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1.

図書

図書
edited by Jean-Louis Barrat ... [et al.] ; published in cooperation with the NATO Scientific Affair Division
出版情報: Les Ulis : EDP Sciences , Berlin ; Tokyo : Springer, c2003  xxxiii, 769 p. ; 23 cm
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2.

図書

図書
edited by H. Flyvbjerg ... [et al.]
出版情報: Les Ulis : EDP sciences , Berlin ; Tokyo : Springer, c2002  xxxiv, 580 p. ; 23 cm
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3.

図書

図書
edited by C. Bachas ... [et al.]
出版情報: Les Ulis : EDP Sciences , Berlin ; Tokyo : Springer, c2002  xxxiv, 663 p. ; 23 cm
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4.

図書

図書
edited by Vassily Beskin ... [et al.]
出版情報: Les Ulis : EDP Sciences , Berlin ; Tokyo : Springer, c2003  xxvii, 625 p. ; 23 cm
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5.

図書

図書
edited by R. Kaiser, C. Westbrook and F. David
出版情報: Les Ulis : EDP sciences , Berlin : Springer, c2001  xxxvi, 714 p. ; 23 cm
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目次情報: 続きを見る
Bose--Einstein Condensates in Atomic Gases: Simple Theoretical Results
Spinor Condensates and Light Scattering from Bose--Einstein Condensates
Field Theory for Trapped Atomic Gases
Atom Interferometry
Mesoscopic Light Scattering in Atomic Physics
Quantum Chaos in Atomic Physics
Photonic Band Gap Materials
Environment-Induced Decoherence and the Transition from Quantum to Classical
Cavity QED Experiments, Entanglement and Quantum Measurement
Basic Concepts in Quantum Computation
Coherent Backscattering of Light from a Cold Atomic Cloud
Bose--Einstein Condensates in Atomic Gases: Simple Theoretical Results
Spinor Condensates and Light Scattering from Bose--Einstein Condensates
Field Theory for Trapped Atomic Gases
6.

図書

図書
edited by C. Guet ... [et al]
出版情報: Les Ulis : EDP sciences , Berlin ; Tokyo : Springer, c2001  xxxv, 584 p. ; 23 cm
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目次情報: 続きを見る
Lecturers
Preface
Contents
Experimental Aspects of Metal Clusters / T.P. MartinCourse 1:
Introduction / 1:
Subshells, shells and supershells / 2:
The experiment / 3:
Observation of electronic shell structure / 4:
Density functional calculation / 5:
Observation of supershells / 6:
Fission / 7:
Concluding remarks / 8:
Melting of Clusters / H. HaberlandCourse 2:
Cluster calorimetry
The bulk limit / 2.1:
Calorimetry for free clusters / 2.2:
Experiment
The source for thermalized cluster ions / 3.1:
Caloric curves
Melting temperatures / 4.1:
Latent heats / 4.2:
Other experiments measuring thermal properties of free clusters / 4.3:
A closer look at the experiment
Beam preparation / 5.1:
Reminder: Canonical versus microcanonical ensemble / 5.1.1:
A canonical distribution of initial energies / 5.1.2:
Free clusters in vacuum, a microcanonical ensemble / 5.1.3:
Analysis of the fragmentation process / 5.2:
Photo-excitation and energy relaxation / 5.2.1:
Mapping of the energy on the mass scale / 5.2.2:
Broadening of the mass spectra due to the statistics of evaporation / 5.2.3:
Canonical or microcanonical data evaluation / 5.3:
Results obtained from a closer look
Negative heat capacity / 6.1:
Entropy / 6.2:
Unsolved problems
Summary and outlook
Excitations in Clusters / G.F. BertschCourse 3:
Statistical reaction theory
Cluster evaporation rates
Electron emission
Radiative cooling / 2.3:
Optical properties of small particles
Connections to the bulk
Linear response and short-time behavior / 3.2:
Collective excitations / 3.3:
Calculating the electron wave function
Time-dependent density functional theory
Linear response of simple metal clusters
Alkali metal clusters
Silver clusters
Carbon structures
Chains
Polyenes
Benzene / 6.3:
C60 / 6.4:
Carbon nanotubes / 6.5:
Quantized conductance / 6.6:
Density Functional Theory, Methods, Techniques, and Applications / S. Chrétien ; D.R. SalahubCourse 4:
Density functional theory
Hohenberg and Kohn theorems
Levy's constrained search
Kohn-Sham method
Density matrices and pair correlation functions
Adiabatic connection or coupling strength integration
Comparing and constrasting KS-DFT and HF-CI
Preparing new functionals
Approximate exchange and correlation functionals
The Local Spin Density Approximation (LSDA) / 7.1:
Gradient Expansion Approximation (GEA) / 7.2:
Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) / 7.3:
meta-Generalized Gradient Approximation (meta-GGA) / 7.4:
Hybrid functionals / 7.5:
The Optimized Effective Potential method (OEP) / 7.6:
Comparison between various approximate functionals / 7.7:
LAP correlation functional
Solving the Kohn-Sham equations / 9:
The Kohn-Sham orbitals / 9.1:
Coulomb potential / 9.2:
Exchange-correlation potential / 9.3:
Core potential / 9.4:
Other choices and sources of error / 9.5:
Functionality / 9.6:
Applications / 10:
Ab initio molecular dynamics for an alanine dipeptide model / 10.1:
Transition metal clusters: The ecstasy, and the agony / 10.2:
Vanadium trimer / 10.2.1:
Nickel clusters / 10.2.2:
The conversion of acetylene to benzene on Fe clusters / 10.3:
Conclusions / 11:
Semiclassical Approaches to Mesoscopic Systems / M. BrackCourse 5:
Extended Thomas-Fermi model for average properties
Thomas-Fermi approximation
Wigner-Kirkwood expansion
Gradient expansion of density functionals
Density variational method / 2.4:
Applications to metal clusters / 2.5:
Restricted spherical density variation / 2.5.1:
Unrestricted spherical density variation / 2.5.2:
Liquid drop model for charged spherical metal clusters / 2.5.3:
Periodic orbit theory for quantum shell effects
Semiclassical expansion of the Green function
Trace formulae for level density and total energy
Calculation of periodic orbits and their stability
Uniform approximations / 3.4:
Supershell structure of spherical alkali clusters / 3.5:
Ground-state deformations / 3.5.2:
Applications to two-dimensional electronic systems / 3.6:
Conductance oscillations in a circular quantum dot / 3.6.1:
Integer quantum Hall effect in the two-dimensional electron gas / 3.6.2:
Conductance oscillations in a channel with antidots / 3.6.3:
Local-current approximation for linear response
Quantum-mechanical equations of motion
Variational equation for the local current density
Secular equation using a finite basis
Optic response in the jellium model / 4.4:
Optic response with ionic structure / 4.4.2:
Pairing Correlations in Finite Fermionic Systems / H. FlocardCourse 6:
Basic mechanism: Cooper pair and condensation
Condensed matter perspective: Electron pairs
Nuclear physics perspective: Two nucleons in a shell
Condensation of Cooper's pairs
Mean-field approach at finite temperature
Family of basic operators
Duplicated representation / 3.1.1:
Basic operators / 3.1.2:
BCS coefficients; quasi-particles / 3.1.3:
Wick theorem
BCS finite temperature equations
Density operator, entropy, average particle number / 3.3.1:
BCS equations / 3.3.2:
Discussion; problems for finite systems / 3.3.3:
Discussion; size of a Cooper pair / 3.3.4:
Discussion; low temperature BCS properties
First attempt at particle number restoration
Particle number projection
Projected density operator
Expectation values
Projected BCS at T = 0, expectation values
Projected BCS at T = 0, equations / 4.5:
Projected BCS at T = 0, generalized gaps and single particle shifts / 4.6:
Stationary variational principle for thermodynamics
General method for constructing stationary principles
Stationary action
Characteristic function
Transposition of the general procedure
General properties
Variational principle applied to extended BCS
Variational spaces and group properties
Extended BCS functional
Extended BCS equations
Properties of the extended BCS equations
Recovering the BCS solution
Beyond the BCS solution
Particle number projection at finite temperature
Particle number projected action
Number projected stationary equations: sketch of the method
Number parity projected BCS at finite temperature
Projection and action / 8.1:
Variational equations / 8.2:
Average values and thermodynamic potentials / 8.3:
Small temperatures / 8.4:
Even number systems / 8.4.1:
Odd number systems / 8.4.2:
Numerical illustration / 8.5:
Odd-even effects
Number parity projected free energy differences
Nuclear odd-even energy differences
Extensions to very small systems
Zero temperature
Finite temperatures
Conclusions and perspectives
Models of Metal Clusters and Quantum Dots / M. ManninenCourse 7:
Jellium model and the density functional theory
Spherical jellium clusters
Effect of the lattice
Tight-binding model
Shape deformation
Tetrahedral and triangular shapes
Odd-even staggering in metal clusters
Ab initio electronic structure: Shape and photoabsorption
Quantum dots: Hund's rule and spin-density waves
Deformation in quantum dots
Localization of electrons in a strong magnetic field / 12:
Theory of Cluster Magnetism / G.M. Pastor13:
Background on atomic and solid-state properties
Localized electron magnetism
Magnetic configurations of atoms: Hund's rules / 2.1.1:
Magnetic susceptibility of open-shell ions in insulators / 2.1.2:
Interaction between local moments: Heisenberg model / 2.1.3:
Stoner model of itinerant magnetism
Localized and itinerant aspects of magnetism in solids
Experiments on magnetic clusters
Ground-state magnetic properties of transition-metal clusters
Model Hamiltonians
Mean-field approximation
Second-moment approximation
Spin magnetic moments and magnetic order
Free clusters: Surface effects
Embedded clusters: Interface effects
Magnetic anisotropy and orbital magnetism
Relativistic corrections / 4.5.1:
Magnetic anisotropy of small clusters / 4.5.2:
Enhancement of orbital magnetism / 4.5.3:
Electron-correlation effects on cluster magnetism
The Hubbard model
Geometry optimization in graph space
Ground-state structure and total spin
Comparison with non-collinear Hartree-Fock / 5.4:
Finite-temperature magnetic properties of clusters
Spin-fluctuation theory of cluster magnetism
Environment dependence of spin fluctuation energies
Role of electron correlations and structural fluctuations
Conclusion
Electron Scattering on Metal Clusters and Fullerenes / A.V. Solov'yovCourse 9:
Jellium model: Cluster electron wave functions
Diffraction of fast electrons on clusters: Theory and experiment
Elements of many-body theory
Inelastic scattering of fast electrons on metal clusters
Plasmon resonance approximation: Diffraction phenomena, comparison with experiment and RPAE
Surface and volume plasmon excitations in the formation of the electron energy loss spectrum
Polarization effects in low-energy electron cluster collision and the photon emission process
How electron excitations in a cluster relax
Energy Landscapes / D.J. WalesCourse 10:
Levinthal's paradox / 1.1:
"Strong" and "fragile" liquids / 1.2:
The Born-Oppenheimer approximation
Normal modes
Orthogonal transformations
The normal mode transformation
Describing the potential energy landscape
Stationary points and pathways
Zero Hessian eigenvalues
Classification of stationary points
Pathways
Properties of steepest-descent pathways
Uniqueness
Steepest-descent paths from a transition state
Principal directions / 4.4.3:
Birth and death of symmetry elements / 4.4.4:
Classification of rearrangements
The Mclver-Stanton rules
Coordinate transformations / 4.7:
"Mass-weighted" steepest-descent paths / 4.7.1:
Sylvester's law of inertia / 4.7.2:
Branch points / 4.8:
Tunnelling
Tunnelling in (HF)(2)
Tunnelling in (H(2)O)(3)
Global thermodynamics
The superposition approximation
Sample incompleteness
Thermodynamics and cluster simulation
Example: Isomerisation dynamics of LJ7
Finite size phase transitions
Stability and van der Waals loops
Global optimisation
Basin-hopping global optimisation
Confinement Technique for Simulating Finite Many-Body Systems / S.F. ChekmarevCourse 11:
Key points and advantages of the confinement simulations: General remarks
Methods for generating phase trajectories
Conventional molecular dynamics
Stochastic molecular dynamics
Identification of atomic structures
Quenching procedure / .1:
Characterization of a minimum
Confinement procedures
Reversal of the trajectory at the boundary of the basin. Microcanonical ensemble
Initiating the trajectory at the point of the last quenching within the basin. Microcanonical and canonical ensembles
Confinement to a selected catchment area. Some applications
Fractional caloric curves and densities of states of the isomers
Rates of the transitions between catchment basins. Estimation of the rate of a complex transition by successive confinement
Creating a subsystem of a complex system. Self-diffusion in the subsystem of permutational isomers
Complex study of a system by successive confinement
Surveying a potential energy surface. Strategies
Strategies to survey a surface / 7.1.1:
A taboo search strategy. Fermi-like distribution over the minima / 7.1.2:
Kinetics
Equilibrium properties
Study of the alanine tetrapeptide
Molecular Clusters: Potential Energy and Free Energy Surfaces. Quantum Chemical ab initio and Computer Simulation Studies / P. HobzaCourse 12:
The hierarchy of interactions between elementary particles, atoms and molecules
The origin and phenomenological description of vdW interactions
Calculation of interaction energy
Vibrational frequencies
Potential energy surface
Free energy surface
Benzene .Ar clusters
Aromatic system dimers and oligomers
Nucleic acid-base pairs
Seminars by participants
Lecturers
Preface
Contents
7.

図書

図書
edited by M. Lesieur, A. Yaglom and F. David
出版情報: Les Ulis : EDP sciences , Berlin ; Tokyo : Springer, c2001  xxxvii, 554 p. ; 23 cm
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8.

図書

図書
edited by P. Binétruy ... [et al.]
出版情報: Les Ulis : EDP sciences , Berlin : Springer, c2000  xxxvi, 628 p. ; 23 cm
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9.

図書

図書
edited by Jean-Philippe Bouchaud, Marc Mézard and Jean Dalibard
出版情報: Amsterdam ; Tokyo : Elsevier, c2007  xxviii, 498 p. ; 24 cm
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10.

図書

図書
edited by Francis Bernardeau, Christophe Grojean and Jean Dalibard
出版情報: Amsterdam ; Tokyo : Elsevier, c2007  xxxi, 558 p. ; 24 cm
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目次情報: 続きを見る
Organizers
Lecturers
Participants
Preface
Long Lectures
Gravitational waves / Alessandra BuonannoCourse 1:
Introduction / 1:
Linearization of Einstein equations / 2:
Einstein equations and gauge symmetry / 2.1:
Wave equation / 2.2:
Transverse-traceless gauge / 2.3:
Interaction of gravitational waves with point particles / 3:
Newtonian and relativistic description of tidal gravity / 3.1:
Description in the transverse-traceless gauge / 3.2:
Description in the free-falling frame / 3.3:
Key ideas underlying gravitational-wave detectors / 3.4:
Effective stress-energy tensor of gravitational waves / 4:
Generation of gravitational waves / 5:
Sources in slow motion, weak-field and negligible self-gravity / 5.1:
Sources in slow motion and weak-field, but non-negligible self-gravity / 5.2:
Radiated energy, angular momentum and linear momentum / 5.3:
Application to binary systems / 6:
Inspiral waveforms at leading Newtonian order / 6.1:
Inspiral waveform including post-Newtonian corrections / 6.2:
Merger and ring-down waveforms / 6.3:
Templates for data analysis / 6.4:
Other astrophysical sources / 7:
Pulsars / 7.1:
Supernovae / 7.2:
Cosmological sources / 8:
Phenomenological bounds / 8.1:
Gravitational waves produced by causal mechanisms / 8.2:
Gravitational waves produced by cosmic and fundamental strings / 8.3:
Gravitational waves produced during inflation / 8.4:
References
Baryogenesis / James M. ClineCourse 2:
Observational evidence for the BAU
Sakharov's conditions for baryogenesis
B violation
Loss of thermal equilibrium
C, CP violation
Examples of CP violation / 2.4:
More history / 2.5:
Example: GUT baryogenesis
Washout processes
B and CP violation in the standard model
CP violation in the SM / 4.1:
Electroweak phase transition and electroweak baryogenesis
Strength of the phase transition
EWPT in the MSSM
A model of electroweak baryogenesis: 2HDM
EDM constraints
EWBG in the MSSM
Other mechanisms; Leptogenesis
String cosmology / Course 3:
Dark energy
The problem of scales / 1.1:
The string theory landscape / 1.2:
The Bousso-Polchinski (Brown-Teitelboim) mechanism / 1.3:
Caveats to the landscape approach / 1.4:
Inflation
Brane-antibrane inflation
Warped compactification
Warped brane-antibrane inflation
The [eta] problem
Solutions (?) to the [eta] problem
Confrontation with experiment / 2.6:
Physics of the early universe and inflation / Lev KofmanCourse 4:
Preamble
Concise history of the early universe
Big Bang: answered questions
Big Bang: unanswered questions
Inflation: answered questions
Models of inflation
Inflaton family portrait
Global geometry
Generalities
De Sitter and FRW geometries / 4.2:
FRW geometry / 4.3:
Single FRW domain from inflation / 4.4:
Scalar field fluctuations in de Sitter geometry / 4.5:
Multiple FRW domains from inflation and fractal geometry in the future / 4.6:
Generation of fluctuations from inflation
Cosmic piano
Generation of the scalar metrics fluctuations
Generation of the tensor metrics fluctuations
Probing models with fluctuations / 5.4:
Preheating after inflation
Heating the universe after inflation
Pair creation by an electric field
Linear resonant preheating
Non-linear dynamics of resonant preheating
Inflaton fragmentation / 6.5:
Tachyonic preheating / 6.6:
Gravitational waves from preheating / 6.7:
Cosmic microwave background anisotropies up to second order / N. Bartolo ; S. Matarrese ; A. RiottoCourse 5:
Perturbing gravity
The collisionless Boltzmann equation for photons
Collision term
The collision integral
Computation of different contributions to the collision term
Final expression for the collision term
The Brightness equation
First order
Second order
Hierarchy equations for multipole moments
Integral solution of the second-order Boltzmann equation
The Boltzmann equation for baryons and cold dark matter
Energy continuity equations
Momentum continuity equations
Linear solution of the Boltzmann equations
Linear solutions in the limit of tight coupling
Perturbation modes with k [double less-than sign] k[subscript eq]
Perturbation modes with k [double greater-than sign] k[subscript eq]
Conclusions / 9:
Einstein's equations / Appendix A:
The metric tensor / Appendix A.1:
The connection coefficients / Appendix A.2:
Einstein tensor / Appendix A.3:
Energy-momentum tensor / Appendix A.4:
First-order solutions of Einstein's equations in various eras / Appendix B:
Matter-dominated era / Appendix B.1:
Radiation-dominated era / Appendix B.2:
Physics beyond the standard model and dark matter / Hitoshi MurayamaCourse 6:
Particle physics and cosmology
Next threshold
Why beyond the standard model
Empirical reasons
Philosophical and aesthetic reasons
Positron analogue
Hierarchy problem
Examples of physics beyond the standard model
Supersymmetry
Composite Higgs
Extra dimensions
Evidence for dark matter
What dark matter is not
MACHOs
Neutrinos
CHAMPs and SIMPs
WIMP dark matter
WIMP
Boltzmann equation
Analytic approximation
Numerical integration
The new minimal standard model
Direct detection experiments
Popular WIMPs
Indirect detection experiments / 6.8:
Dark horse candidates
Gravitino
Axion
Other candidates / 7.3:
Cosmic coincidence
Gravitational lensing
Deflection angle
Amplification in microlensing
MACHO search
Strong lensing
Short Topical Lectures
Effective field theories and gravitational radiation / Walter D. GoldbergerCourse 7:
Lecture I
Introduction and motivation
Effective field theories: a review
Lecture II
The binary inspiral as an EFT calculation
The EFT for isolated compact objects
Calculating observables
Integrating out the orbital scale
Radiation
Finite size effects
Redundant operators
Holographic cosmology / Thomas HertogCourse 8:
Framework
Anti-de Sitter cosmologies
Dual field theory evolution
Discussion
Neutrino physics and cosmology / Sergio PastorCourse 9:
The cosmic neutrino background
Relic neutrino production and decoupling
Background evolution
Neutrinos and Primordial Nucleosynthesis
Extra radiation and the effective number of neutrinos
Massive neutrinos
Flavour oscillations and neutrino masses
Neutrinos as dark matter
Effects of neutrino masses on cosmology
Brief description of cosmological observables
Neutrino free-streaming
Impact of massive neutrinos on the matter power spectrum
Impact of massive neutrinos on the CMB anisotropy spectrum
Current bounds on neutrino masses
CMB anisotropies
Galaxy redshift surveys
Lyman-[alpha] forest
Summary and discussion of current bounds / 7.4:
Future sensitivities on neutrino masses from cosmology
Cosmic microwave background: observational status / S. PrunetCourse 10:
CMB temperature anisotropies: the "early" days
WMAP first release
Polarization of the CMB - discovery and first measurements
WMAP three year release
Conclusion
Structure formation with numerical simulations / R. TeyssierCourse 11:
The hierarchical scenario
Computational cosmology
Internal structure of dark matter haloes
The halo model
Galaxy formation physics
The Mare Nostrum simulation
Giving mass to the graviton / P. TinyakovCourse 12:
Theoretical obstructions to massive gravity
Constructing the massive gravity models
Linear perturbations
Some phenomenological implications
Newton's potential
Cosmological evolution
Experimental signatures
Summary and outlook
Working Group Reports
Dark matter on the smallest scales / E.R. Siegel ; G. D'Amico ; E. Di Napoli ; L. Fu ; M.P. Hertzberg ; N.T.T. Huong ; F. Palorini ; A. Sellerholm
The dark matter problem
Dark matter candidates
Small scale structure
Detectability and future work
Scalar gravity: post-Newtonian corrections via an effective field theory approach / Rafael A. Porto ; Riccardo Sturani
Scalar gravity
NRGR
Einstein-Infeld-Hoffmann
Discussion - Conclusions
Dark Matter in minimal trinification / D. George ; M. Hertzberg ; F. Metzler ; E. Siegel
Trinification in a nutshell
A simple case
Light and darkness of trinification
A Dark Matter candidate
Relative abundance
Decay time
Conclusion and discussion
Trans-Planckian physics from cosmology / S.E. Joras ; G. Marozzi ; R. Ansari
Standard approach
Trans-Planckian behavior: non-linear dispersion relation
A pedagogical primer on preheating / M.A. Amin ; A. Brown ; A.D. Chambers ; A. Kumar ; J. Pritchard ; N. Sivanandam
Inflation and its end
A simple model of preheating
Gravitational fluctuations
Braneworld graviton interactions in early universe phase transitions / R.U.H. Ansari ; C. Delaunay ; R. Gwyn ; A. Knauf ; N.R. Shah ; F.R. Urban
Braneworld cosmology
Brane inflation and the Electroweak phase transition
Gravitons
Individual Seminars
Organizers
Lecturers
Participants
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