Prologue |
Preface |
Chemical Thermodynamics and Flame Temperatures / Chapter 1: |
Introduction / A: |
Heats of reaction and formation / B: |
Free energy and the equilibrium constants / C: |
Flame temperature calculations / D: |
Analysis / 1: |
Practical considerations / 2: |
Sub- and super sonic combustion thermodynamics / E: |
Comparisons |
Stagnation pressure considerations |
Problems |
Chemical Kinetics / Chapter 2: |
Rates of reactions and their temperature dependence |
The Arrhenius rate expression |
Transition state and recombination rate theories |
Simultaneous interdependent reactions |
Chain reactions |
Pseudo-first-order reactions and the "fall-off" range |
The partial equilibrium assumption / F: |
Pressure effect in fractional conversion / G: |
Chemical kinetics of large reaction mechanisms / H: |
Sensitivity analysis |
Rate of production analysis |
Coupled thermal and chemical reacting systems / 3: |
Mechanism simplification / 4: |
Explosive and General Oxidative Characteristics of Fuels / Chapter 3: |
Chain branching reactions and criteria for explosion |
Explosion limits and oxidation characteristics of hydrogen |
Explosion limits and oxidation characteristics of carbon monoxide |
Explosion limits and oxidation characteristics of hydrocarbons |
Organic nomenclature |
Explosion limits |
"Low-temperature" hydrocarbon oxidation mechanisms |
The oxidation of aldehydes |
The oxidation of methane |
Low-temperature mechanism |
High-temperature mechanism |
The oxidation of higher-order hydrocarbons |
Aliphatic hydrocarbons |
Alcohols |
Aromatic hydrocarbons |
Supercritical effects |
Flame Phenomena in Premixed Combustible Gases / Chapter 4: |
Laminar flame structure |
The laminar flame speed |
The theory of Mallard and Le Chatelier |
The theory of Zeldovich, Frank-Kamenetskii, and Semenov |
Comprehensive theory and laminar flame structure analysis |
The laminar flame and the energy equation |
Flame speed measurements / 5: |
Experimental results: physical and chemical effects / 6: |
Stability limits of laminar flames |
Flammability limits |
Quenching distance |
Flame stabilization (low velocity) |
Stability limits and design |
Flame propagation through stratified combustible mixtures |
Turbulent reacting flows and turbulent flames |
The rate of reaction in a turbulent field |
Regimes of turbulent reacting flows |
The turbulent flame speed |
Stirred reactor theory |
Flame stabilization in high-velocity streams |
Combustion in small volumes / I: |
Detonation / Chapter 5: |
Premixed and diffusion flames |
Explosion, deflagration, and detonation |
The onset of detonation |
Detonation phenomena |
Hugoniot relations and the hydrodynamic theory of detonations |
Characterization of the Hugoniot curve and the uniqueness of the C-J point |
Determination of the speed of sound in the burned gases for conditions above the C-J point |
Calculation of the detonation velocity |
Comparison of detonation velocity calculations with experimental results |
The ZND structure of detonation waves |
The structure of the cellular detonation front and other detonation phenomena parameters |
The cellular detonation front |
The dynamic detonation parameters |
Detonation limits |
Detonations in nongaseous media |
Diffusion Flames / Chapter 6: |
Gaseous fuel jets |
Appearance |
Structure |
Theoretical considerations |
The Burke-Schumann development |
Turbulent fuel jets |
Burning of condensed phases |
General mass burning considerations and the evaporation coefficient |
Single fuel droplets in quiescent atmospheres |
Burning of droplet clouds |
Burning in convective atmospheres |
The stagnant film case |
The longitudinally burning surface |
The flowing droplet case |
Burning rates of plastics: The small B assumption and radiation effects |
Ignition / Chapter 7: |
Concepts |
Chain spontaneous ignition |
Thermal spontaneous ignition |
Semenov approach of thermal ignition |
Frank-Kamenetskii theory of thermal ignition |
Forced ignition |
Spark ignition and minimum ignition energy |
Ignition by adiabatic compression and shock waves |
Other ignition concepts |
Hypergolicity and pyrophoricity |
Catalytic ignition |
Environmental Combustion Considerations / Chapter 8: |
The nature of photochemical smog |
Primary and secondary pollutants |
The effect of NO[subscript x] |
The effect of SO[subscript x] |
Formation and reduction of nitrogen oxides |
The structure of the nitrogen oxides |
The effect of flame structure |
Reaction mechanisms of oxides of nitrogen |
The reduction of NO[subscript x] |
SO[subscript x] emissions |
The product composition and structure of sulfur compounds |
Oxidative mechanisms of sulfur fuels |
Particulate formation |
Characteristics of soot |
Soot formation processes |
Experimental systems and soot formation |
Sooting tendencies |
Detailed structure of sooting flames |
Chemical mechanisms of soot formation |
The influence of physical and chemical parameters on soot formation / 7: |
Stratospheric ozone |
The HO[subscript x] catalytic cycle |
The NO[subscript x] catalytic cycle |
The ClO[subscript x] catalytic cycle |
Combustion of Nonvolatile Fuels / Chapter 9: |
Carbon char, soot, and metal combustion |
Metal combustion thermodynamics |
The criterion for vapor-phase combustion |
Thermodynamics of metal-oxygen systems |
Thermodynamics of metal-air systems |
Combustion synthesis |
Diffusional kinetics |
Diffusion-controlled burning rate |
Burning of metals in nearly pure oxygen |
Burning of small particles - diffusion versus kinetic limits |
The burning of boron particles |
Carbon particle combustion (C. R. Shaddix) |
Practical carbonaceous fuels (C. R. Shaddix) |
Devolatilization |
Char combustion |
Pulverized coal char oxidation |
Gasification and oxy-combustion |
Soot oxidation (C. R. Shaddix) |
Appendixes |
Thermochemical Data and Conversion Factors / Appendix A: |
Conversion factors and physical constants / Table A1: |
Thermochemical data for selected chemical compounds / Table A2: |
Thermochemical data for species included in reaction list of Appendix C / Table A3: |
Adiabatic Flame Temperatures of Hydrocarbons / Appendix B: |
Adiabatic flame temperatures / Table B1: |
Specific Reaction Rate Constants / Appendix C: |
H[subscript 2]/O[subscript 2] mechanism / Table C1: |
CO/H[subscript 2]/O[subscript 2] mechanism / Table C2: |
CH[subscript 2]O/CO/H[subscript 2]/O[subscript 2] mechanism / Table C3: |
CH[subscript 3]OH/CH[subscript 2]O/CO/H[subscript 2]/O[subscript 2] mechanism / Table C4: |
CH[subscript 4]/CH[subscript 3]OH/CH[subscript 2]O/CO/H[subscript 2]/O[subscript 2] mechanism / Table C5: |
C[subscript 2]H[subscript 6]/CH[subscript 4]/CH[subscript 3]OH/CH[subscript 2]O/CO/H[subscript 2]/O[subscript 2] mechanism / Table C6: |
Selected reactions of a C[subscript 3]H[subscript 8] oxidation mechanism / Table C7: |
N[subscript x]O[subscript y]/CO/H[subscript 2]/O[subscript 2] mechanism / Table C8: |
HCl/N[subscript x]O[subscript y]/CO/H[subscript 2]/O[subscript 2] mechanism / Table C9: |
O[subscript 3]/N[subscript x]O[subscript y]/CO/H[subscript 2]/O[subscript 2] mechanism / Table C10: |
SO[subscript x]/N[subscript x]O[subscript y]/CO/H[subscript 2]/O[subscript 2] mechanism / Table C11: |
Bond Dissociation Energies of Hydrocarbons / Appendix D: |
Bond dissociation energies of alkanes / Table D1: |
Bond dissociation energies of alkenes, alkynes, and aromatics / Table D2: |
Bond dissociation energies of C/H/O compounds / Table D3: |
Bond dissociation energies of sulfur-containing compounds / Table D4: |
Bond dissociation energies of nitrogen-containing compounds / Table D5: |
Bond dissociation energies of halocarbons / Table D6: |
Flammability Limits in Air / Appendix E: |
Flammability limits of fuel gases and vapors in air at 25[degree]C and 1 atm / Table E1: |
Laminar Flame Speeds / Appendix F: |
Burning velocities of various fuels at 25[degree]C air-fuel temperature (0.31 mol% H[subscript 2]O in air). Burning velocity S as a function of equivalence ratio [phi] in cm/s / Table F1: |
Burning velocities of various fuels at 100[degree]C air-fuel temperature (0.31 mol% H[subscript 2]O in air). Burning velocity S as a function of equivalence ratio [phi] in cm/s / Table F2: |
Burning velocities of various fuels in air as a function of pressure for an equivalence ratio of 1 in cm/s / Table F3: |
Spontaneous Ignition Temperature Data / Appendix G: |
Spontaneous ignition temperature data / Table G1: |
Minimum Spark Ignition Energies and Quenching Distances / Appendix H: |
Minimum spark ignition energy data for fuels in air at 1 atm pressure / Table H1: |
Programs for Combustion Kinetics / Appendix I: |
Thermochemical parameters |
Kinetic parameters |
Transport parameters |
Reaction mechanisms |
Thermodynamic equilibrium |
Temporal kinetics (Static and flow reactors) |
Stirred reactors |
Shock tubes |
Premixed flames |
Diffusion flames / J: |
Boundary layer flow / K: |
Detonations / L: |
Model analysis and mechanism reduction / M: |
Author Index |
Subject Index |
Prologue |
Preface |
Chemical Thermodynamics and Flame Temperatures / Chapter 1: |