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1.

図書

図書
Simon R. Blackburn, Peter M. Neumann, Geetha Venkataraman
出版情報: Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2007  xii, 281 p. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名: Cambridge tracts in mathematics ; 173
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Preface
Introduction / 1:
Elementary Results / I:
Some basic observations / 2:
Groups of Prime Power Order / II:
Preliminaries / 3:
Tensor products and exterior squares of abelian groups / 3.1:
Commutators and nilpotent groups / 3.2:
The Frattini subgroup / 3.3:
Linear algebra / 3.4:
Enumerating p-groups: a lower bound / 4:
Relatively free groups / 4.1:
Proof of the lower bound / 4.2:
Enumerating p-groups: upper bounds / 5:
An elementary upper bound / 5.1:
An overview of the Sims approach / 5.2:
'Linearising' the problem / 5.3:
A small set of relations / 5.4:
Proof of the upper bound / 5.5:
Pyber's Theorem / III:
Some more preliminaries / 6:
Hall subgroups and Sylow systems / 6.1:
The Fitting subgroup / 6.2:
Permutations and primitivity / 6.3:
Group extensions and cohomology / 7:
Group extensions / 7.1:
Cohomology / 7.2:
Restriction and transfer / 7.3:
The McIver and Neumann bound / 7.4:
Some representation theory / 8:
Semisimple algebras / 8.1:
Clifford's theorem / 8.2:
The Skolem-Noether theorem / 8.3:
Every finite skew field is a field / 8.4:
Primitive soluble linear groups / 9:
Some basic structure theory / 9.1:
The subgroup B / 9.2:
The orders of groups / 10:
Conjugacy classes of maximal soluble subgroups of symmetric groups / 11:
Enumeration of finite groups with abelian Sylow subgroups / 12:
Counting soluble A-groups: an overview / 12.1:
Soluble A-subgroups of the general linear group and the symmetric groups / 12.2:
Maximal soluble p'-A-subgroups / 12.3:
Enumeration of soluble A-groups / 12.4:
Maximal soluble linear groups / 13:
The field K and a subfield of K / 13.1:
The quotient G/C and the algebra / 13.2:
The quotient B/A / 13.3:
Structure of G determined by B / 13.4:
Conjugacy classes of maximal soluble subgroups of the general linear groups / 14:
Pyber's theorem: the soluble case / 15:
Extensions and soluble subgroups / 15.1:
Pyber's theorem / 15.2:
Pyber's theorem: the general case / 16:
Three theorems on group generation / 16.1:
Universal central extensions and covering groups / 16.2:
The generalised Fitting subgroup / 16.3:
The general case of Pyber's theorem / 16.4:
Other Topics / IV:
Enumeration within varieties of abelian groups / 17:
Varieties of abelian groups / 17.1:
Enumerating partitions / 17.2:
Further results on abelian groups / 17.3:
Enumeration within small varieties of A-groups / 18:
A minimal variety of A-groups / 18.1:
The join of minimal varieties / 18.2:
Enumeration within small varieties of p-groups / 19:
Enumerating two small varieties / 19.1:
The ratio of two enumeration functions / 19.2:
Miscellanea / 20:
Enumerating d-generator groups / 20.1:
Groups with few non-abelian composition factors / 20.2:
Enumerating graded Lie rings / 20.3:
Groups of nilpotency class 3 / 20.4:
Survey of other results / 21:
Graham Higman's PORC conjecture / 21.1:
Isoclinism classes of p-groups / 21.2:
Groups of square-free order / 21.3:
Groups of cube-free order / 21.4:
Groups of arithmetically small orders / 21.5:
Surjectivity of the enumeration function / 21.6:
Densities of certain sets of group orders / 21.7:
Enumerating perfect groups / 21.8:
Some open problems / 22:
Maximising two functions / Appendix A:
References
Index
Preface
Introduction / 1:
Elementary Results / I:
2.

図書

図書
Ralf Krömer
出版情報: Basel : Birkhäuser, c2007  xxxvi, 367 p. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名: Science networks, historical studies ; v. 32
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3.

電子ブック

EB
M.S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus, A. Jorio
出版情報: [Ann Arbor, Mich.] : ProQuest Ebook Central, [20--]  1 online resource (xv, 582 p.)
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Basic Mathematics / Part I:
Basic Mathematical Background: Introduction / 1:
Definition of a Group / 1.1:
Simple Example of a Group / 1.2:
Basic Definitions / 1.3:
Rearrangement Theorem / 1.4:
Cosets / 1.5:
Conjugation and Class / 1.6:
Factor Groups / 1.7:
Group Theory and Quantum Mechanics / 1.8:
Representation Theory and Basic Theorems / 2:
Important Definitions / 2.1:
Matrices / 2.2:
Irreducible Representations / 2.3:
The Unitarity of Representations / 2.4:
Schur's Lemma (Part 1) / 2.5:
Schur's Lemma (Part 2) / 2.6:
Wonderful Orthogonality Theorem / 2.7:
Representations and Vector Spaces / 2.8:
Character of a Representation / 3:
Definition of Character / 3.1:
Characters and Class / 3.2:
Wonderful Orthogonality Theorem for Character / 3.3:
Reducible Representations / 3.4:
The Number of Irreducible Representations / 3.5:
Second Orthogonality Relation for Characters / 3.6:
Regular Representation / 3.7:
Setting up Character Tables / 3.8:
Schoenflies Symmetry Notation / 3.9:
The Hermann-Mauguin Symmetry Notation / 3.10:
Symmetry Relations and Point Group Classifications / 3.11:
Basis Functions / 4:
Symmetry Operations and Basis Functions / 4.1:
Basis Functions for Irreducible Representations / 4.2:
Projection Operators P[subscript kl superscript (Gamma subscript n)] / 4.3:
Derivation of an Explicit Expression for P[subscript kl superscript (Gamma subscript n)] / 4.4:
The Effect of Projection Operations on an Arbitrary Function / 4.5:
Linear Combinations of Atomic Orbitals for Three Equivalent Atoms at the Corners of an Equilateral Triangle / 4.6:
The Application of Group Theory to Quantum Mechanics / 4.7:
Introductory Application to Quantum Systems / Part II:
Splitting of Atomic Orbitals in a Crystal Potential / 5:
Introduction / 5.1:
Characters for the Full Rotation Group / 5.2:
Cubic Crystal Field Environment for a Paramagnetic Transition Metal Ion / 5.3:
Comments on Basis Functions / 5.4:
Comments on the Form of Crystal Fields / 5.5:
Application to Selection Rules and Direct Products / 6:
The Electromagnetic Interaction as a Perturbation / 6.1:
Orthogonality of Basis Functions / 6.2:
Direct Product of Two Groups / 6.3:
Direct Product of Two Irreducible Representations / 6.4:
Characters for the Direct Product / 6.5:
Selection Rule Concept in Group Theoretical Terms / 6.6:
Example of Selection Rules / 6.7:
Molecular Systems / Part III:
Electronic States of Molecules and Directed Valence / 7:
General Concept of Equivalence / 7.1:
Directed Valence Bonding / 7.3:
Diatomic Molecules / 7.4:
Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules / 7.4.1:
Heterogeneous Diatomic Molecules / 7.4.2:
Electronic Orbitals for Multiatomic Molecules / 7.5:
The NH[subscript 3] Molecule / 7.5.1:
The CH[subscript 4] Molecule / 7.5.2:
The Hypothetical SH[subscript 6] Molecule / 7.5.3:
The Octahedral SF[subscript 6] Molecule / 7.5.4:
[sigma]- and [pi]-Bonds / 7.6:
Jahn-Teller Effect / 7.7:
Molecular Vibrations, Infrared, and Raman Activity / 8:
Molecular Vibrations: Background / 8.1:
Application of Group Theory to Molecular Vibrations / 8.2:
Finding the Vibrational Normal Modes / 8.3:
Molecular Vibrations in H[subscript 2]O / 8.4:
Overtones and Combination Modes / 8.5:
Infrared Activity / 8.6:
Raman Effect / 8.7:
Vibrations for Specific Molecules / 8.8:
The Linear Molecules / 8.8.1:
Vibrations of the NH[subscript 3] Molecule / 8.8.2:
Vibrations of the CH[subscript 4] Molecule / 8.8.3:
Rotational Energy Levels / 8.9:
The Rigid Rotator / 8.9.1:
Wigner-Eckart Theorem / 8.9.2:
Vibrational-Rotational Interaction / 8.9.3:
Application to Periodic Lattices / Part IV:
Space Groups in Real Space / 9:
Mathematical Background for Space Groups / 9.1:
Space Groups Symmetry Operations / 9.1.1:
Compound Space Group Operations / 9.1.2:
Translation Subgroup / 9.1.3:
Symmorphic and Nonsymmorphic Space Groups / 9.1.4:
Bravais Lattices and Space Groups / 9.2:
Examples of Symmorphic Space Groups / 9.2.1:
Cubic Space Groups and the Equivalence Transformation / 9.2.2:
Examples of Nonsymmorphic Space Groups / 9.2.3:
Two-Dimensional Space Groups / 9.3:
2D Oblique Space Groups / 9.3.1:
2D Rectangular Space Groups / 9.3.2:
2D Square Space Group / 9.3.3:
2D Hexagonal Space Groups / 9.3.4:
Line Groups / 9.4:
The Determination of Crystal Structure and Space Group / 9.5:
Determination of the Crystal Structure / 9.5.1:
Determination of the Space Group / 9.5.2:
Space Groups in Reciprocal Space and Representations / 10:
Reciprocal Space / 10.1:
Representations for the Translation Group / 10.2:
Bloch's Theorem and the Basis of the Translational Group / 10.2.2:
Symmetry of k Vectors and the Group of the Wave Vector / 10.3:
Point Group Operation in r-space and k-space / 10.3.1:
The Group of the Wave Vector G[subscript k] and the Star of k / 10.3.2:
Effect of Translations and Point Group Operations on Bloch Functions / 10.3.3:
Space Group Representations / 10.4:
Symmorphic Group Representations / 10.4.1:
Nonsymmorphic Group Representations and the Multiplier Algebra / 10.4.2:
Characters for the Equivalence Representation / 10.5:
Common Cubic Lattices: Symmorphic Space Groups / 10.6:
The [Gamma] Point / 10.6.1:
Points with k [not equal] 0 / 10.6.2:
Compatibility Relations / 10.7:
The Diamond Structure: Nonsymmorphic Space Group / 10.8:
Factor Group and the [Gamma] Point / 10.8.1:
Finding Character Tables for all Groups of the Wave Vector / 10.8.2:
Electron and Phonon Dispersion Relation / Part V:
Applications to Lattice Vibrations / 11:
Lattice Modes and Molecular Vibrations / 11.1:
Zone Center Phonon Modes / 11.3:
The NaCl Structure / 11.3.1:
The Perovskite Structure / 11.3.2:
Phonons in the Nonsymmorphic Diamond Lattice / 11.3.3:
Phonons in the Zinc Blende Structure / 11.3.4:
Lattice Modes Away from k = 0 / 11.4:
Phonons in NaCl at the X Point k = ([pi]/a)(100) / 11.4.1:
Phonons in BaTiO[subscript 3] at the X Point / 11.4.2:
Phonons at the K Point in Two-Dimensional Graphite / 11.4.3:
Phonons in Te and [alpha]-Quartz Nonsymmorphic Structures / 11.5:
Phonons in Tellurium / 11.5.1:
Phonons in the [alpha]-Quartz Structure / 11.5.2:
Effect of Axial Stress on Phonons / 11.6:
Electronic Energy Levels in a Cubic Crystals / 12:
Plane Wave Solutions at k = 0 / 12.1:
Symmetrized Plane Solution Waves along the [Delta]-Axis / 12.3:
Plane Wave Solutions at the X Point / 12.4:
Effect of Glide Planes and Screw Axes / 12.5:
Energy Band Models Based on Symmetry / 13:
k [middle dot] p Perturbation Theory / 13.1:
Example of k [middle dot] p Perturbation Theory for a Nondegenerate [characters not reproducible] Band / 13.3:
Two Band Model: Degenerate First-Order Perturbation Theory / 13.4:
Degenerate second-order k [middle dot] p Perturbation Theory / 13.5:
Nondegenerate k [middle dot] p Perturbation Theory at a [Delta] Point / 13.6:
Use of k [middle dot] p Perturbation Theory to Interpret Optical Experiments / 13.7:
Application of Group Theory to Valley-Orbit Interactions in Semiconductors / 13.8:
Background / 13.8.1:
Impurities in Multivalley Semiconductors / 13.8.2:
The Valley-Orbit Interaction / 13.8.3:
Spin-Orbit Interaction in Solids and Double Groups / 14:
Crystal Double Groups / 14.1:
Double Group Properties / 14.3:
Crystal Field Splitting Including Spin-Orbit Coupling / 14.4:
Basis Functions for Double Group Representations / 14.5:
Some Explicit Basis Functions / 14.6:
Basis Functions for Other [Gamma subscript 8 superscript +] States / 14.7:
Comments on Double Group Character Tables / 14.8:
Plane Wave Basis Functions for Double Group Representations / 14.9:
Group of the Wave Vector for Nonsymmorphic Double Groups / 14.10:
Application of Double Groups to Energy Bands with Spin / 15:
E(k) for the Empty Lattice Including Spin-Orbit Interaction / 15.1:
The k [middle dot] p Perturbation with Spin-Orbit Interaction / 15.3:
E(k) for a Nondegenerate Band Including Spin-Orbit Interaction / 15.4:
E(k) for Degenerate Bands Including Spin-Orbit Interaction / 15.5:
Effective g-Factor / 15.6:
Fourier Expansion of Energy Bands: Slater-Koster Method / 15.7:
Contributions at d = 0 / 15.7.1:
Contributions at d = 1 / 15.7.2:
Contributions at d = 2 / 15.7.3:
Summing Contributions through d = 2 / 15.7.4:
Other Degenerate Levels / 15.7.5:
Other Symmetries / Part VI:
Time Reversal Symmetry / 16:
The Time Reversal Operator / 16.1:
Properties of the Time Reversal Operator / 16.2:
The Effect of T on E(k), Neglecting Spin / 16.3:
The Effect of T on E(k), Including the Spin-Orbit Interaction / 16.4:
Magnetic Groups / 16.5:
Types of Elements / 16.5.1:
Types of Magnetic Point Groups / 16.5.3:
Properties of the 58 Magnetic Point Groups {A[subscript i], M[subscript k]} / 16.5.4:
Examples of Magnetic Structures / 16.5.5:
Effect of Symmetry on the Spin Hamiltonian for the 32 Ordinary Point Groups / 16.5.6:
Permutation Groups and Many-Electron States / 17:
Classes and Irreducible Representations of Permutation Groups / 17.1:
Basis Functions of Permutation Groups / 17.3:
Pauli Principle in Atomic Spectra / 17.4:
Two-Electron States / 17.4.1:
Three-Electron States / 17.4.2:
Four-Electron States / 17.4.3:
Five-Electron States / 17.4.4:
General Comments on Many-Electron States / 17.4.5:
Symmetry Properties of Tensors / 18:
Independent Components of Tensors Under Permutation Group Symmetry / 18.1:
Independent Components of Tensors: Point Symmetry Groups / 18.3:
Independent Components of Tensors Under Full Rotational Symmetry / 18.4:
Tensors in Nonlinear Optics / 18.5:
Cubic Symmetry: O[subscript h] / 18.5.1:
Tetrahedral Symmetry: T[subscript d] / 18.5.2:
Hexagonal Symmetry: D[subscript 6h] / 18.5.3:
Elastic Modulus Tensor / 18.6:
Full Rotational Symmetry: 3D Isotropy / 18.6.1:
Icosahedral Symmetry / 18.6.2:
Cubic Symmetry / 18.6.3:
Other Symmetry Groups / 18.6.4:
Point Group Character Tables / A:
Tables for 3D Space Groups / B:
Real Space / C.1:
Tables for Double Groups / C.2:
Group Theory Aspects of Carbon Nanotubes / E:
Nanotube Geometry and the (n, m) Indices / E.1:
Lattice Vectors in Real Space / E.2:
Lattice Vectors in Reciprocal Space / E.3:
Compound Operations and Tube Helicity / E.4:
Character Tables for Carbon Nanotubes / E.5:
Permutation Group Character Tables / F:
References
Index
Basic Mathematics / Part I:
Basic Mathematical Background: Introduction / 1:
Definition of a Group / 1.1:
4.

図書

図書
Peter T. Johnstone
出版情報: Oxford : Clarendon Press , New York : Oxford University Press, c2002  2 v. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名: Oxford logic guides ; 43-44
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Regular and Cartesian Closed Categories / A1:
Toposes - Basic Theory / A2:
Allegories / A3:
Geometric Morphisms - Basic Theory / A4:
Fibrations and Indexed Categories / B1:
Internal and Locally Internal Categories / B2:
Toposes over a base / B3:
BTop/S as a 2-Category / B4:
Regular and Cartesian Closed Categories / A1:
Toposes - Basic Theory / A2:
Allegories / A3:
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