Exercises |
Preface |
Tire Characteristics and Vehicle Handling and Stability / 1: |
Introduction / 1.1: |
Tire and Axle Characteristics / 1.2: |
Introduction to Tire Characteristics / 1.2.1: |
Effective Axle Cornering Characteristics / 1.2.2: |
Vehicle Handling and Stability / 13: |
Differential Equations for Plane Vehicle Motions / 1.3.1: |
Linear Analysis of the Two-Degree-of-Freedom Model / 1.3.2: |
Nonlinear Steady-State Cornering Solutions / 1.3.3: |
The Vehicle at Braking or Driving / 1.3.4: |
The Moment Method / 1.3.5: |
The Car-Trailer Combination / 1.3.6: |
Vehicle Dynamics at More Complex Tire Slip Conditions / 1.3.7: |
Basic Tire Modeling Considerations / 2: |
Definition of Tire Input Quantities / 2.1: |
Assessment of Tire Input Motion Components / 23: |
Fundamental Differential Equations for a Rolling and Slipping Body / 2.4: |
Tire Models (Introductory Discussion) / 2.5: |
Theory of Steady-State Slip Force and Moment Generation / 3: |
Tire Brush Model / 3.1: |
Pure Side Slip / 3.2.1: |
Pure Longitudinal Slip / 3.2.2: |
Interaction between Lateral and Longitudinal Slip (Combined Slip) / 3.2.3: |
Camber and Turning (Spin) / 3.2.4: |
The Tread Simulation Model / 3.3: |
Application: Vehicle Stability at Braking up to Wheel Lock / 3.4: |
Semi-Empirical Tire Models / 4: |
The Similarity Method / 4.1: |
Pure Slip Conditions / 4.2.1: |
Combined Slip Conditions / 4.2.2: |
Combined Slip Conditions with Fx as Input Variable / 4.2.3: |
The Magic Formula Tire Model / 4.3: |
Model Description / 4.3.1: |
Full Set of Equations / 4.3.2: |
Extension of the Model for Turn Slip / 4.3.3: |
Ply-Steer and Conicity / 4.3.4: |
The Overturning Couple / 4.3.5: |
Comparison with Experimental Data for a Car, a Truck, and a Motorcycle Tire / 4.3.6: |
Non-Steady-State Out-of-Plane String-Based Tire Models / 5: |
Review of Earlier Research / 5.1: |
The Stretched String Model / 5.3: |
Model Development / 5.3.1: |
Step and Steady-State Response of the String Model / 5.3.2: |
Frequency Response Functions of the String Model / 5.3.3: |
Approximations and Other Models / 5.4: |
Approximate Models / 5.4.1: |
Other Models / 5.4.2: |
Enhanced String Model with Tread Elements / 5.4.3: |
Tire Inertia Effects / 5.5: |
First Approximation of Dynamic Influence (Gyroscopic Couple) / 5.5.1: |
Second Approximation of Dynamic Influence (First Harmonic) / 5.5.2: |
Side Force Response to Time-Varying Load / 5.6: |
String Model with Tread Elements Subjected to Load Variations / 5.6.1: |
Adapted Bare String Model / 5.6.2: |
The Force and Moment Response / 5.6.3: |
Theory of the Wheel Shimmy Phenomenon Introduction / 6: |
The Simple Trailing Wheel System with Yaw Degree of Freedom / 6.1: |
Systems with Yaw and Lateral Degrees of Freedom / 6.3: |
Yaw and Lateral Degrees of Freedom with Rigid Wheel/Tire (Third Order) / 6.3.1: |
The Fifth-Order System / 6.3.2: |
Shimmy and Energy Flow / 6.4: |
Unstable Modes and the Energy Circle / 6.4.1: |
Transformation of Forward Motion Energy into Shimmy Energy / 6.4.2: |
Nonlinear Shimmy Oscillations / 6.5: |
Single-Contact-Point Transient Tire Models / 7: |
Linear Model / 7.1: |
Semi-Non-Linear Model / 7.2.2: |
Fully Nonlinear Model / 7.2.3: |
Nonlagging Part / 7.2.4: |
The Gyroscopic Couple / 7.2.5: |
Enhanced Nonlinear Transient Tire Model / 7.3: |
Applications of Transient Tire Models / 8: |
Vehicle Response to Steer Angle Variations / 8.1: |
Cornering on Undulated Roads / 8.2: |
Longitudinal Force Response to Tire Nonuniformity, Axle Motions, and Road Unevenness / 8.3: |
Effective Rolling Radius Variations at Free Rolling / 8.3.1: |
Computation of the Horizontal Longitudinal Force Response / 8.3.2: |
Frequency Response to Vertical Axle Motions / 8.3.3: |
Frequency Response to Radial Run-out / 8.3.4: |
Forced Steering Vibrations / 8.4: |
Dynamics of the Unloaded System Excited by Wheel Unbalance / 8.4.1: |
Dynamics of the Loaded System with Tire Properties Included / 8.4.2: |
ABS Braking on Undulated Road / 8.5: |
In-Plane Model of Suspension and Wheel/Tire Assembly / 8.5.1: |
Antilock Braking Algorithm and Simulation / 8.5.2: |
Starting from Standstill / 8.6: |
Short Wavelength Intermediate Frequency Tire Model / 9: |
The Contact Patch Slip Model / 9.1: |
Brush Model Non-Steady-State Behavior / 9.2.1: |
The Model Adapted to the Use of the Magic Formula / 9.2.2: |
Parking Maneuvers / 9.2.3: |
Tire Dynamics / 9.3: |
Dynamic Equations / 9.3.1: |
Constitutive Relations / 9.3.2: |
Dynamic Tire Model Performance / 9.4: |
Dedicated Dynamic Test Facilities / 9.4.1: |
Dynamic Tire Simulation and Experimental Results / 9.4.2: |
Dynamic Tire Response to Short Road Unevennesses / 10: |
Tire Envelopment Properties / 10.1: |
The Effective Road Plane Using Basic Functions / 10.1.2: |
The Effective Road Plane Using the 'Cam' Road Feeler Concept / 10.1.3: |
The Effective Rolling Radius When Rolling Over a Cleat / 10.1.4: |
The Location of the Effective Road Plane / 10.1.5: |
SWIFT on Road Unevennesses (Simulation and Experiment) / 10.2: |
Two-Dimensional Unevennesses / 10.2.1: |
Three-Dimensional Unevennesses / 10.2.2: |
Motorcycle Dynamics / 11: |
Geometry and Inertia / 11.1: |
The Steer, Camber, and Slip Angles / 11.2.2: |
Air Drag, Driving or Braking, and Fore-and-Aft Load Transfer / 11.2.3: |
Tire Force and Moment Response / 11.2.4: |
Linear Equations of Motion / 11.3: |
The Kinetic Energy / 11.3.1: |
The Potential Energy and the Dissipation Function / 11.3.2: |
The Virtual Work / 11.3.3: |
Complete Set of Linear Differential Equations / 11.3.4: |
Stability Analysis and Step Responses / 11.4: |
Free Uncontrolled Motion / 11.4.1: |
Step Responses of Controlled Motion / 11.4.2: |
Analysis of Steady-State Cornering / 11.5: |
Linear Steady-State Theory / 11.5.1: |
Non-Linear Analysis of Steady-State Cornering / 11.5.2: |
Modes of Vibration at Large Lateral Accelerations / 11.5.3: |
Tire Steady-State and Dynamic Test Facilities / 11.6: |
Outlines of Three Advanced Dynamic Tire Models |
The RMOD-K Tire Model (Christian Oertel) / 13.1: |
The Nonlinear FEM Model / 13.1.1: |
The Flexible Belt Model / 13.1.2: |
Comparison of Various RMOD-K Models / 13.1.3: |
The FTire Tire Model (Michael Gipser) / 13.2: |
Structure Model / 13.2.1: |
Tread Model / 13.2.3: |
Model Data and Parametrization / 13.2.4: |
The MF-Swift Tire Model (Igo Besselink) / 13.3: |
Model Overview / 13.3.1: |
MF-Tire/MF-Swift / 13.3.3: |
Parameter Identification / 13.3.4: |
Test and Model Comparison / 13.3.5: |
References |
List of Symbols |
Sign Conventions for Force and Moment and Wheel Slip / Appendix 1: |
Online Information / Appendix 2: |
MF-Tire/MF-Swift Parameters and Estimation Methods / Appendix 3: |
Index |
Exercises |
Preface |
Tire Characteristics and Vehicle Handling and Stability / 1: |