Foreword |
Preface |
Preface of the First Edition |
Introduction / Part I: |
Objective / 1.1: |
Importance of Geophysical Fluid Dynamics / 1.2: |
Scales of Motions / 1.3vDistinguishing Attributes of Geophysical Flows: |
Importance of Rotation / 1.5: |
Importance of Stratification / 1.6: |
Distinction between the Atmosphere and Oceans / 1.7: |
Data Acquisition / 1.8: |
The Emergence of Numerical Simulations / 1.9: |
Scales Analysis and Finite Differences / 1.10: |
Higher-Order Methods / 1.11: |
Aliasing / 1.12: |
Analytical Problems |
Numerica Exercises |
The Coriolis Force / 2: |
Rotating Framework of Reference / 2.1: |
Unimportance of the Centrifugal Force / 2.2: |
Free Motion on a Rotating Plane / 2.3: |
Analogy and Physical Interpretation / 2.4: |
Acceleration on a Three-Dimensional Rotating Planet / 2.5: |
Numerical Approach to Oscillatory Motions / 2.6: |
Numerical Convergence and Stability / 2.7: |
Predictor-Corrector Methods / 2.8: |
Higher-Order Schemes / 2.9: |
Numerical Exercises |
Equations of Fluid Motion / 3: |
Mass Budget / 3.1: |
Momentum Budget78 / 3.2: |
Equation of State / 3.3: |
Energy Budget / 3.4: |
Salt and Moisture Budgets / 3.5: |
Summary of Governing Equations / 3.6: |
Boussinesq Approximation / 3.7: |
Flux Formulation and Conservative Form / 3.8: |
Finite-Volume Discretization / 3.9: |
Equations Governing Geophysical Flows / 4: |
Reynolds-Averaged Equations / 4.1: |
Eddy Coefficients / 4.2: |
Scales of Motion / 4.3: |
Recapitulation of Equations Governing Geophysical Flows / 4.4: |
important Dimensionless Numbers / 4.5: |
Boundary Conditions / 4.6: |
Numerical Implementation of Boundary Conditions / 4.7: |
Accuracy and Errors / 4.8: |
Diffusive Processes / 5: |
Sotropic, Homogeneous Turbulence / 5.1: |
Turbulent Diffusion / 5.2: |
One-Dimensional Numerical Scheme / 5.3: |
Numerical Stability Analysis / 5.4: |
Other One-.Dimensional Schemes / 5.5: |
Multi-Dimensional Numerical Schemes / 5.6: |
Transport and Fate / Analytical Problems: |
Combination of Advection and Diffusion / 6.1: |
Relative Importance of Advection: The Peclet Number / 6.2: |
Highly Advective Situations / 6.3: |
Centered and Upwind Advection Schemes / 6.4: |
Advection-Diffusion with Sources and Sinks / 6.5: |
Multidimensional Approach / 6.6: |
Rotation Effects / Part II: |
Geostrophic Flows and Vorticity Dynamics / 7: |
Homogeneous Geostrophic Flows / 7.1: |
Homogeneous Geostrophic Flows over an Irregular Bottom / 7.2: |
Generalization to Nongeostrophic Flows / 7.3: |
Vorticity Dynamics / 7.4: |
Rigid-Lid Approximation / 7.5: |
Numerical Solution of the Rigid-Lid Pressure Equation / 7.6: |
Numerical Solution of the Streamfunction Equation / 7.7: |
Laplacian Inversion / 7.8: |
The Ekman Layer / 8: |
Shear Turbulence / 8.1: |
Friction and Rotation / 8.2: |
The Bottom Ekman Layer / 8.3: |
Generalization to Nonuniform Currents / 8.4: |
The Ekman Layer over Uneven Terrain / 8.5: |
The Surface Ekman Layer / 8.6: |
The Ekman Layer in Real Geophysical Flows / 8.7: |
Numerical Simulation of Shallow Flows / 8.8: |
Barotropic Waves / 9: |
Linear Wave Dynamics / 9.1: |
The Kelvin Wave / 9.2: |
Inertia-Gravity Waves (Poincaré Waves) / 9.3: |
Planetary Waves (Rossby Waves) / 9.4: |
Topographic Waves / 9.5: |
Analogy between Planetary and Topographic Waves / 9.6: |
Arakawa's Grids / 9.7: |
Numerical Simulation of Tides and Storm Surges / 9.8: |
Barotropic Instability / 10: |
What Makes a Wave Grow Unstable? / 10.1: |
Waves on a Shear Flow / 10.2: |
Bounds on Wave Speeds and Growth Rates / 10.3: |
A Simple Example / 10.4: |
Nonlinearities / 10.5: |
Filtering / 10.6: |
Contour Dynamics / 10.7: |
Stratification Effects / Part III: |
Stratification / 11: |
Static Stability / 11.1: |
A Note on Atmospheric Stratification / 11.3: |
Convective Adjustment / 11.4: |
The Importance of Stratification; The Froude Number / 11.5: |
Combination of Rotation and Stratification / 11.6: |
Layered Models / 12: |
From Depth to Density / 12.1: |
Potential Vorticity / 12.2: |
Two-Layer Models / 12.4: |
Wind-Induced Seiches in Lakes / 12.5: |
Energy Conservation |
Numerical Layered Models / 12.7: |
Lagrangian Approach / 12.8: |
Interna! Waves / 13: |
From Surface to Internal Waves / 13.1: |
Internal-Wave Theory / 13.2: |
Structure of an Internal Wave / 13.3: |
Vertical Modes and Eigenvalue Problems / 13.4: |
Lee Waves! / 13.5: |
Nonlinear Effects / 13.6: |
Numerical Exercise |
Turbulence in Stratified Fluids / 14: |
Mixing of Stratified Fluids / 14.1: |
Instability of a Stratified Shear Flow: The Richardson Number / 14.2: |
TurbulencelClosure: k-Models / 14.3: |
Mixed-Layer Modeling / 14.4: |
Patankar-Type Discretizations / 14.6: |
Wind Mixing and Penetrative Convection / 14.7: |
Combined Rotation and Stratification Effects / Part IV: |
Dynamics of Stratified Rotating Flows / 15: |
Thermal Wind / 15.1: |
Geostrophic Adjustment / 15.2: |
Energetics of Geostrophic Adjustment / 15.3: |
Coastal Upwelling / 15.4: |
Atmospheric Frontogenesis / 15.5: |
Numerical Handling of Large Gradients / 15.6: |
Nonlinear Advection Schemes / 15.7: |
Quasi-Geostrophic Dynamics / 16: |
Simplifying Assumption / 16.1: |
Governing Equation / 16.2: |
Length and Timescale / 16.3: |
Energetics / 16.4: |
Planetary Waves in a Stratified Fluid / 16.5: |
Some Nonlinear Effects / 16.6: |
Quasi-Geostrophic Ocean Modeling / 16.7: |
Instabilities of Rotating Stratified Flows / 17: |
Two Types of Instability / 17.1: |
Inertial instability / 17.2: |
Baroclinic Instability-The Mechanism / 17.3: |
Linear Theory of Baroclinic Instability / 17.4: |
Heat Transport / 17.5: |
Bulk Criteria / 17.6: |
Finite-Amplitude Development / 17.7: |
Fronts, jets and Vortices / 18: |
Fronts and Jets / 18.1: |
Vortices / 18.2: |
Geostrophic Turbulence / 18.3: |
Simulations of Geostrophic Turbulence Analytical Problems Numerical Exercises / 18.4: |
Special Topics / Part V: |
Atmospheric General Circulation / 19: |
Climate Versus Weather / 19.1: |
Planetary Heat Budget / 19.2: |
Direct and Indirect Convective Cells / 19.3: |
Atmospheric Circulation Models / 19.4: |
Brief Remarks on Weather Forecasting / 19.5: |
Cloud Parameterizations / 19.6: |
Spectral Methods / 19.7: |
Semi-Lagrangian Methods / 19.8: |
Analitical Problems |
Numerical Exertises |
Oceanic General Circulation / 20: |
What Drives the Oceanic Circulation / 20.1: |
Large-Scale Ocean Dynamics (Sverdrup Dynamics) / 20.2: |
Western Boundary Currents / 20.3: |
Thermohaiine Circulation / 20.4: |
Abyssal Circulation / 20.5: |
Oceanic Circulation Models / 20.6: |
Equatorial Dynamics / 21: |
Equatorial Beta Plane / 21.1: |
Linear Wave Theory / 21.2: |
El Nino - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) / 21.3: |
ENSO Forecasting / 21.4: |
Data Assimilation / 22: |
Need for Data Assimilation / 22.1: |
Nudging / 22.2: |
Optimallilnterpolation / 22.3: |
Kalman Filtering / 22.4: |
Inverse Methods / 22.5: |
Operational Models |
Web site Information / Part VI: |
Elements of Fluid Mechanics / Appendix A: |
Budgets / A.1: |
Equations in Cylindrical Coordinates / A.2: |
Equations in Spherical Coordinates / A.3: |
Vorticity and Rotation / A.4: |
Wave Kinematics / Appendix B: |
Wavenumber and Wavelength / B.1: |
Frequency, Phase Speed, and Dispersion / B.2: |
Group Velocity and Energy Propagation / B.3: |
Recapitulation of Numerical Schemes / Appendix C: |
The Tridiagonal System Solver / C.1: |
1D Finite-Difference Schemes of Various Orders / C.2: |
Time-Stepping Algorithms / C.3: |
Partial-Derivatives Finite Differences / C.4: |
Discrete Fourier Transform and Fast Fourier Transform / C.5: |
References |
Index |
Foreword |
Preface |
Preface of the First Edition |