| Contributors |
| Foreword |
| Preface |
| The Physical Description of Signals / William Morris Hartmann1： |
| Introduction / I.： |
| Simple Harmonic Motion / II.： |
| RMS Value / A.： |
| Other Oscillators / B.： |
| Propagation of Sound / III.： |
| Energy, Power, and Intensity |
| Radiation |
| Plane Waves / C.： |
| Measurement of Acoustical Strength / IV.： |
| Levels and Pressure |
| Absolute dB |
| The Spectrum / V.： |
| The Fourier Transform / VI.： |
| Real and Complex Functions |
| Transforms of Sine and Cosine |
| The Delta Function |
| Amplitude and Phase Spectra / D.： |
| The Power Spectra of the Pure Tone and the Spike / E.： |
| The Lattice Function / F.： |
| The Convolution Theorem / G.： |
| Complex Periodic Signals / H.： |
| The Fourier Series |
| Temporal--Spectral Trading / J.： |
| Amplitude Modulation / VII.： |
| Balanced Modulation |
| Frequency Modulation / VIII.： |
| Narrowband FM |
| Wideband FM |
| Filters / IX.： |
| Frequency Domain |
| The Impulse Response |
| The One-Pole Low-Pass Filter |
| The Two-Pole Low-Pass Filter |
| Reference |
| Cochlear Structure and Function / Graeme K. Yates2： |
| Function and Structure of the Cochlea |
| Transduction of Acoustic Stimuli |
| Hair Cells and Mechanical-to-Electrical Transduction |
| Acoustic Preprocessing |
| Structure of the Cochlea |
| Active Processes within the Cochlea |
| Macromechanics |
| Experimental Observations |
| The Traveling Wave |
| Micromechanics |
| OHC Mechanical Activity |
| Coupling Energy to the BM |
| Localization of the Cochlear Amplifier along the BM |
| Cochlear Nonlinearity |
| Sources of Nonlinearity |
| Input--Output Functions |
| Distortion in the Cochlea |
| Otoacoustic Emissions |
| Two-Tone Suppression |
| Summary |
| References |
| Neural Signal Processing / Alan R. Palmer3： |
| Sound Frequency |
| Frequency Selectivity |
| Population Responses to Single Tones |
| Cochleotopic Organization |
| Frequency-Intensity Response Areas |
| Time Course of Activation by Single Tones |
| Two-Tone Rate and Synchrony Suppression |
| Sound Level |
| Rate versus Level Functions to CF Tones |
| The Dynamic Range Problem |
| Wider Dynamic Range of the Onset Response |
| Rate versus Level Functions in the Central Auditory System |
| Effect of Background Noise on Rate-Level Functions |
| Modulation |
| Speech and Vocalization |
| Representation of Speech Signals in the Auditory Nerve |
| Representation of Speech Signals in the Central Nervous System |
| Cues for Localization |
| Interaural Level Differences |
| Interaural Phase Differences |
| Onset and Ongoing Time Differences |
| Pinna Spectral Effects |
| Topographical Distribution of Interaural Sensitivities and Spatial Hearing |
| Summary and Concluding Remarks |
| Loudness Perception and Intensity Coding / Christopher J. Plack ; Robert P. Carlyon4： |
| The Perception of Loudness |
| Definition of Loudness |
| Loudness Matching |
| Loudness Scales |
| Models of Loudness |
| Other Factors That Affect Loudness |
| Parametric Studies of Intensity Discrimination |
| Measurement Techniques |
| Weber's Law and the Near Miss |
| Frequency Effects |
| Duration Effects |
| Models of Peripheral Intensity Coding |
| Coding by Spread of Excitation |
| Coding by Neural Synchrony |
| Models Based on Rate-Intensity Functions |
| Intensity Discrimination under Nonsimultaneous Masking |
| What Limits Intensity Discrimination? |
| Peripheral and Central Limitations |
| Memory for Intensity |
| Intensity Discrimination and Loudness |
| The Relationship between Intensity Discrimination and Loudness |
| Intensity Discrimination in Impaired Ears |
| Detection of Tones in Noise |
| The Overshoot Effect |
| Intensity-Independent Cues |
| Frequency Analysis and Masking / Brian C. J. Moore5： |
| The Power Spectrum Model and the Concept of the Critical Band |
| Estimating the Shape of the Auditory Filter |
| Psychophysical Tuning Curves |
| The Notched-Noise Method |
| The Rippled-Noise Method |
| Allowing for the Transfer Function of the Outer and Middle Ear |
| An Example of Measurement of the Auditory Filter Shape |
| Summary of the Characteristics of the Auditory Filter |
| Variation with Center Frequency |
| Variation with Level |
| Masking Patterns and Excitation Patterns |
| Relationship of the Auditory Filter to the Excitation Pattern |
| Changes in Excitation Patterns with Level |
| The Additivity of Masking and Excess Masking |
| Phenomena Reflecting the Influence of Auditory Filtering |
| The Threshold of Complex Sounds |
| Sensitivity to the Relative Phase |
| The Audibility of Partials in Complex Tones |
| Nonsimultaneous Masking |
| Evidence for Lateral Suppression from Nonsimultaneous Masking |
| The Enhancement of Frequency Selectivity Revealed in Nonsimultaneous Masking / X.： |
| Temporal Integration and Temporal Resolution / David A. Eddins ; David M. GreenXI.： |
| Temporal Integration |
| Classical Theory |
| Time-Intensity Trades |
| The Presence of Noise |
| Recent Theories |
| Temporal Acuity |
| Temporal Order |
| Phase Detection |
| Temporal Gap Detection |
| Amplitude-Modulation Detection |
| Temporal Asynchrony |
| Conclusions |
| Appendix |
| Across-Channel Processes in Masking / Joseph W. Hall III ; John H. Grose ; Lee Mendoza7： |
| Profile Analysis |
| Modulation Detection or Discrimination Interference |
| Across-Channel Effects Based upon Comodulation |
| Comodulation Masking Release |
| CMR and Stimulus Complexity |
| Monaural Envelope Correlation Perception and CMR |
| The Role of Energy in Masker Dips |
| Comodulation Detection Differences |
| Comodulation and the Perception of Speech |
| Concluding Remarks |
| Pitch Perception / Adrianus J. M. Houtsma8： |
| Pure Tones |
| The Mel Scale |
| Dependence on Intensity |
| Influence of Partial Masking |
| Binaural Diplacusis |
| Frequency Discrimination |
| Complex Tones |
| Historical Background |
| Template Theories of Pitch |
| The Role of Unresolved Harmonics |
| Hybrid Models |
| Pitch of Simultaneous Complex Tones |
| Pitch Ambiguity |
| Nontonal Pitch |
| Repetition Pitch |
| Huggins Pitch and Edge Pitch |
| Pitch of Amplitude-Modulated Noise |
| Pitch Scales: Relative and Absolute |
| Relative Pitch |
| Pitch Contours in Speech |
| Absolute Pitch |
| Multidimensional Aspects of Pitch |
| Spatial Hearing and Related Phenomena / D. Wesley Grantham9： |
| Binaural Processing / II： |
| Lateralization |
| Binaural Detection |
| Temporal Effects in Binaural Processing |
| Localization and Spatial Resolution in the Free Field |
| Localization and Spatial Resolution in the Horizontal Plane |
| Localization and Resolution in the Vertical Plane |
| Auditory Distance Perception |
| Detection and Discrimination of the Motion of Auditory Targets |
| The Precedence Effect |
| Background |
| The Localization Aspect: Localization of Sounds in Rooms |
| Buildup of Echo Suppression |
| Cortical Basis for the Precedence Effect |
| Models of Binaural Interaction / Richard M. Stern ; Constantine Trahiotis10： |
| Introduction: Cross-Correlation Models of Binaural Perception |
| Structure of Binaural Cross-Correlation-Based Models |
| The Original Forms of the Cross-Correlation Model |
| Colburn's Auditory-Nerve-Based Model |
| Physiological Support for Cross-Correlation in the Binaural System |
| Temporal Integration of the Coincidence Display |
| Extensions of the Cross-Correlation Approach |
| Extensions by Stern, Colburn, and Trahiotis |
| Extensions by Blauert, Cobben, Lindemann, and Gaik |
| Mechanisms for Time-Intensity Interaction and Image Formation |
| Ability of Cross-Correlation Models to Describe Psychoacoustical Data |
| Subjective Lateral Position |
| Interaural Discrimination Phenomena Related to Subjective Lateral Position |
| Binaural Masking-Level Differences |
| Dichotic Pitch Phenomena |
| Temporal Effects |
| Summary and Conclusions |
| Auditory Grouping / C. J. Darwin ; R. P. Carlyon11： |
| Peripheral Considerations |
| Mechanisms of Auditory Grouping |
| Harmonicity |
| Detecting Inharmonicity and "Hearing Out" Mistuned Components |
| Integration into Pitch Percepts |
| Identification of Speech Sounds |
| Onset and Offset Asynchrony |
| Detecting and Discriminating Onset and Offset Asynchronies |
| Order Discrimination |
| Timbre Judgments |
| Identifying Speech Sounds |
| Amplitude-Modulation Phase Differences |
| Detection of AM Phase Differences |
| Grouping by AM Phase Differences |
| AM Phase and Onset Asynchrony |
| Detection of Across-Frequency Differences in FM Phase |
| Hearing Out a Single Tone |
| The Nature of Auditory Grouping |
| Grouping Is Not All or None |
| Understanding Speech in the Absence of Primitive Grouping Cues |
| Timbre Perception and Auditory Object Identification / Stephen Handel12： |
| Sound Production |
| Source-Filter Model |
| Acoustic Structure |
| Perceptual Consequences |
| Experimental Results On Timbre and Object Perception |
| Instruments |
| Voices |
| Natural Events |
| Neuropsychological Evidence |
| Concluding Discussion |
| Index |
図書
