| The Nature of Physical Evidence / 1： |
| Science and the Law / I.： |
| Principles and Processes of Criminalistics / II.： |
| The Principles / A.： |
| The Processes / B.： |
| Identification / 1.： |
| Classification and Individualization / 2.： |
| Association / 3.： |
| Reconstruction / 4.： |
| Fingerprints and DNA / III.： |
| Conventional Blood Typing / IV.： |
| The Collection and Preservation of Physical Evidence / 2： |
| Extraneous Substances |
| Collection of Evidence |
| Preservation of Evidence |
| Evaluation of Evidence |
| RFLP |
| PCR |
| A Short History of DNA Typing / 3： |
| The Scientific Basis of DNA Typing / 4： |
| Why DNA? |
| An Introduction to Human Genetics |
| The Physical Basis of Heredity |
| Alleles: Variations on a Theme |
| Population Genetics / C.： |
| An Introduction to the Molecular Biology of DNA |
| Two Kinds of Variation |
| Enzymes: The Workhorses of the Biological World / V.： |
| An Overview of Forensic DNA Typing Systems / 5： |
| RELP Analysis |
| PCR Amplification |
| HLA DQ[alpha]/HLA DQA1 |
| AmpliType PM |
| D1S80 |
| STRs / D.： |
| Gender Identification / E.： |
| Y-STRs / F.： |
| Mitochondrial DNA / G.： |
| What Kinds of Samples Can be Analyzed? |
| How Much Sample Do You Need? |
| Procedures for Forensic DNA Analysis / 6： |
| Isolation of DNA |
| Chelex Extraction |
| QiaAmp Extraction |
| Organic Extraction |
| Differential Extraction |
| Determining the Quality and Quantity of DNA |
| Determination of Quantity |
| Determination of Quality |
| RFLP Analysis |
| Analysis of PCR Product |
| Sequence Polymorphisms |
| AmpliType PM+DQA1 |
| Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) |
| Length Polymorphisms (D1S80, STRs, Gender ID) |
| Automated Analysis Systems / VI.： |
| Automated DNA Extraction and Amplification |
| Liquid Blood Transfer |
| DNA Extraction |
| Quantitation |
| Amplification |
| Robot Issues / 5.： |
| Summary of Automated Procedures |
| Interpretation of DNA Typing Results / 7： |
| Complicating Factors |
| Multiple Contributors |
| Sexual Assault Evidence |
| Non-sexual Assault Mixtures |
| Degradation |
| Chemical Inhibition of Enzymes |
| Non-human DNA |
| System-Specific Interpretational Issues |
| Multi-(More Than Two) Banded Patterns |
| Single-Banded Patterns |
| Summary of RFLP Interpretational Issues |
| PCR Systems |
| Nuclear DNA |
| Summary of PCR Systems Interpretational Issues |
| Summary of DNA Interpretation Issues |
| Assessing the Strength of the Evidence / 8： |
| Determination of Genetic Concordance |
| Continuous Allele Systems |
| Discrete Allele Systems |
| Evaluation of Results |
| Frequency Estimate Calculations |
| Population Substructure |
| Estimating Frequencies |
| Continuous Allele Systems (RFLP) |
| Discrete Allele Systems (all PCR systems) |
| Correction Factors |
| Relatives |
| Counting Method |
| Error Rates / 6.： |
| Likelihood Ratios |
| What Is the Question? |
| Complex Evidence |
| Mixtures |
| Articulating the Hypothesis |
| When Is a DNA Profile Unique |
| The DNA Databank / 9： |
| Premise of a Databank |
| The Difference Between a Databank and a Database |
| Elements of a Successful Databank |
| Legislation |
| Collection of Samples |
| Offenders |
| Cases |
| Analysis of Samples |
| Choice of Markers |
| Transforming Analyzed Data into a Database |
| The Computer Program |
| Communication Between Laboratories |
| Privacy |
| Flow of Offender Data into the Databank |
| Import of Profiles into the Database |
| Categories and Indexes |
| Searching Profiles / 7.： |
| Confirmation of a Match / 8.： |
| United States Statistics / 9.： |
| Summary |
| Quality Assurance / 10： |
| Certification and Accreditation |
| Certification |
| Accreditation |
| SWDAM (Formerly TWGDAM) |
| NRC I and II |
| NRC I |
| NRC II |
| Federal DNA Advisory Board |
| Admissibility Standards: Science on Trial in the Courtroom / 11： |
| Frye, Daubert, and the Federal Rules of Evidence |
| The Frye Standard |
| The Federal Rules of Evidence |
| The Daubert Standard |
| Past Admissibility |
| DNA: Some Landmark Cases |
| PCR: DQ[alpha]/A1, Polymarker, D1S80 |
| PCR: STRs |
| The State of the Debate |
| Epilogue / 12： |
| Glossary / Appendix A： |
| Key Phrases / Appendix B： |
| Assessment Tools / Appendix C： |
| Chromosomal Locations / Appendix D： |
| Profile Frequency Calculation / Appendix E： |
| Likelihood Ratio and Probability of Exclusion / Appendix F： |
| DAB 98 / Appendix G： |
| DAB Statistics / Appendix H： |
| NRC I, II / Appendix I： |
| DNA Statutes / Appendix J： |
| DNA Decision Summary / Appendix K： |
| List STR decisions / Appendix L： |
| Internet Resources / Appendix M： |
| Index |
| The Nature of Physical Evidence / 1： |
| Science and the Law / I.： |
| Principles and Processes of Criminalistics / II.： |
図書
