| Preface |
| About the Authors |
| Study Aids |
| Microbial activity / Section I： |
| The world of microbes / Chapter 1： |
| Introduction |
| What is a microbe? |
| Having a long past |
| Being small |
| Being many |
| Growing and persisting |
| Colonizing every niche and making Earth inhabitable |
| Shaping the planet |
| Making a living |
| Cooperating for complex endeavors |
| Conclusions |
| Study questions |
| Structure and function / Section II： |
| Prokaryotic cell structure and function: envelopes and appendages / Chapter 2： |
| Prokaryotic cells |
| Microscopes |
| Prokaryotes have complex envelopes and appendages |
| The cell membrane |
| How the cell membrane is protected |
| Capsules, flagella, and pili: how prokaryotes cope in certain environments |
| Prokaryotic cell structure and function: the cell interior / Chapter 3： |
| General observations |
| The nucleoid |
| The cytoplasm |
| Inclusions and vesicles |
| Growth / Section III： |
| Growth of microbial populations / Chapter 4： |
| How to measure growth of a bacterial culture |
| When should the growth rate be determined? |
| The law of growth |
| Balanced growth |
| Continuous culture |
| How is the physiology of the cells affected by the growth rate? |
| Effects of temperature, hydrostatic pressure, osmotic strength, and pH |
| Making a cell / Chapter 5： |
| Growth metabolism: making life from nonlife |
| Framework of growth metabolism |
| Global effects of growth metabolism |
| Summary and plan |
| Fueling / Chapter 6： |
| Overview of fueling reactions |
| Getting energy and reducing power |
| Making precursor metabolites: heterotrophy |
| Making precursor metabolites: autotrophy |
| Summary |
| Biosynthesis / Chapter 7： |
| Some general observations |
| Assimilation of nitrogen |
| Assimilation of sulfur |
| Assimilation of phosphorus |
| Pathways to building blocks |
| Building macromolecules / Chapter 8： |
| DNA |
| RNA |
| Protein |
| Envelope formation |
| Concluding remarks |
| The cell division cycle / Chapter 9： |
| Strategies for studying the bacterial cell cycle |
| DNA replication during the cell cycle |
| How is DNA replication regulated? |
| Cell division |
| The connection between cell division and DNA replication |
| Cell division and plasmid replication |
| The prokaryotic equivalent of mitosis |
| Inheritance / Section IV： |
| Genetics / Chapter 10： |
| Exchange of DNA among prokaryotes |
| Mutation and sources of genetic variation among prokaryotes |
| Genomics |
| Evolution / Chapter 11： |
| Overview |
| Sequence of bases in macromolecules |
| The universal ancestor |
| Origin of life |
| Mechanisms of bacterial evolution |
| Early eukaryotes and endosymbiosis |
| Evolution of molecules |
| Physiology / Section V： |
| Coordination and regulation / Chapter 12： |
| Evidence for coordination of metabolic reactions |
| Two modes of regulation |
| Modulation of protein activity |
| Modulation of protein amounts |
| Cooperative interaction of regulatory devices |
| Summary and conclusions: networks for coordination and response |
| Succeeding in the environment / Chapter 13： |
| Microbes in their habitat |
| Coping with stress as individual cells |
| Coping with stress by community effort |
| Differentiation and development / Chapter 14： |
| Endospores |
| Development of Caulobacter crescentus |
| Development of myxobacteria |
| Other bacteria that undergo differentiation and development |
| Diversity / Section VI： |
| Prokaryotic microbes / Chapter 15： |
| Making order of prokaryotic diversity |
| Prokaryotic species |
| Extent of prokaryotic diversity |
| Higher taxa of prokaryotes |
| Archaea |
| Bacteria |
| Eukaryotic microbes / Chapter 16： |
| Fungi |
| Protists |
| Viruses, viroids, and prions / Chapter 17： |
| Size and shape |
| Ecology and classification |
| Viral replication |
| Lysogeny and integration into the host genome |
| Viroids and prions |
| Interactions / Section VII： |
| Ecology / Chapter 18： |
| Methods of microbial ecology |
| Biogeochemical cycles |
| Solid substrates |
| Microbial ecosystems |
| The future of microbial ecology |
| Symbiosis, predation, and antibiosis / Chapter 19： |
| Symbiosis |
| Behavioral changes due to parasitism |
| Predation |
| Antibiotics and bacteriocins |
| Infection: the vertebrate host / Chapter 20： |
| Host defenses |
| Infection: the microbe / Chapter 21： |
| Case reports |
| Microbes and human history / Chapter 22： |
| How infectious diseases change |
| Microbial agents of warfare |
| Coping with danger in a microbial world |
| Conclusion |
| Suggested reading |
| Putting microbes to work / Chapter 23： |
| Various uses of microbes |
| Making better wines: the malolactic fermentation |
| Protecting plants and making snow: ice-minus bacteria |
| Using microbes to make protein drugs: insulin and human growth hormone (hGH) |
| Microbial enzymes: sweeteners from corn |
| Biological insecticides: Bt |
| Undoing pollution: bioremediation |
| Coda |
| Glossary |
| Answers to Study Questions |
| Figure and Table Credits |
| Index |
図書
