Preface |
Introduction / 1: |
Elements of a Digital Communication System / 1.1: |
Communication Channels and Their Characteristics / 1.2: |
Mathematical Models for Communication Channels / 1.3: |
A Historical Perspective in the Development of Digital Communications / 1.4: |
Overview of the Book / 1.5: |
Bibliographical Notes and References / 1.6: |
Probability and Stochastic Processes / 2: |
Probability / 2.1: |
Random Variables, Probability Distributions, and Probability Densities / 2.1.1: |
Functions of Random Variables / 2.1.2: |
Statistical Averages of Random Variables / 2.1.3: |
Some Useful Probability Distributions / 2.1.4: |
Upper Bounds on the Tail Probability / 2.1.5: |
Sums of Random Variables and the Central Limit Theorem / 2.1.6: |
Stochastic Processes / 2.2: |
Statistical Averages / 2.2.1: |
Power Density Spectrum / 2.2.2: |
Response of a Linear Time-Invariant System to a Random Input Signal / 2.2.3: |
Sampling Theorem for Band-Limited Stochastic Processes / 2.2.4: |
Discrete-Time Stochastic Signals and Systems / 2.2.5: |
Cyclostationary Processes / 2.2.6: |
Problems / 2.3: |
Source Coding / 3: |
Mathematical Models for Information Sources / 3.1: |
A Logarithmic Measure of Information / 3.2: |
Average Mutual Information and Entropy / 3.2.1: |
Information Measures for Continuous Random Variables / 3.2.2: |
Coding for Discrete Sources / 3.3: |
Coding for Discrete Memoryless Sources / 3.3.1: |
Discrete Stationary Sources / 3.3.2: |
The Lempel-Ziv Algorithm / 3.3.3: |
Coding for Analog Sources--Optimum Quantization / 3.4: |
Rate-Distortion Function / 3.4.1: |
Scalar Quantization / 3.4.2: |
Vector Quantization / 3.4.3: |
Coding Techniques for Analog Sources / 3.5: |
Temporal Waveform Coding / 3.5.1: |
Spectral Waveform Coding / 3.5.2: |
Model-Based Source Coding / 3.5.3: |
Characterization of Communication Signals and Systems / 3.6: |
Representation of Band-Pass Signals and Systems / 4.1: |
Representation of Band-Pass Signals / 4.1.1: |
Representation of Linear Band-Pass Systems / 4.1.2: |
Response of a Band-Pass System to a Band-Pass Signal / 4.1.3: |
Representation of Band-Pass Stationary Stochastic Processes / 4.1.4: |
Signal Space Representations / 4.2: |
Vector Space Concepts / 4.2.1: |
Signal Space Concepts / 4.2.2: |
Orthogonal Expansions of Signals / 4.2.3: |
Representation of Digitally Modulated Signals / 4.3: |
Memoryless Modulation Methods / 4.3.1: |
Linear Modulation with Memory / 4.3.2: |
Non-linear Modulation Methods with Memory--CPFSK and CPM / 4.3.3: |
Spectral Characteristics of Digitally Modulated Signals / 4.4: |
Power Spectra of Linearly Modulated Signals / 4.4.1: |
Power Spectra of CPFSK and CPM Signals / 4.4.2: |
Power Spectra of Modulated Signals with Memory / 4.4.3: |
Problem / 4.5: |
Optimum Receivers for the Additive White Gaussian Noise Channel / 5: |
Optimum Receiver for Signals Corrupted by Additive White Gaussian Noise / 5.1: |
Correlation Demodulator / 5.1.1: |
Matched-Filter Demodulator / 5.1.2: |
The Optimum Detector / 5.1.3: |
The Maximum-Likelihood Sequence Detector / 5.1.4: |
A Symbol-by-Symbol MAP Detector for Signals with Memory / 5.1.5: |
Performance of the Optimum Receiver for Memoryless Modulation / 5.2: |
Probability of Error for Binary Modulation / 5.2.1: |
Probability of Error for M-ary Orthogonal Signals / 5.2.2: |
Probability of Error for M-ary Biorthogonal Signals / 5.2.3: |
Probability of Error for Simplex Signals / 5.2.4: |
Probability of Error for M-ary Binary-Coded Signals / 5.2.5: |
Probability of Error for M-ary PAM / 5.2.6: |
Probability of Error for M-ary PSK / 5.2.7: |
Differential PSK (DPSK) and Its Performance / 5.2.8: |
Probability of Error for QAM / 5.2.9: |
Comparison of Digital Modulation Methods / 5.2.10: |
Optimum Receiver for CPM Signals / 5.3: |
Optimum Demodulation and Detection of CPM / 5.3.1: |
Performance of CPM Signals / 5.3.2: |
Symbol-by-Symbol Detection of CPM Signals / 5.3.3: |
Suboptimum Demodulation and Detection of CPM Signals / 5.3.4: |
Optimum Receiver for Signals with Random Phase in AWGN Channel / 5.4: |
Optimum Receiver for Binary Signals / 5.4.1: |
Optimum Receiver for M-ary Orthogonal Signals / 5.4.2: |
Probability of Error for Envelope Detection of M-ary Orthogonal Signals / 5.4.3: |
Probability of Error for Envelope Detection of Correlated Binary Signals / 5.4.4: |
Performance Analysis for Wireline and Radio Communication Systems / 5.5: |
Regenerative Repeaters / 5.5.1: |
Link Budget Analysis in Radio Communication Systems / 5.5.2: |
Carrier and Symbol Synchronziation / 5.6: |
Signal Parameter Estimation / 6.1: |
The Likelihood Function / 6.1.1: |
Carrier Recovery and Symbol Synchronization in Signal Demodulation / 6.1.2: |
Carrier Phase Estimation / 6.2: |
Maximum-Likelihood Carrier Phase Estimation / 6.2.1: |
The Phase-Locked Loop / 6.2.2: |
Effect of Additive Noise on the Phase Estimate / 6.2.3: |
Decision-Directed Loops / 6.2.4: |
Non-Decision-Directed Loops / 6.2.5: |
Symbol Timing Estimation / 6.3: |
Maximum-Likelihood Timing Estimation / 6.3.1: |
Non-Decision-Directed Timing Estimation / 6.3.2: |
Joint Estimation of Carrier Phase and Symbol Timing / 6.4: |
Performance Characteristics of ML Estimators / 6.5: |
Channel Capacity and Coding / 6.6: |
Channel Models and Channel Capacity / 7.1: |
Channel Models / 7.1.1: |
Channel Capacity / 7.1.2: |
Achieving Channel Capacity with Orthogonal Signals / 7.1.3: |
Channel Reliability Functions / 7.1.4: |
Random Selection of Codes / 7.2: |
Random Coding Based on M-ary Binary-Coded Signals / 7.2.1: |
Random Coding Based on M-ary Multiamplitude Signals / 7.2.2: |
Comparison of R*[subscript 0] with the Capacity of the AWGN Channel / 7.2.3: |
Communication System Design Based on the Cutoff Rate / 7.3: |
Block and Convolutional Channel Codes / 7.4: |
Linear Block Codes / 8.1: |
The Generator Matrix and the Parity Check Matrix / 8.1.1: |
Some Specific Linear Block Codes / 8.1.2: |
Cyclic Codes / 8.1.3: |
Optimum Soft-Decision Decoding of Linear Block Codes / 8.1.4: |
Hard-Decision Decoding of Linear Block Codes / 8.1.5: |
Comparison of Performance Between Hard-Decision and Soft-Decision Decoding / 8.1.6: |
Bounds on Minimum Distance of Linear Block Codes / 8.1.7: |
Nonbinary Block Codes and Concatenated Block Codes / 8.1.8: |
Interleaving of Coded Data for Channels with Burst Errors / 8.1.9: |
Serial and Parallel Concatenated Block Codes / 8.1.10: |
Convolutional Codes / 8.2: |
The Transfer Function of a Convolutional Code / 8.2.1: |
Optimum Decoding of Convolutional Codes--The Viterbi Algorithm / 8.2.2: |
Probability of Error for Soft-Decision Decoding / 8.2.3: |
Probability of Error for Hard-Decision Decoding / 8.2.4: |
Distance Properties of Binary Convolutional Codes / 8.2.5: |
Punctured Convolutional Codes / 8.2.6: |
Other Decoding Algorithms for Convolutional Codes / 8.2.7: |
Practical Considerations in the Application of Convolutional Codes / 8.2.8: |
Nonbinary Dual-k Codes and Concatenated Codes / 8.2.9: |
Parallel and Serial Concatenated Convolutional Codes / 8.2.10: |
Coded Modulation for Bandwidth-Constrained Channels--Trellis-Coded Modulation / 8.3: |
Signal Design for Band-Limited Channels / 8.4: |
Characterization of Band-Limited Channels / 9.1: |
Design of Band-Limited Signals for No Intersymbol Interference--The Nyquist Criterion / 9.2: |
Design of Band-Limited Signals with Controlled ISI--Partial-Response Signals / 9.2.2: |
Data Detection for Controlled ISI / 9.2.3: |
Signal Design for Channels with Distortion / 9.2.4: |
Probability of Error in Detection of PAM / 9.3: |
Probability of Error for Detection of PAM with Zero ISI / 9.3.1: |
Probability of Error for Detection of Partial-Response Signals / 9.3.2: |
Modulation Codes for Spectrum Shaping / 9.4: |
Communication Through Band-Limited Linear Filter Channels / 9.5: |
Optimum Receiver for Channels with ISI and AWGN / 10.1: |
Optimum Maximum-Likelihood Receiver / 10.1.1: |
A Discrete-Time Model for a Channel with ISI / 10.1.2: |
The Viterbi Algorithm for the Discrete-Time White Noise Filter Model / 10.1.3: |
Performance of MLSE for Channels with ISI / 10.1.4: |
Linear Equalization / 10.2: |
Peak Distortion Criterion / 10.2.1: |
Mean-Square-Error (MSE) Criterion / 10.2.2: |
Performance Characteristics of the MSE Equalizer / 10.2.3: |
Fractionally Spaced Equalizers / 10.2.4: |
Baseband and Passband Linear Equalizers / 10.2.5: |
Decision-Feedback Equalization / 10.3: |
Coefficient Optimization / 10.3.1: |
Performance Characteristics of DFE / 10.3.2: |
Predictive Decision-Feedback Equalizer / 10.3.3: |
Equalization at the Transmitter--Tomlinson-Harashima Precoding / 10.3.4: |
Reduced Complexity ML Detectors / 10.4: |
Iterative Equalization and Decoding--Turbo Equalization / 10.5: |
Adaptive Equalization / 10.6: |
Adaptive Linear Equalizer / 11.1: |
The Zero-Forcing Algorithm / 11.1.1: |
The LMS Algorithm / 11.1.2: |
Convergence Properties of the LMS Algorithm / 11.1.3: |
Excess MSE Due to Noisy Gradient Estimates / 11.1.4: |
Accelerating the Initial Convergence Rate in the LMS Algorithm / 11.1.5: |
Adaptive Fractionally Spaced Equalizer--The Tap Leakage Algorithm / 11.1.6: |
An Adaptive Channel Estimator for ML Sequence Detection / 11.1.7: |
Adaptive Decision-Feedback Equalizer / 11.2: |
Adaptive Equalization of Trellis-Coded Signals / 11.3: |
Recursive Least-Squares Algorithms for Adaptive Equalization / 11.4: |
Recursive Least-Squares (Kalman) Algorithm / 11.4.1: |
Linear Prediction and the Lattice Filter / 11.4.2: |
Self-Recovering (Blind) Equalization / 11.5: |
Blind Equalization Based on the Maximum-Likelihood Criterion / 11.5.1: |
Stochastic Gradient Algorithms / 11.5.2: |
Blind Equalization Algorithms Based on Second- and Higher-Order Signal Statistics / 11.5.3: |
Multichannel and Multicarrier Systems / 11.6: |
Multichannel Digital Communications in AWGN Channels / 12.1: |
Binary Signals / 12.1.1: |
M-ary Orthogonal Signals / 12.1.2: |
Multicarrier Communications / 12.2: |
Capacity of a Nonideal Linear Filter Channel / 12.2.1: |
An FFT-Based Multicarrier System / 12.2.2: |
Minimizing Peak-to-Average Ratio in the Multicarrier Systems / 12.2.3: |
Spread Spectrum Signals for Digital Communications / 12.3: |
Model of Spread Spectrum Digital Communication System / 13.1: |
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Signals / 13.2: |
Error Rate Performance of the Decoder / 13.2.1: |
Some Applications of DS Spread Spectrum Signals / 13.2.2: |
Effect of Pulsed Interference on DS Spread Spectrum Systems / 13.2.3: |
Excision of Narrowband Interference in DS Spread Spectrum Systems / 13.2.4: |
Generation of PN Sequences / 13.2.5: |
Frequency-Hopped Spread Spectrum Signals / 13.3: |
Performance of FH Spread Spectrum Signals in an AWGN Channel / 13.3.1: |
Performance of FH Spread Spectrum Signals in Partial-Band Interference / 13.3.2: |
A CDMA System Based on FH Spread Spectrum Signals / 13.3.3: |
Other Types of Spread Spectrum Signals / 13.4: |
Synchronization of Spread Spectrum Systems / 13.5: |
Digital Communications through Fading Multipath Channels / 13.6: |
Characterization of Fading Multipath Channels / 14.1: |
Channel Correlation Functions and Power Spectra / 14.1.1: |
Statistical Models for Fading Channels / 14.1.2: |
The Effect of Signal Characteristics on the Choice of a Channel Model / 14.2: |
Frequency-Nonselective, Slowly Fading Channel / 14.3: |
Diversity Techniques for Fading Multipath Channels / 14.4: |
Multiphase Signals / 14.4.1: |
Digital Signaling over a Frequency-Selective, Slowly Fading Channel / 14.4.3: |
A Tapped-Delay-Line Channel Model / 14.5.1: |
The RAKE Demodulator / 14.5.2: |
Performance of RAKE Demodulator / 14.5.3: |
Receiver Structures for Channels with Intersymbol Interference / 14.5.4: |
Coded Waveforms for Fading Channels / 14.6: |
Probability of Error for Soft-Decision Decoding of Linear Binary Block Codes / 14.6.1: |
Probability of Error for Hard-Decision Decoding of Linear Binary Block Codes / 14.6.2: |
Upper Bounds on the Performance of Convolutional Codes for a Rayleigh Fading Channel / 14.6.3: |
Use of Constant-Weight Codes and Concatenated Codes for a Fading Channel / 14.6.4: |
System Design Based on the Cutoff Rate / 14.6.5: |
Performance of Coded Phase-Coherent Communication Systems--Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation / 14.6.6: |
Trellis-Coded Modulation / 14.6.7: |
Multiple-Antenna Systems / 14.7: |
Multiuser Communications / 14.8: |
Introduction to Multiple Access Techniques / 15.1: |
Capacity of Multiple Access Methods / 15.2: |
Code-Division Multiple Access / 15.3: |
CDMA Signal and Channel Models / 15.3.1: |
The Optimum Receiver / 15.3.2: |
Suboptimum Detectors / 15.3.3: |
Successive Interference Cancellation / 15.3.4: |
Performance Characteristics of Detectors / 15.3.5: |
Random Access Methods / 15.4: |
ALOHA Systems and Protocols / 15.4.1: |
Carrier Sense Systems and Protocols / 15.4.2: |
The Levinson-Durbin Algorithm / 15.5: |
Error Probability for Multichannel Binary Signals / Appendix B: |
Error Probabilities for Adaptive Reception of M-Phase Signals / Appendix C: |
Mathematical Model for M-Phase Signaling Communication System / C.1: |
Characteristic Function and Probability Density Function of the Phase [theta] / C.2: |
Error Probabilities for Slowly Rayleigh Fading Channels / C.3: |
Error Probabilities for Time-Invariant and Ricean Fading Channels / C.4: |
Square-Root Factorization / Appendix D: |
References and Bibliography |
Index |