| Contributors / R.K. Downey ; M.E. Sumner Frye ; J.T. Sims ; D.G. Schulze ; J.W. Doran ; K.M. Scow ; J.W. Dudley ; F.R. Magdoff ; P.K. Bretting ; R.P. Wise ; G. D. Bowen ; Robin D. GrahamCH 1： |
| Effects of Fumigants on Non-Target |
| Soil as a Source of Dust and Implications for Human Health / 1： |
| The Global Impact of Soil Erosion on Productivity |
| Geochemical Aspects of Phytosiderophore |
| Soil Redox Potential |
| Preface / K. Kumar |
| Organisms in Soils Sorghum Improvement |
| An Ecological Approach to Strengthen / S.P. McGrath ; R. Lal ; Daniel Hillel ; D.L. Karlen, |
| Promoted Iron Acquisition by Plants / I： |
| Gypsum and Acid Soils: The World Scene / S. Fiedler ; S.R. Rimmer |
| Quantitative Genetics and Plant Breeding / D.C. Wolf ; P.M. Bertsch ; M. Sarrantonio ; C.R. Johnson |
| Integrating Traditional and New Technology to Produce Improved Genotypes / L.E. Lanyon ; D.N. Duvick ; C.R. Bronson ; A. D. Rovira ; Ross M. Welch ; D.M. Sylvia |
| Weed Management in the Semiarid Great Plains |
| Absolute and Relative Erosion-Induced Yield Losses The Global Impact of Soil Erosion on Productivity |
| Taking Stock of the Brazilian |
| Critical Review of the Science and Options for Reducing Cadmium in Tobacco (nicotiana tabacum L.) and other plants / S. C. Gupta ; R.L. Blevins ; G.S.P. Ritchie ; S. Xu, G. Sheng ; H.P.S. Jayasundara |
| The Potential of Soils of the Tropics to Sequester Carbon and Mitigate the Greenhouse Effect / F.J. Zhao |
| Nutrient Management for Improving Lowland Rice Productivity and Sustainability / Cynthia Rosenzweig ; S.S. Andrews, |
| Zero Till Revolution / II： |
| Agronomic Improvement in Oilseed Brassicas / M. J. Vepraskas |
| Poultry Waste Management: Agricultural and Environmental Issues |
| Synchrotron X-Ray Techniques in Soil, Plant, and Environmental Research |
| Introduction / M.A. Liebig |
| Dynamic Conservation of Plant Genetic Resources / W.C. Liebhardt |
| The Rhizosphere and Its Management to Improve Plant Growth / P.S. Schnable |
| Impact of Grazing Animals on N2 Fixation in Legume-Based Pastures and Management / Howard E. Bouis ; D.O. Chellemi |
| Molecular Breeding of Groundnut for Enhanced Productivity and Food Security in the Semi-Arid Tropics: Opportunities and Challenges / 2： |
| Effects on Crop Yields and Production Over Time Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria: Applications and Perspectives in Agriculture Organic Matter |
| Mechanisms and Pathways of Trace Element |
| Rotations for the Twenty-First Century / Y. Chardler ; J.J. Fuhrmann ; W.W ; P.K. Sharma |
| Options for Improvement Seed Fill Duration and Yield of Grain Crops / G.W. Petersen ; S.B. Powles ; S.A. Boyd ; A. Jungk ; B.D. Thomson ; J. M. De la Fuente-Martinez |
| Desertification and Its Relation to Climate Variability and Change / E. Lombi ; Robin Matthews |
| Scale-Dependent Dispersion in Soils: An Overview |
| Accumulation in Submerged Soils Potassium Nutrition of the Rice-Wheat Cropping System |
| Mobility in Soils |
| Conservation Tillage: An Ecological Approach to Soil Management / J. L. Richardson |
| Soil Health and Sustainability / J.G. Davis |
| Nutrient Cycling Transformation and Flows: Implication for a More Sustainable Agriculture |
| Mitigation of Climatic Change by Soil Carbon Sequestration: Issues of Science, Monitoring and Degrading Lands / H.T. Horner |
| Interactions Among Root-Inhabiting Fungi and Their Implications for Biological Control of Root Pathogens |
| The Agronomy and Economy of Cardamom |
| Population Diversity Groupings of Soybean Bradyrhizobia / A. K. Singh |
| Use of Organoclays in Pollution Abatement / P.A. Peterson Buntin ; S.K. De Datta ; J.C. Bell ; S.D. Cunningham ; C. Preston |
| Phytoremediation of Metals, Metalloids, and Readionuclides / M.C. Shannon ; N. Claasen ; C. Tang ; L. Herrera-Estrella ; Dean A. Martens ; S.C.K. Milach |
| Soil Quality: Current Concepts and Applications / William Stephens ; Yan Jin |
| The Queen of Spices |
| Importance, Field Measurements, and Observations |
| The Role of Dissolution and Precipitation of Minerals in Controlling Soluble Aluminum in Acidic Soils / P.E. Fixen |
| Advances in Fertigation / G.S. McMaster |
| Increasing Rice Production in Sub-Saharan Africa |
| Antibiotics Use in Agriculture and Their Impact on the Terrestrial Environment |
| Transposable Elements in Maize: Their Role in Creating Genetic Variability |
| Rainwater Utilization Efficiency in Rainfed Lowland Rice |
| Adaptation of Plants to Salinity / J.P. Quirk ; K. McSweeney ; T.A. Anderson ; I.B. Bryan |
| Ion Diffusion in the Soil-Root System |
| Applications of Fractals to Soil Studies |
| Advances in the Understanding of Aluminum Toxicity and the Development of Aluminum-Tolerant Transgenic Plants / R. Naidu |
| Crop Responses to Chloride / Milkja S. Aulakh ; L.C. Federizzi ; Alessandro Piccolo ; Tim Hess ; Markus Flury ; Robert G. Ford, ; V. BalasubramanianCH 2： |
| Phenology, Development, and Growth of the Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Shoot Apex: A Review / J. Funderburk ; J.L. Richardson |
| Managing Plant Nutrients for Optimum Water Use Efficiency and Water Conservation / L.F. Elliott ; H.W.M. Hilhorst and P.E. Tooroop ; N.L.Taylor ; R. Kretzschmar ; D. Hillel ; R.J. Bartlett |
| Dwarfing Genes in Plant Improvement / G.A. Nielsen ; A.P. Schwab ; A.R. Jutsum ; R. Miedema ; R.R. Smith ; S. Naidu ; Reiner Wasserman |
| The Supramolecular Structure of Humic Substances: A Novel Understanding of Humus Chemistry and Implications in Soil Science |
| Fate and Transport of Viruses in Porous Media / Tabitha Middleton |
| Interparticle Forces: A Basis for the Interpretation of Soil Physical Behavior / Andreas C. Scheinost, ; M. Sie ; L. Higley ; J.L. Arndt |
| A Review on Dormancy, Germinability and Germination in Crop and Weed Seeds / D.A. Holt |
| Subject Index / M. Borkovec ; R. Harrison ; P. Vlek ; B.R. James3： |
| Herbicide Resistance: Impact and Management / P.C. Robert ; F.C. Hsu |
| Applications of Micromorphology of Relevance to Agronomy |
| The Influence of No-Till Cropping Systems on Microbial Relationships / P.D. Brown ; Kura Clover ; P. Jackson ; Heinz Rennenberg ; Huixiao Wang ; Anil Graves ; Jan W. Hopmans ; Donald L. Sparks ; R. J. Hijmans ; G.D ; J. Freeland ; L. Ma ; M.A. Sanderson |
| The Sustainability of Irrigation / D. Grolimund ; J. Webb |
| Redox Chemistry of Soils |
| Concepts and Directions in Arthropod Pest Management |
| Geographic Information Systems in Agronomy |
| Phytoremediation of Soils Contaminated with Organic Pollutants |
| Nitrogen Cycling Under Different Soil Management Systems / M.J. Morra ; R.G. McLaren |
| Applications of Crop/Soil Simulation Models in Tropical Agricultural Systems / Changming Liu |
| Frontiers in Metal Sorption/Precipitation Mechanisms on Soil Mineral Surfaces / Keith L. Bristow |
| Wetland Soils of the Prairie Potholes / K. Otsuka ; N.S. Pasricha ; G.J. WagnerCH 3： |
| USDA Plant Genome Research Program Participants, USDA Plant Genome Research Program |
| The Response of Cool Season Grain Legumes to Soil Abiotic Stresses / D.O. TeBeest ; H.M. Selim ; D.W. Stair |
| Methan Emissions from Rice Fields / M. Elimelech |
| A Review of the Effect of N Fertilizer Type on Gaseous Emissions |
| Practical Ethics in Agronomic Research / J. K. Ladha ; V.P. Evangelou ; M. Schnitzer |
| Control of Soil-Borne Pests Using Glucosinolate Containing Plants |
| Current Capabilities and Future Needs of Root Water and Nutrient Uptake Modeling / L.T. West ; M.E. Sumner ; E.A. Stockdale ; N. Amarger ; Lu Zhang ; F. Zhang |
| Challenges and Opportunities / Peter J. Hocking |
| Accumulation of Cadmium in Crop Plants and Its Consequences to Human Health. / R.L. Fox |
| Biological Control of Weeds with Plant Pathogens and Microbial Pesticides |
| Physical Nonequilibrium Modeling Approaches to Solute Transport in Soils |
| Mobile Subsurface Colloids and Their Role in Contaminant Transport / M.A. Hussey ; B.A. Stewart ; R.I. Barnhisel and J.M. Hower |
| Phosphate Reaction Dynamics in Soils and Soil Components / 4： |
| The Genetics, Pathology and Molecular Biology of T-Cytoplasm Male Sterility in Maize / H. Pathak ; J. Wang ; H.-R. Schulten ; F. Iyamuremye ; N.K. Savant ; F.H. Beinroth |
| Rhizobia in the Field / P.M. Haygarth ; N.H. Lampkin |
| Water-Saving Agriculture in China: An Overview |
| Organic Acids Exuded from Roots in Phosphorus Uptake and Aluminum Tolerance of Plants in Acid Soils / D.L. Smith ; N.K. Fageria |
| Plant Nutrient Sulfur in the Tropics and Subtropics / Y. Arai |
| Physiological and Morphological Responses to Perennial Forages to Stress |
| Coal Surface Mine Reclamation in the Eastern United States: The Revegetation of Disturbed Lands to Hayland/Pasture or Cropland / C.A. Robinson |
| Index / D.R. Parker |
| Chapter References / T. J. Krupnik |
| Analysis of Organic Matter in Soil Extracts and Whole Soils by Pyrolysis-Mass Spectrometry / R.E. Phillips |
| Interorganismal Signaling in Suboptimum Environments: The Legume-Rhizobia Symbiosis / R.P. Dick ; G.H. Snyder ; K.R. Reddy ; S. C. Jarvis ; M. Hovi ; E. Ben-Dor |
| Are Agroecosystems Sustainable in Semiarid Regions? / V.C. Baligar ; Volker Kleinhenz ; D. L. Sparks ; Soils. M. Lee |
| New Developments and Perspectives on Soil Potassium Quantity-Intensity (Q/I) Relationships / W.A. Norvell ; J. Six |
| Organic Amendments and Phosphorus Sorption |
| Transfer of Phosphorus from Agricultural Soils / L.E. Datnoff ; H.F.Hodges ; B.T. Kang |
| Quantitative Remote Sensing of Soil Properties / R. Keatinge |
| A Multi-Scale Approach / M.A. Chappell ; R.B. Clark ; David J. Midmore |
| Role of Metal-Organic Complexation in Metal Sorption / S.P. Loss |
| Application of Capillary Electrophoresis to Anion Speciation in Soil Water Extracts / Soils. J.S. Boyer ; J.M. McKinion |
| Ecological Agriculture in China / A. F. Bent |
| Silicon Management and Sustainable Rice Production / C. van Kessel ; R.D. Harter |
| Breeding, Culture, and Utilization |
| Micronutrients in Crop Production / T.R. Sinclair ; E.K.M. Lennartsson |
| Aspects of Bamboo Agronomy |
| Advances in Drought Tolerance in Plants / H. Wang ; K.H.M Siddique |
| Crop Modeling and Applications: A Cotton Example / R.R. Duncan |
| Efficiency of Fertilizer Nitrogen in Cereal Production: Retrospects and Prospects / J.-M. Bollag ; I.-C. Yu5： |
| Surface Chemistry and Function of Microbial Biofilms / N.W. Widstrom ; A.E. Johnston ; R.C. Muchow ; D.W. Macdonald |
| Morphological and Physiological Traits Associated with Wheat Yield Increases in Mediterranean Environments / Alfred E. Hartemink ; L. QinCH 4： |
| Tissue Culture-Induced Variation and Crop Improvement |
| Applications of Molecular Biology to Plant Disease and Insect Resistance / J. Dec |
| DNA Markers and Plant Breeding Programs / E. A. Siddiq |
| The Aflatoxin Problem with Corn Grain |
| The Value of Long-Term Field Experiments in Agricultural, Ecological, and Environmental Research / G. Bourgault |
| Advances in Solution Culture Methods for Plant Mineral Nutrition Research |
| Soil Science in Tropical and Temperate Regions- Some Differences and Similarities / S. Padel ; D.C.E. Wurr |
| Managing World Soils for Food Security and Environmental Quality |
| Ultisols: Characteristics and Impacts on Society / L. Huang ; A.J. Beck ; P.M. Huang ; M. Silgram ; S. Singh ; A.G. Journel ; F.H. Tattersall ; J.R. Fellows ; B.A. Kimball ; S.P. Hoad, ; L. Zhang Cotton ; R.E. Alcock6： |
| Wide Compatibility Systems and its Exploitation for Yield Enhancement in Rice / M.A. Shepherd |
| Formation Mechanisms of Complex Organic Structures in Soil Habitats / J.D. Rhoades |
| Principles and Application / M.S. Wolfe ; K. Phelps ; K. Kobayashi ; G. Russell, |
| Radiation Use Efficiency / S.C. WilsonCH 5： |
| The Effects of Cultivation on Soil Nitrogen Mineralization / W. T. Pettigrew ; N. C. Turner ; D.L. Corwin |
| Crop Scheduling and Prediction-Principles and Opportunities with Field Vegetables / C.A. Watson |
| Responses of Agricultural Crops to Free-Air CO2 Enrichment / M. Binidi ; M.E. Lucas, ; M.-J. Wang ; T. J. Gerik ; S. L. Davies ; S.M. Lesh ; Craig D. Phelps |
| Leaf Photosynthesis and Carbon Metabolism / I.J. Bingham ; S.R. Wild7： |
| Geostatistical Analysis of a Soil Salinity Data Set / J. A. Plummer |
| The Management of Wheat, Barley, and Oat Root Systems / L.Y. Young ; M.C. Robson |
| Agronomic and Environmental Implications of Organic Farming Systems / G. S. Bilotta ; A.P. Sewart ; N.C. Turner ; K. H. M. Siddique |
| Further Progress in Crop Water Relations / S.M. Fowler ; R. E. Brazier ; K.C. Jones |
| Biodegradation of BTEX Under Anaerobic Conditions: A Review |
| Seed Filling in Grain Legumes (Pulses) Under Water Deficits with Emphasis on Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) |
| Long-Term Persistence of Organic Chemicals in Sewage Sludge-Amended Agricultural Land: A Soil Quality Perspective / P. M. Haygarth |
| The Impacts of Grazing Animals on the Quality of Soils, Vegetation, and Surface Waters in Intensively Managed Grasslands / D.A. Knauft ; C. Leifert |
| Peanut Breeding and Genetics / J.C. Wynne ; M. Leitch |
| References / D. Robinson |
| The Agronomic and Economic Potential of Break Crops for Ley/Arable Rotations in Temperate Organic Agriculture / A.M. Litterick |
| Intermolecular Forces at the Interface of Biological and Mineralogical Particles |
| State of the Art on Soil-Related Geo-Medical Issues in the World Gaseous Emissions of Nitrogen From Grazed Pastures: Processes |
| Rice Functional Genomics: Large-Scale Gene Discovery and Applications to Crop Improvement |
| Measurements and Modeling |
| The Nature, Properties and Management of Volcanic Soils |
| Environmental Implications |
| Microarray Technology and Applications in Environmental Microbiology |
| and Mitigation Modeling Cadmium Uptake and Accumulation in Plants Variable Charge Soils: Their Mineralogy |
| The Agronomy and Economy of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) - The ""King of Spices"" |
| Chemistry and Management Understanding and Reducing Lodging in Cereals Altering Fatty Acid Composition in Oil Seed Crops |
| Soil Mineral-Organic Matter-Microorganism Interactions: Fundamentals and Impacts |
| Low External Input Technologies for Livelihood |
| The Emerging Global Water Crisis: Managing Scarcity and Conflict Between Water Users / William A. Jury ; Henry J. Vaux, Jr. |
| Signs of the Coming Crisis / A： |
| Population and Food Production Trends / B： |
| The Global Freshwater Resource / C： |
| Pollution and Human Health / D： |
| Challenges in Optimizing Water Use / E： |
| The Present Global Water Situation |
| Water Use by Sectors |
| Water-Scarce and Water-Stressed Countries |
| Drinking Water, Sanitation, and Waterborne Disease |
| Chemical Contamination in Water |
| Water for Ecosystems |
| Groundwater Overdraft / F： |
| Population Trends and Water Stresses / III： |
| Water-Short and Water-Stressed Countries |
| Urbanization Trends |
| Industrial and Municipal Water Demands |
| Transboundary Issues |
| Projected Water Deficit Under Business as Usual Practices |
| Threats to Ecosystem Health |
| The Wild Card of Climate Change / G： |
| Dimensions of Water Scarcity / IV： |
| Water Savings Through Conservation |
| Expansion and Improvement of Irrigation |
| Productivity Improvements in Rainfed Agriculture |
| Economic Methods for Water Supplementation in Developing Countries |
| Desalination |
| Improvements Through Institutional Changes |
| Paths to Sustainability / V： |
| Ending Unsustainable Practices |
| Management Strategies |
| Agriculture and Water Management in the Developing World |
| Societal Changes |
| Conclusions / VI： |
| Beyond Structural Genomics for Plant Science / Richard A. Dixon ; Joseph H. Bouton ; Brindha Narasimhamoorthy ; Malay Saha ; Zeng-Yu Wang ; Gregory D. May |
| Sequenced Genomes, Model Systems, and Comparative Genomics |
| A. thaliana |
| Rice |
| Poplar |
| Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus |
| Genetic Resources for Functional Genomics |
| Transcriptomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics |
| Approaches for Transcript Profiling |
| Proteomics |
| Metabolomic Analysis |
| Molecular Markers |
| Marker Types |
| Molecular Genetic Maps |
| Genomics for Generation of Molecular Markers |
| Metabolomic-Based "Markers" |
| Advantages of Marker-Assisted Breeding |
| Transgenesis |
| Transgenesis as a Tool for Functional Genomics |
| Current Approaches to the Generation of Transgenic Plants |
| Strategies for Overcoming Recalcitrance of Crop Species to Genetic Transformation |
| Transgenesis for Trait Integration and Commercialization |
| Virus-Induced Gene Silencing as an Alternative to Stable Transformation for Functional Genomics |
| Tilling as an Alternative to Transgenesis for Gene Knockdowns |
| Case Studies for Alfalfa Improvement |
| Improvement of Aluminum Tolerance |
| Gene Discovery and Metabolic Engineering for Forage Quality Enhancement |
| Issues for Molecular Development of Alfalfa |
| The Future: Bridging the Gap from Models to Crops / VII： |
| The Future Technologies, Opportunities, and Challenges / VIII： |
| Acknowledgments |
| The Molecularization of Public Sector Crop Breeding: Progress, Problems, and Prospects / Sangam L. Dwivedi ; Jonathan H. Crouch ; David J. Mackill ; Yunbi Xu ; Matthew W. Blair ; Michel Ragot ; Hari D. Upadhyaya ; Rodomiro Ortiz |
| Introduction to Global Food Production and Major Breeding Challenges |
| Development of Markers for Assisting Selection |
| Genetic Resources |
| Genomic Resources |
| Genetic Linkage Map |
| Marker-Trait Associations from Analysis of Diverse Germplasm |
| Marker Validation and Refinement |
| Markers for Simply Inherited Traits |
| QTL Marker for Complex Traits |
| Successful Applications of Marker-Assisted Genetic Enhancement in Public Sector Breeding Programs |
| Resistance to Biotic Stresses |
| Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses |
| Agronomic and Seed Quality Traits |
| Specific Challenges for Alien Gene Introgression |
| Successful Application of Marker-Assisted Genetic Enhancement in Private Sector Breeding Programs |
| Impact of Marker-Assisted Genetic Enhancement |
| Enhanced Selection Power |
| Reduced Cost, Increased Feasibility, Time Savings, and Parental Selection |
| Overview of Products from Molecular Breeding |
| Approaches to Enhance the Efficiency and Scope of Molecular Breeding |
| Studying the Molecular Basis of Heterosis |
| Fine-Mapping, Cloning, and Pyramiding of QTL Associated with Improved Agronomic Traits |
| Expression QTL Mapping |
| Simulation and Modeling of MAS |
| The Role of Computational Systems in Molecular Breeding Programs |
| Germplasm Evaluation |
| Managing Breeding Populations |
| Genetic Map Construction |
| Identifying Marker-Trait Associations |
| Marker-Assisted Selection |
| GEI Analysis |
| Breeding Design and Simulation |
| Information Management and Integrated Tools / H： |
| Future Prospects for the Molecularization of Public Crop Improvement / IX： |
| Breeding Crops for Durable Resistance to Disease / D. D. Stuthman ; K. J. Leonard ; J. Miller-Garvin |
| Importance of Reliable Disease Resistance in Major Crops |
| Causes of Plant Disease Epidemics (The Disease Triangle) |
| Examples of Plant Disease in Natural Populations |
| Concepts of Resistance to Plant Disease Useful in Breeding Efforts |
| A Pragmatic Approach |
| Classification of Types of Resistance from a Breeder's Perspective |
| What Makes Disease Resistance Durable? |
| Resistance in Wild Plant Species |
| Impact of Agriculture on Resistance |
| Efforts to Delay Breakdown of Inherently Transient Resistance |
| Examples of Durable Monogenic Resistance |
| Durability of Polygenic Resistance |
| Examples of Effective Polygenic Resistance |
| Maize |
| Wheat |
| Barley |
| Potato |
| Classical Breeding Approaches |
| Recurrent Selection |
| Pedigree Breeding |
| Perennial Species |
| Molecular Approaches |
| Genetic Transformation |
| Summary |
| Pathogens in Biosolids / Ian L. Pepper ; John P. Brooks ; Charles P. Gerba |
| Biosolids: A Historical Perspective and Current Outlook |
| The Nature of Wastewater (Sewage) |
| Wastewater (Sewage) Treatment |
| Class A Versus Class B Biosolids |
| Removal of Pathogens by Sewage Treatment Processes |
| Pathogens of Concern in Class B Biosolids |
| Bacteria |
| Enteric Viruses |
| Protozoan Pathogens |
| Helminths |
| Other Biological Concerns in Biosolids |
| Pathogen Transport and Survival in Soil, Water, and Air |
| Exposure via Soil and Groundwater |
| Exposure via Air |
| Risk-Based Evaluation of the Potential Hazards Posed by Pathogens in Biosolids |
| On-Site Exposure from Land-Applied Biosolids |
| On-Site Exposure to Workers via Bioaerosols Generated During Land Application of Biosolids |
| Off-Site Exposure of Bioaerosols to Residents in Communities Close to Land Application Sites |
| Public Perceptions of Land Application of Biosolids with Respect to Pathogens |
| Future Research Needs |
| Advances in Crop Water Management Using Capacitive Water Sensors / A. Fares ; V. Polyakov |
| Capacitance Soil Water Content Measuring Systems |
| Principle of Operation |
| Equipment Design |
| Installation |
| Data Logging and Displaying |
| Calibration |
| Application of Capacitance as Water Management Devices: Irrigation Scheduling for Different Crops |
| Determination of Soil Water Physical Properties |
| Field Soil Water Storage |
| Field Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity |
| Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Soil Physical Properties |
| Use of MCP to Calculate Different Field Water Cycle Components |
| Plant Water Use |
| Drainage Below the Root Zone |
| Effective Rainfall |
| Effect of Fluctuation of Soil Temperature and Soil Salinity on the Performance of MCP |
| Synchrotron Radiation Infrared Spectromicroscopy: A Noninvasive Chemical Probe for Monitoring Biogeochemical Processes / H.-Y. N. Holman ; M. C. Martin |
| SR-FTIR Spectromicroscopy |
| Background |
| Synchrotron IR Light Sources |
| Synchrotron IR Spectromicroscopy of Biogeochemical Systems |
| Biogeochemical Processes Measured by SR-FTIR Spectromicroscopy |
| Instrumentation |
| Spectral Analysis |
| Application Examples |
| Future Possibilities and Requirements |
| Development and Testing of "On-Farm" Seed Priming / D. Harris |
| The Problem |
| Inadequate Crop Stands |
| Factors Affecting Crop Establishment |
| Simple Ways to Improve Crop Establishment |
| Seed Quality |
| Timely Sowing |
| Depth of Sowing |
| Dry Planting |
| Transplanting Seedlings |
| Seed Priming |
| "On-Farm" Seed Priming |
| In Vitro Investigations of Rate and Extent of Germination |
| In Vitro Emergence and Early Seedling Growth |
| Research Station Studies |
| On-Farm Studies |
| Added Value: Improved Crop Nutrition |
| Added Value: Increased Pest and Disease Resistance |
| Thermodynamic Modeling of Metal Adsorption onto Bacterial Cell Walls: Current Challenges / Jeremy B. Fein |
| Mechanistic Studies of Cell Wall Adsorption |
| Partitioning Relationships Versus Surface Complexation Modeling |
| Constraints on Bacterial Cell Wall-Protonation Reactions |
| Constraints on Mechanisms of Metal Adsorption onto Bacteria |
| Challenges in Applying Surface Complexation Models to Real Systems |
| Concluding Remarks |
| Alfalfa Winter Hardiness: A Research Retrospective and Integrated Perspective / Yves Castonguay ; Serge Laberge ; E. Charles Brummer ; Jeffrey J. Volenec |
| Morphological and Developmental Bases of Winter Survival |
| Crown Depth, Root Morphology, and Winter Survival |
| Fall Dormancy and the Acquisition of Freezing Tolerance |
| Impact of Environmental Factors on Alfalfa-Freezing Tolerance |
| Molecular Bases of Winter Survival: Current Understanding and Emerging Concepts |
| Tolerance to Freeze-Induced Desiccation and Cold Hardiness of Alfalfa |
| Cold-Induced Accumulation of Cryoprotective Sugars |
| Amino Acids |
| Modification of Gene Expression at Low Temperature |
| The Genetic Bases of Cold Adaptation in Alfalfa |
| Genetic Variability for Freezing Tolerance |
| Conventional Genetic Selection for Improved Winter Hardiness and Freezing Tolerance |
| Conceptual Approach to the Genetic Control of Freezing Tolerance in Alfalfa |
| Projecting Yield and Utilization Potential of Switchgrass as an Energy Crop / Samuel B. McLaughlin ; James R. Kiniry ; Charles M. Taliaferro ; Daniel De La Torre Ugarte |
| Projecting Yield Gains in Switchgrass Relative to Maize |
| Breeding History of Maize |
| Breeding Gains with Perennial Grasses Including Switchgrass |
| Potential Yields of Maize and Switchgrass |
| Whole Plant Production in Maize and Switchgrass |
| Projecting Switchgrass Performance in Time and Space with the ALMANAC Model |
| Physiological and Ecological Traits of Switchgrass |
| Parametrization of the ALMANAC Model |
| Simulated Yields from ALMANAC Versus Actual Yields Within the Region |
| Assessing Economic Impacts of Widespread Deployment of Switchgrass in a National Bioenergy Program |
| Comparative Typology in Six European Low-Intensity |
| Systems of Grassland Management Water Flow in the Roots of Crop Species |
| The Influence of Root Structure, Aquaporin Activity and Waterlogging |
| Ecology of Denitrifying Prokaryotes in Agricultural |
| Soil Strategies of Plants to Adapt to Mineral Stresses in Problem Soils Microbial |
| Ecology of Methanogens and Methanotrophs in Rice Fields |
| Phytoremediation of Sodic and Saline-Sodic |
| Soils Linking |
| Soil Organisms Within Food Webs to Ecosystem |
| Functioning and Environmental Change |
| Influence of Coupled Processes on Contaminant Fate and Transport in Subsurface Environments / Philip M. Jardine |
| Introduction and Rationale |
| Chapter Objectives and Outline |
| General Overview on the Impact of Coupled Processes on Subsurface Fate and Transport |
| Influence of Coupled Processes on Inorganic Contaminant Fate and Transport |
| Influence of Coupled Processes on Organic Contaminant Fate and Transport |
| Uptake and Fate of Perchlorate in Higher Plants / Angelia L. Seyfferth ; David R. Parker |
| Perchlorate Levels in Plants |
| Perchlorate Uptake Studies |
| Conclusions and Future Research |
| Sugarcane for Bioethanol: Soil and Environmental Issues |
| Changes in Soil Chemical Properties |
| Changes in Soil Physical Properties |
| Changes in Soil Biological Properties |
| Environmental Issues |
| Discussion and Conclusions |
| Iron Dynamics in the Rhizosphere: Consequences for Plant Health and Nutrition / A. Robin ; G. Vansuyt ; P. Hinsinger ; J. M. Meyer ; J. F. Briat ; P. Lemanceau |
| Iron Status in Soils and Rhizospheres |
| Impact of Plants and Microorganisms on the Iron Status |
| Iron-Mediated Interactions in the Rhizosphere |
| Geochemistry of Green Rusts and Fougerite: A Reevaluation of Fe cycle in Soils / Fabienne Trolard ; Guilhem Bourrie |
| Iron as the Main Biogeochemical Marker of Gleyey Soils |
| Methods for Study of Redox State of Iron in Soil Solutions |
| Methods for Study of Redox State of Iron in Soil Solids |
| Field Evidence of Fe[superscript 2+] Mobility in Solution and Seasonal Dynamics |
| Structure of Synthetic Green Rusts |
| Structure of Fougerite Mineral |
| Direct Identification of Fougerite Mineral by Decomposition of XRD Spectra and Nature of the Interlayer Anion in Fougeres-Fougerite / 8： |
| Thermodynamic Modeling / 9： |
| Fe Control in Solution by Mixed Fe(II)-Fe(III) Minerals/Solution Equilibria / 10： |
| Redox Interactions Between Iron and Other Elements in Relationship with the Occurrence of GRs / 11： |
| Biotic Interaction / 12： |
| Geochemical Significance and Place of Fougerite in Iron Oxide Family / 13： |
| Advances in Isotopic Dilution Techniques in Trace Element Research: A Review of Methodologies, Benefits, and Limitations / Rebecca E. Hamon ; Enzo Lombi |
| The Isotopic Dilution Principle |
| Methodologies |
| Uncertainties and Sources of Errors |
| Interpretation of E-Values |
| Interpretation of L-Values |
| Future Applications |
| Ameliorating Soil Acidity of Tropical Oxisols by Liming For Sustainable Crop Production / N. K. Fageria ; V. C. Baligar |
| Distribution and Characteristics of Oxisols |
| Beneficial Effects of Liming |
| Disadvantages of Overliming |
| Factors Affecting Lime Requirements |
| Criteria to Determine Liming Material Quantity |
| Methods, Frequency, Depth, and Timing of Lime Application |
| Acknowledgment |
| Advances in Precision Conservation / Jorge A. Delgado ; Joseph K. Berry |
| Geospatial Technologies |
| Identifying Spatial Patterns and Relationships |
| Field Level Flows |
| Connection of Field with Off-Site Transport |
| Watershed Scale Considerations |
| Current Applications and Trends |
| Summary and Conclusions |
| Reaction and Transport of Arsenic in Soils: Equilibrium and Kinetic Modeling / Hua Zhang ; H. M. Selim |
| Environmental Toxicity |
| Arsenic in Soils |
| Biogeochemistry |
| Transport in Soils |
| Modeling |
| Remediation of Contaminated Soils |
| Summary and a Look Ahead |
| Crop Residue Management for Lowland Rice-Based Cropping Systems in Asia / Bijay-Singh ; Y. H. Shan ; S. E. Johnson-Beebout ; Yadvinder-Singh ; R. J. Buresh |
| Criteria for Evaluating Crop Residue Management Options |
| Type and Abundance of Crop Residues |
| Existing and Emerging Residue Management Options |
| Evaluation of Options with Residues Managed During a Rice Crop |
| Evaluation of Options with Residues Managed During a Non-Flooded Crop |
| Crop Residue and Bioenergy Options |
| Sampling and Measurement of Ammonia at Animal Facilities / Ji-Qin Ni ; Albert J. Heber |
| A General View of Ammonia Determination |
| Ammonia Sampling |
| Ammonia Concentration Measurement |
| Measurement Methods and Devices |
| Ammonia Concentration Data |
| Will Stem Rust Destroy the World's Wheat Crop? / Ravi P. Singh ; David P. Hodson ; Julio Huerta-Espino ; Yue Jin ; Peter Njau ; Ruth Wanyera ; Sybil A. Herrera-Foessel ; Richard W. Ward |
| Stem Rust Disease, Pathogen, and Epidemiology |
| Breeding for Resistance |
| Race Ug99 and Why it is a Potential Threat to Wheat Production |
| Breeding Strategies to Mitigate the Threat from Ug99 and Achieve a Long-Term Control of Stem Rust |
| Conclusion and Future Outlook |
| Genetic Improvement of Forage Species to Reduce the Environmental Impact of Temperate Livestock Grazing Systems / M. T. Abberton ; A. H. Marshall ; M. W. Humphreys ; J. H. Macduff ; R. P. Collins ; C. L. Marley |
| Reducing Diffuse Nitrogenous Pollution of Watercourses |
| Reducing P Pollution of Watercourses |
| Reducing Emissions to Air |
| Improving Soil Quality and Reducing Flood Damage |
| Enhancing Persistency and Resilience |
| Enhancing C Sequestration in Grasslands |
| Future Prospects |
| Mutagenesis and High-Throughput Functional Genomics in Cereal Crops: Current Status / H. S. Balyan ; N. Sreenivasulu ; O. Riera-Lizarazu ; P. Azhaguvel ; S. F. Kianian |
| Insertional Mutagenesis |
| Non-Transgenic Tilling, Dealing, and Deleteagene Approaches |
| Phenomics Platform for Screening Mutagenized Population |
| Outlook |
| Dissolved Organic Matter: Biogeochemistry, Dynamics and Environmental Significance in Soils / N. S. Bolan ; D. C. Adriano ; A. Kunhikrishnan ; T. James ; R. McDowell ; N. Senesi |
| Genomic Selection in Plant Breeding: Knowledge and Prospects / A. J. Lorenz ; S. Chao ; F. G. Asoro ; E. L. Heffner ; T. Hayashi ; H. Iwata ; K. P. Smith ; M. E. Sorrells ; J-L. Jannink |
| Differences of Some Leguminous and Non-leguminous Crops in Utilization of Soil Phosphorus and Responses to Phosphate Fertilizers / S-X. Li ; Z-H. Wang ; B. A. Stewart |
| The Role of Mineral Nutrition on Root Growth of Crop Plants / A. Moreira |
| Physiology of Spikelet Development on the Rice Panicle: Is Manipulation of Apical Dominance Crucial for Grain Yield Improvement? / P. K. Mohapatra ; R. Panigrahi |
| Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli: The 20TH Century's Emerging Foodborne Pathogen A Review / Stelios Viazis ; Francisco Diez-Gonzalez |
| Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) Product Use on Agricultural Land / R. B. Clark ; R. F. Korcak ; R. J. Wright |
| High temperature effects on rice growth, yield, and GRAIN quality / P. Krishnan¶ ; B. Ramakrishnan ; K. Raja Reddy ; V. R. Reddy |
| Aerobic Rice Systems / Rajendra Prasad |
| Drought Tolerance: Roles of Organic Osmolytes, Growth Regulators and Mineral Nutrients / M. Ashraf ; N. A. Akram ; F. Al-Qurainy ; M. R. Foolad |
| Direct-Seeding Of Rice: Recent Developments And Future Research Needs / Virender Kumar ; Jagdish K. Ladha |
| A review of quantitative tools for assessing the diffuse pollution response to farmer adaptations and mitigation methods under climate change / Anita Shepherd ; Lianhai Wu ; David Chadwick ; Roland Bol |
| Nitrogen Dynamics and Indices to Predict Soil Nitrogen Supply in Humid Temperate Soils / Mervin St. Luce ; Joann K. Whalen ; Noura Ziadi ; Bernie J. Zebarth |
| Biochar Application to Soil: Agronomic and Environmental Benefits and Unintended Consequences / R. S. Kookana ; A. K. Sarmah ; L. Van Zwieten ; E. Krull ; B. Singh |
| Phytostabilization: A Green Approach To Contaminant Containment / Nanthi S. Bolan ; Jin Hee Park ; Brett Robinson ; Ravi Naidu ; Keun Young Huh |
| Synergism: A Rotation Effect of Improved Growth Efficiency / Randy L. Anderson |
| Quantifying Processes of Pedogenesis |
| Irrigation Waters as a Source of Pathogenic Microorganisms in Produce: A Review |
| Quo vadis Soil Organic Matter Research? - A Biological Link to the Chemistry of Humification |
| Zeolites and Their Potential Uses in Agriculture |
| Proximal Soil Sensing: A Spectrum of Possibilities |
| The Role of Knowledge When Studying Innovation and the Associated Wicked Sustainability Problems in Agriculture |
| Crop Yield Increase Under Water Limited Conditions: Review of Recent Physiological Advances in Soybean Genetic Improvement |
| Maize Production in a Changing Climate: Impacts, Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies |
| Environmental Chemistry of Silver in Soils: Current and Historic Perspectives |
| Significance of Phosphorus for Agriculture and the Environment in the West Asia and North Africa Region |
| Sensing Soil Properties in the Laboratory, in situ and on-line - A Review |
| A Decision Support Framework for Effective Design and Placement of Vegetated Buffer Strips within Agricultural Field Systems |
| Biological Nitrification Inhibition (BNI) - A Novel Strategy to Regulate Nitrification in Agricultural Systems |
| How Much Nutritional Iron Deficiency in Humans Globally is Due to an Underlying Zinc Deficiency? / R. D. Graham ; M. Knez ; R. M. Welch |
| The Effects of Climate Change on the Mobilization of Diffuse Substances from Agricultural Systems / C. J. A. Macleod ; P. D. Falloon ; R. Evans |
| Greenhouse Gas Mitigation with Agricultural Land Management Activities in the United States - A Side-by-side Comparison of Biophysical Potential / A. J. Eagle ; L. P. Olander |
| The Role of Abiotic and Coupled Biotic/Abiotic Mineral Controlled Redox Processes in Nitrate Reduction / C. J. Matocha ; P. Dhakal ; S. M. Pyzola |
| A Critical Review of the Influence of Wastewater Irrigation on the Transformation and Bioavailability of Heavy Metal(loid)s in Soil / S. Laurenson ; K. Mueller ; Won-Il Kim |
| Development and Rapid Adoption of Submergence-Tolerant (Sub1) Rice Varieties / D. J. Mackill ; A. M. Ismail ; U. S. Singh ; R. V. Labios ; T. R. Paris |
| Integrated Nutrient Management for Food Security and Environmental Quality in China / Z. Cui ; X. Chen ; X. Ju ; J. Shen ; Q. Chen ; X. Liu ; W. Zhang ; G. Mi ; M. Fan ; R. Jiang |
| Effect of Climate Change Factors on Processes of Crop Growth and Development and Yield of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) / U. Kumar ; P. Singh ; K. J. Boote |
| Agricultural Practices in Oil Palm Plantations and Their Impact on Hydrological Changes, Nutrient Fluxes and Water Quality in Indonesia: A Review / I. Comte ; F. Colin ; J. K. Whalen ; O. Grunberger ; J.-P. Caliman |
| Pathways to Agroecological Intensification of Soil Management by Smallholder Farmers in the Andean Highlands / S. J. Fonte ; S. J. Vanek ; P. Oyarzun ; S. Parsa ; D. C. Quintero ; I. M. Rao ; P. Lavelle |
| Rethinking Internal Phosphorus Utilization Efficiency (PUE): A New Approach is Needed to Improve PUE in Grain Crops / T. J. Rose ; M. Wissuwa |
| Computer Simulation in Plant Breeding / X. Li ; C. Zhu ; J. Yu |
| Mitigating Nonpoint Source Pollution in Agriculture with Constructed and Restored Wetlands / A. T. O'Geen ; R. Budd ; J. Gan ; J. J. Maynard ; S. J. Parikh ; R. A. Dahlgren |
| Mitigating Pollution with Wetlands |
| Suspended Sediment |
| Pesticides |
| Nitrogen(N) |
| Phosphorus(P) |
| Dissolved Organic Matter |
| Trace Metals |
| Pathogens |
| Other Water-Quality Constituents |
| Design and Management |
| How the Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium Azospirillum Promotes Plant Growth-A Critical Assessment / Yoav Bashan ; Luz E. de-Bashan |
| Major Mechanisms |
| Other Proposed Mechanisms |
| Concluding Remarks and a Proposal |
| Manufactured Nanoparticles and their Sorption of Organic Chemicals / Bo Pan ; Baoshan Xing |
| Occurrence, Characterizations, Structures, Properties of Manufactured Nanoparticles |
| Colloidal Behaviors of Manufactured Nanoparticles |
| Adsorption Mechanism of Organic Chemicals on Manufactured Nanoparticles |
| Manufactured Nanoparticle Sorption Properties as Affected by NOM |
| Environmental Mobility of Organic Chemicals and Manufactured Nanoparticles as Affected by Adsorption |
| Environmental Exposure and Risk of Organic Chemicals and Manufactured Nanoparticles as Affected by Adsorption |
| Summary and Perspectives |
| Restoring Soil Fertility in Sub-Sahara Africa / Bekunda Mateete ; Sanginga Nteranya ; Woomer Paul L. |
| Fertility Status of SSA Soils |
| Impact of Smallholder Farming on Soil Fertility |
| Technologies for Mitigating Soil Fertility Degradation |
| Continuing Concerns: External Controlling Factors |
| Lessons Learned and Way Forward |
| Carbon Sequestration in Agroforestry Systems / P. K. Ramachandran Nair ; Vimala D. Nair ; B. Mohan Kumar ; Julia M. Showalter |
| Agroforestry |
| Carbon Sequestration in Agroforestry Systems: Concepts and Mechanisms |
| Carbon Sequestration in Agroforestry Systems: Measurements |
| Carbon Sequestration in Agroforestry Systems: Management Considerations |
| Climate Warming-Induced Intensification of the Hydrologic Cycle: An Assessment of the Published Record and Potential Impacts on Agriculture / Thomas G. Huntington |
| Significance of an Intensification of the Hydrologic Cycle |
| Trends in Hydrologic Variables |
| Mount Pinatubo: The Natural Experiment in Aerosol Optical Depth |
| Hydrologic Responses to Intensification-Extreme Events (Including Droughts) |
| Potential Impacts on Agriculture |
| Extent, Impact, and Response to Soil and Water Salinity in Arid and Semiarid Regions / Karuppan Sakadevan ; Minh-Long Nguyen |
| Soil Salinity |
| Water Salinity |
| Responding to Soil and Water Salinity |
| The African Green Revolution: Results from the Millennium Villages Project / Generose Nziguheba ; Cheryl A. Palm ; Tadesse Berhe ; Glenn Denning ; Ahmed Dicko ; Omar Diouf ; Willy Diru ; Rafael Flor ; Fred Frimpong ; Rebbie Harawa ; Bocary Kaya ; Elikana Manumbu ; John McArthur ; Patrick Mutuo ; Mbaye Ndiaye ; Amadou Niang ; Phelire Nkhoma ; Gerson Nyadzi ; Jeffrey Sachs ; Clare Sullivan ; Gebrekidan Teklu ; Lekan Tobe ; Pedro A. Sanchez |
| Description of the Village Clusters |
| Methodology |
| Results |
| Discussion and Way Forward |
| Interactions Among Agricultural Production and Other Ecosystem Services Delivered from European Temperate Grassland Systems / Emma S. Pilgrim ; Christopher J. A. Macleod ; Martin S. A. Blackwell ; David V. Hogan ; David R. Chadwick ; Laura Cardenas ; Tom H. Misselbrook ; Philip M. Haygarth ; Richard E. Brazier ; Phil Hobbs ; Chris Hodgson ; Steve Jarvis ; Jennifer Dungait ; Phil J. Murray ; Les G. Firbank |
| Methods |
| Interpreting the Interactions |
| Future Perspectives |
| Halting the Groundwater Decline in North-West India-Which Crop Technologies will be Winners? / E. Humphreys ; S. S. Kukal ; E. W. Christen ; G. S. Hira ; Balwinder-Singh ; Sudhir-Yadav ; R. K. Sharma |
| The Hydrogeology and Development of Irrigation in North-West India |
| Water Sources, Sinks, Depletion, and Savings |
| Effects of Improved Technologies on Yield, the Nature and Amount of Water Savings, and Water Productivity |
| General Discussion |
| Acknowledgements |
| Biological Control of Insect Pests in Agroecosystems: Effects of Crop Management, Farming Systems, and Seminatural Habitats at the Landscape Scale: A Review / Adrien Rusch ; Muriel Valantin-Morison ; Jean-Pierre Sarthou ; Jean Roger-Estrade |
| Arthropod Dynamics and Trophic Interactions within the Agricultural Landscape |
| The Role of Seminatural Habitats on Pest and Natural Enemy Populations |
| Natural Enemy Biodiversity and Insect Pest Suppression |
| Effects of Crop Management on Pests and their Natural Enemies |
| General Effects of Farming Systems on Natural Enemy Biodiversity, Pests, and Subsequent Biological Control |
| Integrating Farming Systems, Crop Management and Landscape Context to Understand Biological Control Mechanisms |
| Radiation Hybrid (RH) Mapping in Crop Plants |
| Impact of Pesticides on Soil Microbial Diversity |
| Enzymes and Biochemical Reactions |
| Informatics in Agricultural Research for Development Biomedical Agriculture |
| A Systematic Approach to Food Crop Improvement for Chronic Disease |
| Prevention Regional Vulnerability of Climate |
| Change Impacts on Asian Rice Production and Scope for Adaptation |
| Soil Sulphur Cycling in Temperate Agricultural Systems |
| Recent Developments of Fertilizer Production and Use to Improve Nutrient Efficiency and Minimize Environmental Impacts |
| Effects on Crop Production, and Nutrient and Water |
| Use Efficiency in Dryland Areas of China |
| Strategies for Producing More Rice with Less |
| Water Legume-Wheat Rotation Effects on Residual |
| Soil Moisture, Nitrogen and Wheat Yield in Tropical |
| Regions Soil Organic Matter: Its Importance in Sustainable |
| Agriculture and Carbon Dioxide Fluxes |
| Informatics in Agricultural Research for Development |
| The Agronomy and Economy of Some Important Industrial Crops |
| Dr. Norman E. Borlaug: Twentieth Century Lessons for the Twenty-First Century World / Kenneth M. Quinn |
| Iowa Roots |
| Minnesota and a Focus on Plant Pathology and Wheat |
| Confronting Poverty in Mexico |
| India, Pakistan, and the Green Revolution |
| The Impact in Asia |
| The Nobel Peace Prize |
| Bringing the Green Revolution to Africa |
| The World Food Prize |
| Inspiring the Leaders of Tomorrow |
| A Lasting Global Legacy |
| Extraordinary Recognition for a Humble Man |
| Contaminants as Tracers for Studying Dynamics of Soil Formation: Mining an Ocean of Opportunities / Jonatan Klaminder ; Kyungsoo Yoo |
| Outlining the Quest for New Tracers of Soil Formation |
| Atmospherically Derived Lead and SCPs: Tracers of What? |
| Constraining Mass Fluxes Involved in Geochemical Evolution of Soils |
| Lead and SCP as a Tracer of Organic Matter Dynamics |
| Epigenetics: The Second Genetic Code / Nathan M. Springer ; Shawn M. Kaeppler |
| Molecular Mechanisms of Epigenetic Inheritance |
| Epigenetic Phenomena in Plants |
| Epigenetic Inheritance and Crop Improvement |
| Microbial Distribution in Soils: Physics and Scaling / I. M. Young ; J. W. Crawford ; N. Nunan ; W. Otten ; A. Spiers |
| Soil as a Habitat |
| What Characteristics of Structure Matter and Why? |
| Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Microbes |
| Habitat-Biofilm Interactions |
| Habitat-Microbe Interactions |
| Future |
| Nanoscale Particles and Processes: A New Dimension in Soil Science / Patricia A. Maurice ; Michael F. Hochella |
| Nanoscience as a Key Element of Soil Science |
| Nanoparticles and Nanominerals |
| Nanoparticles in Soils |
| Some Nano-scale Techniques for Soils Applications |
| The Unique World of the Nanoparticle |
| Why Nanoparticles Behave Differently |
| Nanoparticle Stability: Size and More than Size Matter |
| Nanoparticle Mobility in Soils and Sediments |
| Nanoparticle Effects on Pollutant Transport and Bioavailability |
| Nanoparticle Toxicity in Soil Environments |
| The Special Role of the Soil Sciences in Environmental Nanoscience |
| Combining Biomarker with Stable Isotope Analyses for Assessing the Transformation and Turnover Soil Organic Matter / W. Amelung ; S. Brodowski ; A. Sandhage-Hofmann ; R. Bol |
| Major Biomarkers |
| Using Carbon Isotopes in SOM Studies |
| Biomarker Specific Stable Isotope Analyses |
| Conclusions and Perspectives |
| preface |
| Clearing the Air: Livestock's Contribution to Climate Change / Maurice E. Pitesky ; Kimberly R. Stackhouse ; Frank M. Mitloehner |
| Life Cycle Assessment |
| Effects of Agriculture on Climate Change |
| Livestock Types and Production nSystems |
| Enteric Fermentation |
| Animal Manure |
| Livestock Related Land-Use Changes |
| Livestock Induced Desertification |
| Release from Cultivated Soil |
| 10Carbon Emissions from Feed Production |
| 11On-Farm Fossil Fuel Use: Diesel and Electricity |
| 12Postharvest: C02 from Livestock Processing |
| 13Conclusions |
| Improvement of Drought Resistance in Rice / R. Serraj ; A. Kumar ; K. L. McNally ; I. Siamet-Loedin ; R. Bruskiewich ; R. Mauleon ; J. Cairns |
| Drought Characterization |
| Rice Responses to Drought |
| Concepts and Tools for Phenotyping |
| Conventional Breeding |
| Drought-Resistance Genes and GM Technology |
| Conclusions and Future Prospects |
| Problems, Challenges, and Strategic Options of Grain Securityin China / Minghua Zhang ; Yan Cai |
| Connotation of Grain Security in China |
| Development Stages of Grain Production in China |
| Achievements and Experiences of Grain Production in China |
| Problems and Challenges of Grain Security in China |
| Strategy Options and Countermeasures for Grain Security in China |
| Case Studies |
| Weed Management in Rice-Based Cropping Systems in Africa / J. Rodenburg ; D. E. Johnson |
| Weed Species in Rice in Africa |
| Weed Management Practices In African Rice-Based Cropping Systems |
| Emerging Weed Problems and Weed Management Issues |
| A Strategic Vision for Weed Management and Research in African RiceProduction Systems |
| Advances in Assessing Bioavailability of Metal(Loid)s in Contaminated Soils / Kirk G. Scheckel ; Rufus L. Chaney ; Nicholas T. Basta ; James A. Ryan |
| Metal Risks in Soil |
| Biological Metal Uptake |
| Metal Extractability to Predict Availability |
| Metal Chemistry |
| Understanding Metal Bioavailability, Bioaccessibility, and Speciation |
| Nitrogen in Rainfed and Irrigated Cropping Systems in the Mediterranean Region / John Ryan ; Hayriye Ibrikci ; Rolf Sommer ; Ann McNeill |
| Mediterranean Agroecosystems |
| Perspective on Nitrogen in Agriculture |
| Fertilizer use Trends in the Mediterranean Region |
| Response of Rainfed Crops to Nitrogen Fertilizer |
| Assessing Soil Nitrogen Status for Crop Yields |
| Nitrogen Fixation Under Mediterranean Dryland Conditions |
| Potential Losses of Nitrogen in Dryland Cropping |
| Integrated Cropping Systems: Implications for Nitrogen |
| Nitrogen in Supplemental Irrigation Systems |
| Nitrogen Tracer use in Rainfed Cropping Systems |
| Modeling of Nitrogen in Rainfed Cropping Systems |
| Future Perspective |
| Biogeochemical Processes Controlling the Fate and Transport of Arsenic: Implications for South and Southeast Asia / Scott Fendorf ; Benjamin D. Kocar |
| Arsenic Aqueous Chemistry |
| Arsenic Surface and Solid Phases |
| Desorption of Arsenic in Soils and Sediments |
| Biogeochemical Processes |
| Processes Controlling Arsenic Concentrations in South(east) Asia |
| Inorganic and Organic Constituents and Contaminants of Biosolids: Implications for Land Application / R. J. Haynes ; G. Murtaza |
| Sewage Treatment Processes |
| Composition of Biosolids |
| Nutrient Content and Release |
| Heavy Metal Contaminants |
| Organic Contaminants |
| Synthesis and Conclusions |
| Are Biofuels Antithetic to Long-Term Sustainability of Soil and Water Resources? / W. A. Payne |
| Some History |
| An Overview of Biofuels |
| Sustainability Issues |
| A Review of Biochar and Its Use and Function in Soil / S. P. Sohi ; E. Lopez-Capel |
| Characterization of Biochar |
| Biochar Application in Agriculture |
| Research Priorities and Future Challenges |
| Towards a Holistic Classification of Diffuse Agricultural Water Pollution from Intensively Managed Grasslands on Heavy Soils / S. J. Granger ; S. Anthony ; P. N. Owens ; S. M. White |
| Defining a Conceptual Framework |
| The Assignment of Pollutants in the Conceptual Framework |
| Identifying Potential Pollutant SMD Scenarios |
| Summary and Future Research |
| A New GIS Nitrogen Trading Tool Concept for Conservation and Reduction of Reactive Nitrogen Losses to the Environment / J. A. Delgado ; C. M. Gross ; H. Lal ; H. Cover ; P. Gagliardi ; S. P. McKinney ; E. Hesketh ; M. J. Shaffer |
| Understanding the Nitrogen Cycle with Respect to Nitrogen Management and Trading |
| New Technologies |
| Case Scenarios: GIS Trading Tool Concept Evaluations |
| Variability in Harvest Index of Grain Crops and Potential Significance for Carbon Accounting: Examples from Australian Agriculture / Murray Unkovich ; Jeff Baldock ; Matthew Forbes |
| Determinants of Harvest Index |
| A Database of Crop Dry Matter, Grain Yields, and Harvest Indices |
| Dry Matter, Grain Yield, and Harvest Index Values for Crops |
| Crop Harvest Indices and C Accounting |
| The Role of Seed Ecology in Improving Weed Management Strategies in the Tropics / Bhagirath S. Chauhan ; David E. Johnson |
| Challenges for Weed Management in the Tropics |
| Role of Seed Ecology in Determining Weed Populations |
| Responses of Weed Seed Germination to Light |
| Responses of Weed Seed Germination to Seed Scarification and Fire |
| Responses of Weed Seed Germination to Seed Burial Depth, Tillage, and Surface Mulches |
| Responses of Weed Seed Germination to Stresses |
| Harnessing Knowledge of Seed Ecology for Novel Improved Weed Management Strategies |
| Phosphorus Solubilization and Potential Transfer to Surface Waters from the Soil Microbial Biomass Following Drying-Rewetting and Freezing-Thawing / M. S. A. Blackwell ; P. C. Brookes ; N. de la Fuente-Martinez ; H. Gordon ; P. J. Murray ; K. E. Snars ; J. K. Williams |
| Factors Affecting Solubilization of Phosphorus from the Soil Microbial Biomass |
| Factors Controlling Transfer to Surface Waters |
| Uncertainties |
| The Significance of Changing Climate and Soil Management |
| Conclusions and Future Work |
| Improving Productivity of Crops in Water-Limited Environments / J. B. Passioura ; J. F. Angus |
| Water-Limited Potential Yield |
| Water as a Limiting Resource: An Analytical and Diagnostic Framework |
| Water Balance and Transpiration |
| Transpiration Efficiency |
| HI: Converting Biomass into Grain |
| Yield Improvement by Management |
| Concluding Comments |
| Advances in Understanding the Molecular Structure of Soil Organic Matter: Implications for Interactions in the Environment / Markus Kleber ; Mark G. Johnson |
| Soil Is an Aqueous System |
| Evolution of SOM Concepts |
| The "Humic Dilemma" as an Element of Contemporary SOM Concepts |
| Reconciliation of Four Centuries of SOM Research |
| Outlook for the Future |
| Implications of the Knowledge Paradox for Soil Science / Johan Bouma |
| Mode-1 Versus Mode-2 Research |
| How to Define "Niches" for Soil Science When Studying the Big Environmental Issues of Today |
| Studying the Seven Soil Functions |
| How to Better Interact with Stakeholders and Policy Makers |
| The Internal Issue: How to Become an Effective Community of Scientific Practice? |
| Grassland Fire Management in Future Climate / A. L. Sullivan |
| Fire Behavior in Grasslands |
| Fire Spread Prediction in Australian Grasslands |
| Impacts of Climate Change on Fire Spread Prediction |
| Implications for Grassland Fire Management |
| Conclusion |
| Rhizosphere Processes and Management for Improving Nutrient Use Efficiency and Crop Productivity: Implications for China / Fusuo Zhang ; Jianbo Shen ; Junling Zhang ; Yuanmei Zuo ; Long Li ; Xinping Chen |
| Rhizosphere Processes and Nutrient Bioavailability |
| Rhizosphere Management for Improving Nutrient Use Efficiency and Crop Productivity |
| Terrestrial Nanoparticles and Their Controls on Soil-/Geo-Processes and Reactions / Nikolla P. Qafoku |
| Size-Dependent Properties |
| Nanoparticles Occurrence in Soils |
| Nanoparticle Behavior in Soils |
| Nanoparticle Toxicity |
| Future Research Directions |
| Mitigating Allergenicity of Crops / Peggy Ozias-Akins ; Ye Chu ; Joseph Knoll ; Anjanabha Bhattacharya |
| Methods to Alter Allergen Content of Crops |
| The Potential for California Agricultural Crop Soils to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions: A Holistic Evaluation / Emma C. Suddick ; Kate M. Scow ; William R. Horwath ; Louise E. Jackson ; David R. Smart ; Jeffery Mitchell ; Johan Six |
| Basic Concepts of Carbon Sequestration |
| Land Conversion and the Effect on Carbon Sequestration |
| Greenhouse Gas Emissions Modeling and Future Predictions for California Agriculture |
| Cobenefits of Alternative/Carbon-Friendly Agricultural Practices |
| Research Challenges and Recommendations |
| Conclusion: The Potential for California Agriculture to Sequester Carbon |
| Visible and Near Infrared Spectroscopy in Soil Science / Bo Stenberg ; Raphael A. Viscarra Rossel ; Abdul Mounem Mouazen ; Johanna Wetterlind |
| Past and Current Role of vis-NIR in Soil Analysis |
| Factors Influencing the Performance and Generality of vis-NIR Calibrations |
| Field Analyses |
| Strategies for Practical Use of vis-NIR Spectroscopy for Soil Analysis |
| General and Future Aspects |
| Agronomic and Ecological Implications of Biofuels / Catherine Bonin ; Rattan Lal |
| Food Safety Issues for Mineral and Organic Fertilizers |
| Mechanisms of Nickel Uptake and Hyperaccumulation by Plants and Implications for Soil Remediation / Shanying He ; Zhenli He ; Xiaoe Yang ; Virupax C Baligar |
| Conservation Agriculture in the Semi-Arid Tropics: Prospects and Problems / Ram A. Jat ; Suhas P. Wani ; Kanwar L. Sahrawat |
| Green and Brown Manures in Dryland Wheat Production Systems in Mediterranean-Type Environments / M. M. Roper ; S. P. Milroy ; M. L. Poole |
| Productivity and Sustainability of the Rice-Wheat Cropping System in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of the Indian Subcontinent: Problems, Opportunities, and Strategies / Gulshan Mahajan ; Virender Sardana ; Jagadish Timsina ; Mangi L. Jat |
| Management-Induced Changes to Soil Organic Carbon in China: A Meta-analysis / Xin Zhao ; Ran Zhang ; Jian-Fu Xue ; Chao Pu ; Xiang-Qian Zhang ; Sheng-Li Liu ; Fu Chen ; Rattan Lai ; Hai-Lin Zhang |
| List of Abbreviations |
| Materials and Methods |
| Discussion |
| The References of 83 Publications were Extracted for this Meta-analysis / Appendix A： |
| Basic Information of the Compiled Studies / Appendix B： |
| Relationship between Relative Change of Applied Amount of Manure and Relative Change of SOC Concentration (Solid Black Spots) and Stock (Hollow White Spots) / Appendix C： |
| Advances and Perspectives to Improve the Phosphorus Availability in Cropping Systems for Agroecological Phosphorus Management / Michel-Pierre Faucon ; David Houben ; Jean-Paul Reynoird ; Anne-Maïmiti Mercadal-Dulaurent ; Romain Armand ; Hans Lambers |
| Use of Renewable Resources Improving Phosphorus Availability Without Compromising Finite Mineral Resources |
| Efficiency of Multispecies Cropping Systems on Phosphorus Availability |
| Genetic Traits of Plant-Microorganisms Relationships involved in the Tolerance of Low-P Soils and Plant Breeding |
| Using Functional Traits to Assess the Services Provided by Cover Plants: A Review of Potentialities in Banana Cropping Systems / Gaëlle Damour ; Eric Gamier ; Marie Laure Navas ; Marc Dorel ; Jean-Michel Risède |
| Semiperennial Cropping Systems Including Cover Plants: The Case of Banana Cropping Systems |
| Effect Traits of Cover Plants Associated to the Main Services Targeted in a Banana Cropping System |
| From Plant Traits to Services in Agrosystems |
| Appendix: Complementary Indications on Measurement Methods of a Few Markers Proposed to Assess the AgrosysTem Processes |
| Soil Biogeochemistry, Plant Physiology, and Phytoremediation of Cadmium-Contaminated Soils / Peter J. Stoffella ; Virupax C. Baligar |
| Soil Biogeochemistry of Cd |
| Plant Physiology of Cd Toxicity |
| Cd Hyperaccumulator Plants |
| Phytoremediation of Cd-Contaminated Soils |
| Concluding Remarks and Future Research |
| Bacterial Diseases of Crops: Elucidation of the Factors that Lead to Differences Between Field and Experimental Infections / Jay Ram Lamichhane |
| Presence of Inter-and Intraspecies Bacterial Cooperation |
| Frequent Climatic, Edaphic, and Nutrient Stresses |
| Existence of Biotic and Abiotic Associations that Lead to Complex Disease Phenomena |
| Occurrence of Simultaneous Biotic Stresses |
| Higher Availability of Ports of Entry and Putative Infected Sites |
| Difference in the Growth Stage of Plant Materials Infected |
| Functional Relationships of Soil Acidification, Liming, and Greenhouse Gas Flux / R. Thangarajan ; Y. Xu ; S. Mandal ; D. B. Gleeson ; B. Seshadri ; M. Zaman ; L. Barton ; J. Luo ; R. Dalai ; W. Ding ; M. B. Kirkham |
| Soil acidification and liming |
| Liming and greenhouse gas emission |
| Conclusions and future research needs |
| Ideotype Root System Architecture for Maize to Achieve High Yield and Resource Use Efficiency in Intensive Cropping Systems / F. Chen ; L. Yuan |
| Root system and root system architecture of maize |
| Root system architecture for efficient N acquisition |
| Root system architecture for efficient P acquisition |
| Root system architecture for efficient water acquisition |
| Root system architecture for high plant density and root-lodging resistance |
| Root anatomical structure and the cost for root system establishment |
| Models of the ideotype root system architecture for maize in the intensive cropping systems |
| Environmental Impact of Organic Agriculture / K. Lorenz |
| Current State of Organic Agriculture |
| Effects of Organic Agriculture on Soil Carbon Stocks |
| Soil-Derived Greenhouse Gas Fluxes Under Organic Agriculture |
| Effects of Organic Agriculture on Yield |
| Implications of Organic Agriculture for the Environment |
| Monitoring and Modeling Soil Change: The Influence of Human Activity and Climatic Shifts on Aspects of Soil Spatiotemporally / P. Filippi ; B. Minasny ; S.R. Cattle ; T.F.A. Bishop |
| Soil Properties Most Susceptible to Anthropogenic Activity and Climate Change |
| Methods of Measuring and Monitoring Soil Change |
| Challenges in Monitoring Soil Change |
| Modeling Soil Change Into the Future |
| Conclusions and Future Research Needs |
| Agronomic Effectiveness of Zinc Sources as Micronutrient Fertilizer / D. Montalvo ; F. Degryse ; R. C. da Silva ; R. Baird ; M. J. McLaughlin |
| Importance of Zn for Plants and Humans |
| Sources of Zn for Fertilizer Production |
| Types of Zn Fertilizers |
| Chemical Reactions of Zn Fertilizers |
| Extraction Methods to Estimate Zn Fertilizer Effectiveness |
| Agronomic Effectiveness of Zn Fertilizers |
| New Technologies to Improve Zn Fertilizer Efficiency |
| Conclusions and Future Needs |
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