Shipping / Peter Lorange ; Øystein D. Fjeldstad13:
Shipping Regulatory Institutions and Regulations / Paul G. Wright14:
Shipping Taxation / Peter Marlow ; Kyriaki Mitroussi15:
Seafarers and Seafaring / Heather Leggate McLaughlin16:
Safety in Shipping / Di Jin ; Hauke Kite-Powell17:
Piracy in Shipping / Maximo Q. Mejia, Jr. ; Pierre Cariou ; François-Charles Wolff18:
Ship Economics / Part IV:
The Economics of Ships / Harilaos N. Psaraftis ; Christos A. Kontovas19:
Ship Finance: US Public Equity Markets / Costas Th. Grammenos ; Nikos C. Papapostolou20:
Ship Finance: US High Yield Bond Market / 21:
Ship Finance: Hedging Ship Price Risk using Freight Derivatives / Amir H. Alizadeh ; Nikos K. Nomikos22:
Marine Insurance / Stanley Mutenga ; Christopher Parsons23:
Port Economics / Part V:
Ports in Theory / 24:
Port Governance / Mary R. Brooks ; Athanasios A. Pallis25:
Port Labor / Peter Turnbull26:
Port Competition and Competitiveness / Wei Yim Yap27:
Container Terminal Effi ciency and Private Sector Participation / Baris Demirel ; Kevin Cullinane ; Hercules Haralambides28:
Determinants of Users' Port Choice / Photis Panayides ; Dong-Wook Song29:
Port Investment and Finance / Sander Dekker ; Robert J. Verhaeghe30:
Ports as Clusters of Economic Activity / Peter W. de Langen ; Elvira Haezendonck31:
Port State Control Inspection Deficiencies / Maximo Q. Mejia, Jr32:
Port Security: The ISPS Code / Adolf K. Y. Ng ; George K. Vaggelas33:
Port Security and the Quality of Port Interchange Service / Venus Y. H. Lun34:
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
Notes on Contributors
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edited by Jean-Marie Dubois and Esther Belin-Ferré
出版情報: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH Verlag, 〓2011  1 online resource (xxiv, 409 pages)
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Foreword
Introduction To The Science Of Cmas / I:
Brief History of the Field
Definition of CMAs
Phase Selection and Stability
Unexpected Transport Properties
Plasticity and Metadislocations
Outlook at Potential Applications
Physics Of Cmas: Theory And Experiments / II:
Electronic Structure
Chemical Bonding Effects
Cluster Based Solids Physics
Transport Properties: Inverse Matthiessen Rule, Wiedemann-Franz Law
Phenomenological Approaches
Hierarchical Scales in Reciprocal Space
Anisotropic Physical Properties of CMAs: Electrical and Thermal Conductivity, Magnetic Susceptibility, Hall Coefficient, Thermoelectric Power
Surface Science Of Cmas / III:
Stability of Alloy Surfaces
Structural Determination of CMA Surfaces
Thin Film Growth on CMA Surfaces
Adhesion, Friction and Wetting Properties of CMA Surfaces
Metallurgy, Preparation And Processing, Thin Films / IV:
Introduction to Thin Film Science
Deposition by MOVCD
Deposition by PVD
Structural Properties
Mechanical Properties
Surface Chemistry Of CMAS / V:
Introduction
Surface Chemistry of CMAs under UHV Environment
Surface Chemistry of CMAs under Environmental Conditions
Surface Chemistry and Reactions in Aqueous Solutions
High-Temperature Corrosion
Mechanical Engineering Properties Of Cmas / VI:
Introduction to CMAs Designed for Mechanical Applications: Structure and Properties, Possible Applications, Single-Phase CMAs and CMA-Reinforced Composites
Processing and Mechanical Properties of CMAs: Solidification, Glassy Precursors, Powder Metallurgy
The Sintering Route
Surface Mechanical Testing and Potential Applications
Thermoelectricity, The Graal Of Cmas / VII:
Materials
Properties
Applications/Demonstrators
Catalysis Catalysis On Intermetallic Compounds / VIII:
CMAS: From Basics To Products / IX:
Foreword
Introduction To The Science Of Cmas / I:
Brief History of the Field
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edited by Richard C. Alkire, Dieter M. Kolb, and Jacek Lipkowski
出版情報: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, 〓2011  1 online resource (xiv, 397 pages)
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Jovcic, Dragan.
出版情報: Newark : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 2019  1 online resource (688 pages)
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