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1.

電子ブック

EB
Giovanni Pezzulo, Martin V. Butz, Cristiano Castelfranchi, Rino Falcone, J?rg Siekmann
出版情報: Springer eBooks Computer Science , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008
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目次情報: 続きを見る
Theory / Part I:
Introduction: Anticipation in Natural and Artificial Cognition / Giovanni Pezzulo ; Martin V. Butz ; Cristiano Castelfranchi ; Rino Falcone1:
Introduction / 1.1:
The Path to Anticipatory Cognitive Systems / 1.2:
Symbolic Behavior, Representation-Less Behavior, and Their Merge to Anticipatory Behavior / 1.2.1:
The Power of Anticipation: From Reactivity to Proactivity / 1.2.2:
The Anticipatory Approach to Cognitive Systems / 1.2.3:
The Unitary Nature of Anticipation / 1.2.4:
Anticipation in Living Organisms / 1.3:
Anticipatory Natural Cognition / 1.3.1:
Anticipatory Codes in the Brain / 1.3.2:
Simulative Theories of Cognition, and Their Unifying Nature / 1.3.3:
Conclusions / 1.4:
The Anticipatory Approach: Definitions and Taxonomies / 2:
Anticipatory Systems, Anticipation, and Anticipatory Behavior / 2.1:
Prediction vs. Anticipation / 2.2:
Predictive Capabilities / 2.2.1:
Anticipatory Capabilities / 2.2.2:
Anticipation and Goal-Oriented Behavior / 2.3:
The Anticipatory Structure of Goal-Oriented Behavior / 2.3.1:
Not All Anticipatory Behavior Is Goal-Oriented / 2.3.2:
Which Anticipations Permit Goal-Oriented Action? / 2.3.3:
The Hierarchical Organization of Anticipatory Goal-Oriented Action / 2.3.4:
Additional Elements of True Goal-Oriented Behavior / 2.3.5:
Anticipation and Learning / 2.4:
Learning to Predict / 2.4.1:
Bootstrapping Autonomous Cognitive Development: Surprise and Curiosity / 2.4.2:
From Willed to Automatic Control of Action and Vice Versa on the Basis of Surprise / 2.4.3:
Benefits of Anticipations in Cognitive Agents / 2.5:
Potentials for Anticipatory Systems / 3.1:
Potential Benefits of Anticipatory Mechanisms on Cognitive Functions / 3.2:
Effective, Context-Based Action Initiation / 3.2.1:
Faster and Smoother Behavior Execution / 3.2.2:
Improving Top-Down Attention / 3.2.3:
Improving Information Seeking / 3.2.4:
Improving Decision Making / 3.2.5:
Object Grounding, Categorization, and Ontologies / 3.2.6:
Social Abilities / 3.2.7:
Learning / 3.2.8:
Arising Challenges Due to Anticipations and Avoiding Them / 3.3:
Conclusion / 3.4:
Models, Architectures, and Applications / Part II:
Anticipation in Attention / Christian Balkenius ; Alexander Forster ; Birger Johansson ; Vin Thorsteinsdottir4:
Learning What to Look at / 4.1:
A Learning Saliency Map / 4.2.1:
Cue-Target Learning / 4.3:
Cueing by a Single Stimulus / 4.3.1:
Contextual Cueing / 4.3.2:
Fovea Based Solution / 4.3.3:
Attending to Moving Targets / 4.4:
Models of Smooth Pursuit / 4.4.1:
Engineering Approaches / 4.4.2:
The State Based Approach / 4.4.3:
The Prediction Approach / 4.4.4:
The Fovea Based Approach / 4.4.5:
Combining Bottom-Up and Top-Down Processes / 4.5:
Anticipatory, Goal-Directed Behavior / Oliver Herbort5:
A Brief History of Schemas / 5.1:
Schema Approaches / 5.2:
Symbolic Schemas for Policy Learning / 5.2.1:
Symbolic Schemas and Prediction for Selection / 5.2.2:
Neural-Based Planning / 5.2.3:
Neural Network-Based Dynamic Programming / 5.2.4:
Inverse Model Approaches / 5.3:
Inverse Models in Motor Learning and Control / 5.3.1:
Inverse Models and Schema Approaches / 5.3.2:
Advanced Structures / 5.4:
Prediction and Action / 5.4.1:
Coupled Forward-Inverse Models / 5.4.2:
Hierarchical Anticipatory Systems / 5.4.3:
Evaluation of Predictive and Anticipatory Capabilities / 5.5:
Schema-Based Systems / 5.5.1:
Discussion / 5.5.2:
Contrasting Predictive System Capabilities / 5.6.1:
Contrasting Anticipatory System Capabilities / 5.6.2:
Integration / 5.6.3:
Anticipation and Believability / Carlos Martinho ; Ana Paiva5.7:
Animation and Believability / 6.1:
Emotion and Exaggeration / 6.1.2:
Anticipation / 6.1.3:
Anticipation, Emotion, and Believability / 6.1.4:
Related Work / 6.2:
Oz Project / 6.2.1:
EMA / 6.2.2:
Duncan the Highland Terrier / 6.2.3:
Emotivector / 6.3:
Architecture / 6.3.1:
Anticipation Model / 6.3.2:
Salience Model / 6.3.3:
Sensation Model / 6.3.4:
Selection Model / 6.3.5:
Uncertainty / 6.3.6:
Aini, the Synthetic Flower / 6.4:
Emotivectors in Action / 6.4.1:
Evaluation / 6.4.2:
iCat, the Affective Game Buddy / 6.5:
Emotivector Integration in Agent Architectures / 6.5.1:
Anticipation and Emotions for Goal Directed Agents / Emiliano Lorini ; Michele Piunti ; Maria Miceli6.7:
Related Works in Affective Computing / 7.1:
Expectations and Surprise / 7.3:
A Typology of Expectations and Predictions / 7.3.1:
From the Typology of Expectations to the Typology of Surprise / 7.3.2:
Roles of Surprise in Cognitive Processing / 7.3.3:
Expectations and Emotions for Goal-Directed Agents / 7.4:
Expectations and Decision Making / 7.4.1:
Situated Agents and Affective States / 7.4.2:
Confidence of Predictions and Modulation of the Probability Function / 7.4.3:
A Reinforcement-Learning Model of Top-Down Attention Based on a Potential-Action Map / Dimitri Ognibene ; Gianluca Baldassarre7.4.4:
Methods / 8.1:
RGB Camera Input / 8.2.1:
Saliency Map and Action Selection / 8.2.2:
Fovea / 8.2.3:
Periphery Map / 8.2.4:
Inhibition-of-Return Map / 8.2.5:
Potential Action Map / 8.2.6:
Actor-Critic Model / 8.2.7:
Parameter Settings / 8.2.8:
The Tasks / 8.2.9:
Results / 8.3:
Learning and Performance of the Models / 8.3.1:
Bottom-Up Attention: Periphery Map and Inhibition-of-Return Map / 8.3.2:
Analysis of the Vote Maps / 8.3.3:
Capability of Learning to Stay, and of Staying, on the Target / 8.3.4:
Potential Action Map: An Action-Oriented Memory of Cue Information / 8.3.5:
Potential Action Map: Capacity to Integrate Multiple Sources of Information / 8.3.6:
Anticipation by Analogy / Boicho Kokinov ; Maurice Grinberg ; Georgi Petkov ; Kiril Kiryazov8.4:
The Anticipation by Analogy Scenario / 9.1:
Models of Analogy-Making / 9.3:
AMBR Model of Analogy-Making / 9.4:
Integrating Visual Perception and Motor Control in AMBR / 9.5:
Top-Down Perception / 9.5.1:
Attention / 9.5.2:
Transfer of the Solution / 9.5.3:
Action Execution / 9.5.4:
Running the Simulated Model and Comparing It with Human Data / 9.6:
Comparing with Human Data / 9.6.1:
Running the Real Robot Model in the Real World / 9.7:
Ikaros / 9.7.1:
AMBR2Robot / 9.7.2:
Tests / 9.7.3:
Mechanisms for Active Vision / 9.8:
Discussion and Conclusion / 9.9:
Anticipation in Coordination / Emilian Lalev10:
The Prisoner's Dilemma Game / 10.1:
Related Research / 10.2:
Fictitious Play / 10.2.1:
Strategic Teaching and Reputation Formation / 10.2.2:
Social Order and Coordination / 10.2.3:
Anticipation and Information Processing in Societies / 10.2.4:
Agent Architecture and Decision Making Model / 10.3:
The Model / 10.3.1:
Judgment and Decision Making / 10.3.2:
Game Simulations with Individual Agents: Comparison with Experimental Results / 10.4:
Comparison of the Model with Experimental Results / 10.4.1:
Multi-Agent Simulations / 10.5:
Agent Societies / 10.5.1:
Simulation Results and Discussions / 10.5.2:
Endowing Artificial Systems with Anticipatory Capabilities: Success Cases / 10.6:
Flexible Goal-Directed Arm Control: The SURE_REACH Architecture / 11.1:
Learning Cognitive Maps for Anticipatory Control: Time Growing Neural Gas / 11.3:
Learning Effective Directional Arm Control: The Evolutionary System XCSF / 11.4:
Anticipatory Target Motion Prediction / 11.5:
Anticipatory Spatial Attention with Saliency Maps / 11.6:
Behavior Prediction in a Group of Robots / 11.7:
Enhanced Adaptivity in a Predator-Prey Scenario / 11.8:
Adaptive Navigation and Control with Anticipation / 11.9:
Mental Experiments for Selecting Actions / 11.10:
Anticipations for Believable Behavior / 11.11:
Anticipatory Behavior in a Searching-for-an-Object Task / 11.12:
The Role of Anticipation in Cooperation and Coordination / 11.13:
Anticipatory Effects of Expectations and Emotions / 11.14:
On-Line and Off-Line Anticipation for Action Control / 11.15:
References / 11.16:
Theory / Part I:
Introduction: Anticipation in Natural and Artificial Cognition / Giovanni Pezzulo ; Martin V. Butz ; Cristiano Castelfranchi ; Rino Falcone1:
Introduction / 1.1:
2.

電子ブック

EB
Giovanni Pezzulo, Gianluca Baldassarre, Martin V. Butz, Takeo Kanade, Olivier Sigaud
出版情報: Springer eBooks Computer Science , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009
所蔵情報: loading…
目次情報: 続きを見る
Introduction
From Sensorimotor to Higher-Level Cognitive Processes: An Introduction to Anticipatory Behavior Systems / Giovanni Pezzulo ; Martin V. Butz ; Olivier Sigaud ; Gianluca Baldassarre
Anticipation in Psychology: Focus on the Ideomotor View
ABC: A Psychological Theory of Anticipative Behavioral Control / Joachim Hoffmann
Anticipative Control of Voluntary Action: Towards a Computational Model / Pascal Haazebroek ; Bernhard Hommel
Theoretical and Review Contributions
Driven by Compression Progress: A Simple Principle Explains Essential Aspects of Subjective Beauty, Novelty, Surprise, Interestingness, Attention, Curiosity, Creativity, Art, Science, Music, Jokes / Jürgen Schmidhuber
Steps to a Cyber-Physical Model of Networked Embodied Anticipatory Behavior / Fabio P. Bonsignorio
Neural Pathways of Embodied Simulation / Henrik Svensson ; Anthony F. Morse ; Tom Ziemke
Anticipation and Dynamical Systems
The Autopoietic Nature of the "Inner World": A Study with Evolved "Blind" Robots / Michela Ponticorvo ; Domenico Parisi ; Orazio Miglino
The Cognitive Body: From Dynamic Modulation to Anticipation / Alberto Montebelli ; Robert Lowe
Computational Modelling of Psychological Processes in the Individual and Social Domains
A Neurocomputational Model of Anticipation and Sustained Inattentional Blindness in Hierarchies
Anticipation of Time Spans: New Data from the Foreperiod Paradigm and the Adaptation of a Computational Model / Johannes Lohmann ; Oliver Herbort ; Annika Wagener ; Andrea Kiesel
Collision-Avoidance Characteristics of Grasping: Early Signs in Hand and Arm Kinematics / Janneke Lommertzen ; Eliana Costa e Silva ; Raymond H. Cuijpers ; Ruud G.J. Meulenbroek
The Role of Anticipation on Cooperation and Coordination in Simulated Prisoner's Dilemma Game Playing / Maurice Grinberg ; Emilian Laleu
Behavioral and Cognitive Capabilities Based on Anticipation
A Two-Level Model of Anticipation-Based Motor Learning for Whole Body Motion / Camille Salaün ; Vincent Padois
Space Perception through Visuokinesthetic Prediction / Wolfram Schenck
Anticipatory Driving for a Robot-Car Based on Supervised Learning / Irene Markelić ; Tomas Kuluiĉius ; Minija Tamosiunaite ; Florentin Wörgötter
Computational Frameworks and Algorithms for Anticipation, and Their Evaluation
Prediction Time in Anticipatory Systems / Birger Johansson ; Christian Balkenius
Multiscale Anticipatory Behavior by Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning / Matthias Rungger ; Hao Ding ; Olaf Stursberg
Anticipatory Learning Classifier Systems and Factored Reinforcement Learning / Olga Kozlova ; Christophe Meyer
Author Index
Introduction
From Sensorimotor to Higher-Level Cognitive Processes: An Introduction to Anticipatory Behavior Systems / Giovanni Pezzulo ; Martin V. Butz ; Olivier Sigaud ; Gianluca Baldassarre
Anticipation in Psychology: Focus on the Ideomotor View
3.

電子ブック

EB
Martin V. Butz, Gianluca Baldassarre, Giovanni Pezzulo, J?rg Siekmann, Olivier Sigaud
出版情報: Springer eBooks Computer Science , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007
所蔵情報: loading…
目次情報: 続きを見る
Introduction
Anticipations, Brains, Individual and Social Behavior: An Introduction to Anticipatory Systems / Martin V. Butz ; Olivier Sigaud ; Giovanni Pezzulo ; Gianluca Baldassarre
Anticipatory Aspects in Brains, Language, and Cognition
Neural Correlates of Anticipation in Cerebellum, Basal Ganglia, and Hippocampus / Jason G. Fleischer
The Role of Anticipation in the Emergence of Language / Samarth Swarup ; Les Gasser
Superstition in the Machine / Alexander Riegler
Individual Anticipatory Frameworks
From Actions to Goals and Vice-Versa: Theoretical Analysis and Models of the Ideomotor Principle and TOTE / Cristiano Castelfranchi ; Joachim Hoffmann
Project "Animat Brain": Designing the Animat Control System on the Basis of the Functional Systems Theory / Vladimir G. Red'ko ; Konstantin V. Anokhin ; Mikhail S. Burtsev ; Alexander I. Manolov ; Oleg P. Mosalov ; Valentin A. Nepomnyashchikh ; Danil V. Prokhorov
Cognitively Inspired Anticipatory Adaptation and Associated Learning Mechanisms for Autonomous Agents / Aregahegn Negatu ; Sidney D'Mello ; Stan Franklin
Schema-Based Design and the AKIRA Schema Language: An Overview / Gianguglielmo Calvi
Learning Predictions and Anticipations
Training and Application of a Visual Forward Model for a Robot Camera Head / Wolfram Schenck ; Ralf Moller
A Distributed Computational Model of Spatial Memory Anticipation During a Visual Search Task / Jeremy Fix ; Julien Vitay ; Nicolas P. Rougier
A Testbed for Neural-Network Models Capable of Integrating Information in Time / Stefano Zappacosta ; Stefano Nolfi
Construction of an Internal Predictive Model by Event Anticipation / Philippe Capdepuy ; Daniel Polani ; Chrystopher L. Nehaniv
Anticipatory Individual Behavior
The Interplay of Analogy-Making with Active Vision and Motor Control in Anticipatory Robots / Kiril Kiryazov ; Georgi Petkov ; Maurice Grinberg ; Boicho Kokinov ; Christian Balkenius
An Intrinsic Neuromodulation Model for Realizing Anticipatory Behavior in Reaching Movement Under Unexperienced Force Fields / Toshiyuki Kondo ; Koji Ito
Anticipating Rewards in Continuous Time and Space: A Case Study in Developmental Robotics / Arnaud J. Blanchard ; Lola Canamero
Anticipatory Model of Musical Style Imitation Using Collaborative and Competitive Reinforcement Learning / Arshia Cont ; Shlomo Dubnov ; Gerard Assayag
Anticipatory Social Behavior
An Anticipatory Trust Model for Open Distributed Systems / Mario Gomez ; Javier Carbo ; Clara Benac-Earle
Anticipatory Alignment Mechanisms for Behavioral Learning in Multi Agent Systems / Gerben G. Meyer ; Nick B. Szirbik
Backward vs. Forward-Oriented Decision Making in the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma: A Comparison Between Two Connectionist Models / Emilian Lalev
An Experimental Study of Anticipation in Simple Robot Navigation / Birger Johansson
Author Index
Introduction
Anticipations, Brains, Individual and Social Behavior: An Introduction to Anticipatory Systems / Martin V. Butz ; Olivier Sigaud ; Giovanni Pezzulo ; Gianluca Baldassarre
Anticipatory Aspects in Brains, Language, and Cognition
4.

電子ブック

EB
Martin V. Butz, Gianluca Baldassarre, Giovanni Pezzulo, Jörg Siekmann, Olivier Sigaud
出版情報: SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007
所蔵情報: loading…
目次情報: 続きを見る
Introduction
Anticipations, Brains, Individual and Social Behavior: An Introduction to Anticipatory Systems / Martin V. Butz ; Olivier Sigaud ; Giovanni Pezzulo ; Gianluca Baldassarre
Anticipatory Aspects in Brains, Language, and Cognition
Neural Correlates of Anticipation in Cerebellum, Basal Ganglia, and Hippocampus / Jason G. Fleischer
The Role of Anticipation in the Emergence of Language / Samarth Swarup ; Les Gasser
Superstition in the Machine / Alexander Riegler
Individual Anticipatory Frameworks
From Actions to Goals and Vice-Versa: Theoretical Analysis and Models of the Ideomotor Principle and TOTE / Cristiano Castelfranchi ; Joachim Hoffmann
Project "Animat Brain": Designing the Animat Control System on the Basis of the Functional Systems Theory / Vladimir G. Red'ko ; Konstantin V. Anokhin ; Mikhail S. Burtsev ; Alexander I. Manolov ; Oleg P. Mosalov ; Valentin A. Nepomnyashchikh ; Danil V. Prokhorov
Cognitively Inspired Anticipatory Adaptation and Associated Learning Mechanisms for Autonomous Agents / Aregahegn Negatu ; Sidney D'Mello ; Stan Franklin
Schema-Based Design and the AKIRA Schema Language: An Overview / Gianguglielmo Calvi
Learning Predictions and Anticipations
Training and Application of a Visual Forward Model for a Robot Camera Head / Wolfram Schenck ; Ralf Moller
A Distributed Computational Model of Spatial Memory Anticipation During a Visual Search Task / Jeremy Fix ; Julien Vitay ; Nicolas P. Rougier
A Testbed for Neural-Network Models Capable of Integrating Information in Time / Stefano Zappacosta ; Stefano Nolfi
Construction of an Internal Predictive Model by Event Anticipation / Philippe Capdepuy ; Daniel Polani ; Chrystopher L. Nehaniv
Anticipatory Individual Behavior
The Interplay of Analogy-Making with Active Vision and Motor Control in Anticipatory Robots / Kiril Kiryazov ; Georgi Petkov ; Maurice Grinberg ; Boicho Kokinov ; Christian Balkenius
An Intrinsic Neuromodulation Model for Realizing Anticipatory Behavior in Reaching Movement Under Unexperienced Force Fields / Toshiyuki Kondo ; Koji Ito
Anticipating Rewards in Continuous Time and Space: A Case Study in Developmental Robotics / Arnaud J. Blanchard ; Lola Canamero
Anticipatory Model of Musical Style Imitation Using Collaborative and Competitive Reinforcement Learning / Arshia Cont ; Shlomo Dubnov ; Gerard Assayag
Anticipatory Social Behavior
An Anticipatory Trust Model for Open Distributed Systems / Mario Gomez ; Javier Carbo ; Clara Benac-Earle
Anticipatory Alignment Mechanisms for Behavioral Learning in Multi Agent Systems / Gerben G. Meyer ; Nick B. Szirbik
Backward vs. Forward-Oriented Decision Making in the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma: A Comparison Between Two Connectionist Models / Emilian Lalev
An Experimental Study of Anticipation in Simple Robot Navigation / Birger Johansson
Author Index
Introduction
Anticipations, Brains, Individual and Social Behavior: An Introduction to Anticipatory Systems / Martin V. Butz ; Olivier Sigaud ; Giovanni Pezzulo ; Gianluca Baldassarre
Anticipatory Aspects in Brains, Language, and Cognition
5.

電子ブック

EB
Giovanni Pezzulo, Gianluca Baldassarre, Martin V. Butz, Takeo Kanade, Olivier Sigaud
出版情報: SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009
所蔵情報: loading…
目次情報: 続きを見る
Introduction
From Sensorimotor to Higher-Level Cognitive Processes: An Introduction to Anticipatory Behavior Systems / Giovanni Pezzulo ; Martin V. Butz ; Olivier Sigaud ; Gianluca Baldassarre
Anticipation in Psychology: Focus on the Ideomotor View
ABC: A Psychological Theory of Anticipative Behavioral Control / Joachim Hoffmann
Anticipative Control of Voluntary Action: Towards a Computational Model / Pascal Haazebroek ; Bernhard Hommel
Theoretical and Review Contributions
Driven by Compression Progress: A Simple Principle Explains Essential Aspects of Subjective Beauty, Novelty, Surprise, Interestingness, Attention, Curiosity, Creativity, Art, Science, Music, Jokes / Jürgen Schmidhuber
Steps to a Cyber-Physical Model of Networked Embodied Anticipatory Behavior / Fabio P. Bonsignorio
Neural Pathways of Embodied Simulation / Henrik Svensson ; Anthony F. Morse ; Tom Ziemke
Anticipation and Dynamical Systems
The Autopoietic Nature of the "Inner World": A Study with Evolved "Blind" Robots / Michela Ponticorvo ; Domenico Parisi ; Orazio Miglino
The Cognitive Body: From Dynamic Modulation to Anticipation / Alberto Montebelli ; Robert Lowe
Computational Modelling of Psychological Processes in the Individual and Social Domains
A Neurocomputational Model of Anticipation and Sustained Inattentional Blindness in Hierarchies
Anticipation of Time Spans: New Data from the Foreperiod Paradigm and the Adaptation of a Computational Model / Johannes Lohmann ; Oliver Herbort ; Annika Wagener ; Andrea Kiesel
Collision-Avoidance Characteristics of Grasping: Early Signs in Hand and Arm Kinematics / Janneke Lommertzen ; Eliana Costa e Silva ; Raymond H. Cuijpers ; Ruud G.J. Meulenbroek
The Role of Anticipation on Cooperation and Coordination in Simulated Prisoner's Dilemma Game Playing / Maurice Grinberg ; Emilian Laleu
Behavioral and Cognitive Capabilities Based on Anticipation
A Two-Level Model of Anticipation-Based Motor Learning for Whole Body Motion / Camille Salaün ; Vincent Padois
Space Perception through Visuokinesthetic Prediction / Wolfram Schenck
Anticipatory Driving for a Robot-Car Based on Supervised Learning / Irene Markelić ; Tomas Kuluiĉius ; Minija Tamosiunaite ; Florentin Wörgötter
Computational Frameworks and Algorithms for Anticipation, and Their Evaluation
Prediction Time in Anticipatory Systems / Birger Johansson ; Christian Balkenius
Multiscale Anticipatory Behavior by Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning / Matthias Rungger ; Hao Ding ; Olaf Stursberg
Anticipatory Learning Classifier Systems and Factored Reinforcement Learning / Olga Kozlova ; Christophe Meyer
Author Index
Introduction
From Sensorimotor to Higher-Level Cognitive Processes: An Introduction to Anticipatory Behavior Systems / Giovanni Pezzulo ; Martin V. Butz ; Olivier Sigaud ; Gianluca Baldassarre
Anticipation in Psychology: Focus on the Ideomotor View
6.

電子ブック

EB
Giovanni Pezzulo, Martin V. Butz, Cristiano Castelfranchi, Rino Falcone, Jörg Siekmann
出版情報: SpringerLink Books - AutoHoldings , Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008
所蔵情報: loading…
目次情報: 続きを見る
Theory / Part I:
Introduction: Anticipation in Natural and Artificial Cognition / Giovanni Pezzulo ; Martin V. Butz ; Cristiano Castelfranchi ; Rino Falcone1:
Introduction / 1.1:
The Path to Anticipatory Cognitive Systems / 1.2:
Symbolic Behavior, Representation-Less Behavior, and Their Merge to Anticipatory Behavior / 1.2.1:
The Power of Anticipation: From Reactivity to Proactivity / 1.2.2:
The Anticipatory Approach to Cognitive Systems / 1.2.3:
The Unitary Nature of Anticipation / 1.2.4:
Anticipation in Living Organisms / 1.3:
Anticipatory Natural Cognition / 1.3.1:
Anticipatory Codes in the Brain / 1.3.2:
Simulative Theories of Cognition, and Their Unifying Nature / 1.3.3:
Conclusions / 1.4:
The Anticipatory Approach: Definitions and Taxonomies / 2:
Anticipatory Systems, Anticipation, and Anticipatory Behavior / 2.1:
Prediction vs. Anticipation / 2.2:
Predictive Capabilities / 2.2.1:
Anticipatory Capabilities / 2.2.2:
Anticipation and Goal-Oriented Behavior / 2.3:
The Anticipatory Structure of Goal-Oriented Behavior / 2.3.1:
Not All Anticipatory Behavior Is Goal-Oriented / 2.3.2:
Which Anticipations Permit Goal-Oriented Action? / 2.3.3:
The Hierarchical Organization of Anticipatory Goal-Oriented Action / 2.3.4:
Additional Elements of True Goal-Oriented Behavior / 2.3.5:
Anticipation and Learning / 2.4:
Learning to Predict / 2.4.1:
Bootstrapping Autonomous Cognitive Development: Surprise and Curiosity / 2.4.2:
From Willed to Automatic Control of Action and Vice Versa on the Basis of Surprise / 2.4.3:
Benefits of Anticipations in Cognitive Agents / 2.5:
Potentials for Anticipatory Systems / 3.1:
Potential Benefits of Anticipatory Mechanisms on Cognitive Functions / 3.2:
Effective, Context-Based Action Initiation / 3.2.1:
Faster and Smoother Behavior Execution / 3.2.2:
Improving Top-Down Attention / 3.2.3:
Improving Information Seeking / 3.2.4:
Improving Decision Making / 3.2.5:
Object Grounding, Categorization, and Ontologies / 3.2.6:
Social Abilities / 3.2.7:
Learning / 3.2.8:
Arising Challenges Due to Anticipations and Avoiding Them / 3.3:
Conclusion / 3.4:
Models, Architectures, and Applications / Part II:
Anticipation in Attention / Christian Balkenius ; Alexander Forster ; Birger Johansson ; Vin Thorsteinsdottir4:
Learning What to Look at / 4.1:
A Learning Saliency Map / 4.2.1:
Cue-Target Learning / 4.3:
Cueing by a Single Stimulus / 4.3.1:
Contextual Cueing / 4.3.2:
Fovea Based Solution / 4.3.3:
Attending to Moving Targets / 4.4:
Models of Smooth Pursuit / 4.4.1:
Engineering Approaches / 4.4.2:
The State Based Approach / 4.4.3:
The Prediction Approach / 4.4.4:
The Fovea Based Approach / 4.4.5:
Combining Bottom-Up and Top-Down Processes / 4.5:
Anticipatory, Goal-Directed Behavior / Oliver Herbort5:
A Brief History of Schemas / 5.1:
Schema Approaches / 5.2:
Symbolic Schemas for Policy Learning / 5.2.1:
Symbolic Schemas and Prediction for Selection / 5.2.2:
Neural-Based Planning / 5.2.3:
Neural Network-Based Dynamic Programming / 5.2.4:
Inverse Model Approaches / 5.3:
Inverse Models in Motor Learning and Control / 5.3.1:
Inverse Models and Schema Approaches / 5.3.2:
Advanced Structures / 5.4:
Prediction and Action / 5.4.1:
Coupled Forward-Inverse Models / 5.4.2:
Hierarchical Anticipatory Systems / 5.4.3:
Evaluation of Predictive and Anticipatory Capabilities / 5.5:
Schema-Based Systems / 5.5.1:
Discussion / 5.5.2:
Contrasting Predictive System Capabilities / 5.6.1:
Contrasting Anticipatory System Capabilities / 5.6.2:
Integration / 5.6.3:
Anticipation and Believability / Carlos Martinho ; Ana Paiva5.7:
Animation and Believability / 6.1:
Emotion and Exaggeration / 6.1.2:
Anticipation / 6.1.3:
Anticipation, Emotion, and Believability / 6.1.4:
Related Work / 6.2:
Oz Project / 6.2.1:
EMA / 6.2.2:
Duncan the Highland Terrier / 6.2.3:
Emotivector / 6.3:
Architecture / 6.3.1:
Anticipation Model / 6.3.2:
Salience Model / 6.3.3:
Sensation Model / 6.3.4:
Selection Model / 6.3.5:
Uncertainty / 6.3.6:
Aini, the Synthetic Flower / 6.4:
Emotivectors in Action / 6.4.1:
Evaluation / 6.4.2:
iCat, the Affective Game Buddy / 6.5:
Emotivector Integration in Agent Architectures / 6.5.1:
Anticipation and Emotions for Goal Directed Agents / Emiliano Lorini ; Michele Piunti ; Maria Miceli6.7:
Related Works in Affective Computing / 7.1:
Expectations and Surprise / 7.3:
A Typology of Expectations and Predictions / 7.3.1:
From the Typology of Expectations to the Typology of Surprise / 7.3.2:
Roles of Surprise in Cognitive Processing / 7.3.3:
Expectations and Emotions for Goal-Directed Agents / 7.4:
Expectations and Decision Making / 7.4.1:
Situated Agents and Affective States / 7.4.2:
Confidence of Predictions and Modulation of the Probability Function / 7.4.3:
A Reinforcement-Learning Model of Top-Down Attention Based on a Potential-Action Map / Dimitri Ognibene ; Gianluca Baldassarre7.4.4:
Methods / 8.1:
RGB Camera Input / 8.2.1:
Saliency Map and Action Selection / 8.2.2:
Fovea / 8.2.3:
Periphery Map / 8.2.4:
Inhibition-of-Return Map / 8.2.5:
Potential Action Map / 8.2.6:
Actor-Critic Model / 8.2.7:
Parameter Settings / 8.2.8:
The Tasks / 8.2.9:
Results / 8.3:
Learning and Performance of the Models / 8.3.1:
Bottom-Up Attention: Periphery Map and Inhibition-of-Return Map / 8.3.2:
Analysis of the Vote Maps / 8.3.3:
Capability of Learning to Stay, and of Staying, on the Target / 8.3.4:
Potential Action Map: An Action-Oriented Memory of Cue Information / 8.3.5:
Potential Action Map: Capacity to Integrate Multiple Sources of Information / 8.3.6:
Anticipation by Analogy / Boicho Kokinov ; Maurice Grinberg ; Georgi Petkov ; Kiril Kiryazov8.4:
The Anticipation by Analogy Scenario / 9.1:
Models of Analogy-Making / 9.3:
AMBR Model of Analogy-Making / 9.4:
Integrating Visual Perception and Motor Control in AMBR / 9.5:
Top-Down Perception / 9.5.1:
Attention / 9.5.2:
Transfer of the Solution / 9.5.3:
Action Execution / 9.5.4:
Running the Simulated Model and Comparing It with Human Data / 9.6:
Comparing with Human Data / 9.6.1:
Running the Real Robot Model in the Real World / 9.7:
Ikaros / 9.7.1:
AMBR2Robot / 9.7.2:
Tests / 9.7.3:
Mechanisms for Active Vision / 9.8:
Discussion and Conclusion / 9.9:
Anticipation in Coordination / Emilian Lalev10:
The Prisoner's Dilemma Game / 10.1:
Related Research / 10.2:
Fictitious Play / 10.2.1:
Strategic Teaching and Reputation Formation / 10.2.2:
Social Order and Coordination / 10.2.3:
Anticipation and Information Processing in Societies / 10.2.4:
Agent Architecture and Decision Making Model / 10.3:
The Model / 10.3.1:
Judgment and Decision Making / 10.3.2:
Game Simulations with Individual Agents: Comparison with Experimental Results / 10.4:
Comparison of the Model with Experimental Results / 10.4.1:
Multi-Agent Simulations / 10.5:
Agent Societies / 10.5.1:
Simulation Results and Discussions / 10.5.2:
Endowing Artificial Systems with Anticipatory Capabilities: Success Cases / 10.6:
Flexible Goal-Directed Arm Control: The SURE_REACH Architecture / 11.1:
Learning Cognitive Maps for Anticipatory Control: Time Growing Neural Gas / 11.3:
Learning Effective Directional Arm Control: The Evolutionary System XCSF / 11.4:
Anticipatory Target Motion Prediction / 11.5:
Anticipatory Spatial Attention with Saliency Maps / 11.6:
Behavior Prediction in a Group of Robots / 11.7:
Enhanced Adaptivity in a Predator-Prey Scenario / 11.8:
Adaptive Navigation and Control with Anticipation / 11.9:
Mental Experiments for Selecting Actions / 11.10:
Anticipations for Believable Behavior / 11.11:
Anticipatory Behavior in a Searching-for-an-Object Task / 11.12:
The Role of Anticipation in Cooperation and Coordination / 11.13:
Anticipatory Effects of Expectations and Emotions / 11.14:
On-Line and Off-Line Anticipation for Action Control / 11.15:
References / 11.16:
Theory / Part I:
Introduction: Anticipation in Natural and Artificial Cognition / Giovanni Pezzulo ; Martin V. Butz ; Cristiano Castelfranchi ; Rino Falcone1:
Introduction / 1.1:
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