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図書
図書
1. Matter and methods at low temperatures. 2nd ed
Frank Pobell
出版情報: Berlin : Springer, c1996  xiii, 371 p. ; 24 cm
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2.

図書
図書
2. Matter and methods at low temperatures. 3rd rev. and expanded ed
Frank Pobell
出版情報: Berlin : Springer, c2007  xv, 461 p. ; 24 cm
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目次情報: 続きを見る
Introduction / 1：
Properties of Cryoliquids / 2：
Liquid Air, Liquid Oxygen, Liquid Nitrogen / 2.1：
Liquid Hydrogen / 2.2：
Liquid Helium / 2.3：
Some Properties of the Helium Isotopes / 2.3.1：
Latent Heat of Evaporation and Vapour Pressure / 2.3.2：
Specific Heat / 2.3.3：
Superfluid Film Flow / 2.3.4：
Problems / 2.3.6：
Solid Matter at Low Temperatures / 3：
Insulators / 3.1：
Metals / 3.1.2：
Superconducting Metals / 3.1.3：
Non-Crystalline Solids / 3.1.4：
Magnetic Specific Heat / 3.1.5：
The Low-Temperature Specific Heat of Copper and Platinum / 3.1.6：
Specific Heat of Some Selected Materials / 3.1.7：
Calorimetry or How to Measure Heat Capacities / 3.1.8：
Thermal Expansion / 3.2：
Thermal Expansion of Solids / 3.2.1：
Dilatometers or How to Measure Thermal Expansions / 3.2.2：
Thermal Conductivity / 3.3：
Lattice Conductivity: Phonons / 3.3.1：
Electronic Thermal Conductivity / 3.3.2：
Thermal Conductivity at Low Temperatures / 3.3.3：
Relation Between Thermal and Electrical Conductivity: The Wiedemann-Franz Law / 3.3.4：
Influence of Impurities on Conductivity / 3.3.6：
Thermal Conductivities of Copper, Silver and Aluminum at Low Temperatures / 3.3.7：
How to Measure Thermal Conductivities / 3.3.8：
Magnetic Susceptibilities / 3.4：
Magnetic Susceptibilities of Some Selected Materials / 3.4.1：
How to Measure Susceptibilities and Magnetizations / 3.4.2：
Thermal Contact and Thermal Isolation / 4：
Selection of the Material with the Appropriate Cryogenic Thermal Conductivity / 4.1：
Heat Switches / 4.2：
Gaseous and Mechanical Heat Switches / 4.2.1：
Superconducting Heat Switches / 4.2.2：
Thermal Boundary Resistance / 4.3：
Boundary Resistance Between Metals / 4.3.1：
Boundary Resistance Between Liquid Helium and Solids / 4.3.2：
Helium-4 Cryostats and Closed-Cycle Refrigerators / 5：
Cool-Down Period / 5.1：
Running Phase of the Experiment / 5.1.2：
Helium-4 Cryostats / 5.2：
Double-Walled Glass Dewars / 5.2.1：
Metal Dewars / 5.2.2：
Cryostats for T > 5K / 5.2.3：
Cryostats with Variable Temperature for 1.3 K ? T ? 4.2 K / 5.2.4：
Auxiliary Equipment / 5.2.5：
Closed-Cycle Refrigerators / 5.3：
Temperature Control / 5.4：
Helium-3 Cryostats / 6：
Helium-3 Cryostats with External Pumps / 6.1：
Helium-3 Cryostats with Internal Adsorption Pumps / 6.2：
Phase Diagram and Solubility / 7：
Cooling Power of the Dilution Process / 7.1.2：
Osmotic Pressure / 7.1.5：
Mixing Chamber / 7.2：
Still / 7.3.2：
Heat Exchangers / 7.3.3：
Entropies of Liquid and Solid "He / 7.4：
Pomeranchuk Cooling / 8.3：
Refrigeration by Adiabatic Demagnetization of a Paramagnetic Salt / 9：
The Principle of Magnetic Refrigeration / 9.1：
Thermodynamics of Magnetic Refrigeration / 9.2：
Non-Interacting Magnetic Dipoles in a Magnetic Field / 9.3：
Paramagnetic Salts and Magnetic Refrigerators / 9.4：
Refrigeration by Adiabatic Nuclear Demagnetization / 10：
Some Equations Relevant for Nuclear Refrigeration / 10.1：
Differences in Nuclear and Electronic Demagnetization / 10.2：
Interaction Between Conduction Electrons and Nuclei / 10.3：
Electron-Phonon Coupling / 10.3.1：
Nucleus-Electron Coupling / 10.3.2：
Influence of an External Heat Load and the Optimum Final Magnetic Field / 10.4：
Heat Leaks / 10.5：
External Heat Leaks / 10.5.1：
Eddy Current Heating / 10.5.2：
Internal, Time-Dependent Heat Leaks / 10.5.3：
Heating from Radioactivity and High-Energy Particles / 10.5.4：
Nuclear Refrigerants / 10.6：
Hyperfine Enhanced Nuclear Refrigeration / 10.7：
Nuclear Demagnetization Refrigerators / 10.8：
Temperature Scales and Temperature Fixed Points / 11：
Thermodynamic Temperature / 11.1：
The International Temperature Scale ITS-90 / 11.2：
The New Provisional Low-Temperature Scale PLTS-2000 / 11.3：
Practical but not Officially Accepted Low-Temperature Fixed Points / 11.4：
Fixed Points of EPT-76 / 11.4.1：
The NBS Superconducting Fixed-Point Device / 11.4.2：
The SRD 1000 Superconducting Fixed-Point Device / 11.4.3：
Low-Temperature Thermometry / 11.4.4：
Gas Thermometry / 12.1：
Helium Vapour Pressure Thermometry / 12.2：
Helium Melting Pressure Thermometry / 12.3：
Thermoelectricity / 12.4：
Resistance Thermometry / 12.5：
Doped-Germanium and Carbon Resistors / 12.5.1：
Resistance Bridges / 12.5.3：
Coulomb Blockade Thermometry / 12.6：
Noise Thermometry / 12.7：
Capacitance Thermometry / 12.8：
Magnetic Thermometry with Electronic Paramagnets / 12.9：
Magnetic Thermometry with Nuclear Paramagnets / 12.10：
Non-Resonant, Integral Detection of Nuclear Magnetization / 12.10.1：
Selective Excitation but Non-Resonant Detection of Nuclear Magnetization / 12.10.2：
Resonant Excitation and Resonant Detection of Nuclear Magnetization / 12.10.3：
Magnetic Thermometry via Anisotropy of Gamma Rays / 12.11：
Summary / 12.12：
Miscellaneous Cryogenic Devices and Design Aids / 13：
Cryogenic Pressure Transducers for Thermometry and Manometry / 13.1：
Capacitive Pressure Transducers / 13.1.1：
Inductive Pressure Transducers / 13.1.2：
Cold Valves / 13.2：
Coaxial Cables and Feedthroughs / 13.3：
Small Magnets and Magnet Leads / 13.4：
Small Superconducting Magnets and Magnet Leads / 13.4.1：
Small Pulsed Normal-Conducting Magnets / 13.4.2：
Shielding Against Magnetic Fields and Magnetic Fields Inside of Shields / 13.5：
Normal-Conducting Shields / 13.5.1：
Superconducting Shields / 13.5.2：
Magnetic Fields Inside of Shields / 13.5.3：
Sintered Metal Heat Exchangers / 13.6：
Low-Temperature Motors and Rotators / 13.7：
Optical Experiments at Low Temperatures / 13.8：
Electronic Tunnel-Junction Refrigerators / 13.9：
Torsional and Translational Oscillators / 13.10：
Vibrating Reeds / 13.10.1：
Vibrating Wires / 13.10.2：
Quartz Tuning Forks / 13.10.3：
Double-Paddle Oscillators / 13.10.4：
Composite Torsional Oscillators / 13.10.5：
Some Comments on Low-Temperature Electronics / 13.11：
List of Symbols
Conversion Factors
Suppliers of Cryogenic Equipment and Materials
References
Index
Introduction / 1：
Properties of Cryoliquids / 2：
Liquid Air, Liquid Oxygen, Liquid Nitrogen / 2.1：
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