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図書
図書
1. Astrophysical concepts. 3rd ed
Martin Harwit
出版情報: New York : Springer, c1998  xiv, 651 p. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名: Astronomy and astrophysics library
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2.

図書
図書
2. Astrophysical concepts. 4th ed
Martin Harwit
出版情報: New York : Springer, c2006  xvi, 714 p. ; 24 cm
シリーズ名: Astronomy and astrophysics library
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目次情報: 続きを見る
Preface to the Fourth Edition
An Approach to Astrophysics / 1：
Channels for Astronomical Information / 1:1：
X-Ray Astronomy: Development of a New Field / 1:2：
The Appropriate Set of Physical Laws / 1:3：
The Formation of Stars / 1:4：
The Hertzsprung-Russell and Color-Magnitude Diagrams / 1:5：
The Birth of Low-Mass Stars / 1:6：
Massive Stars / 1:7：
The Late Stages of Stellar Evolution / 1:8：
Abundance of the Chemical Elements in Stars and the Solar System / 1:9：
Origin of the Solar System / 1:10：
The Galaxy and the Local Group / 1:11：
The Formation of Large-Scale Structures / 1:12：
Black Holes / 1:13：
Magnetohydrodynamics and Turbulence / 1:14：
Problems of Life / 1:15：
Unobserved Astronomical Objects / 1:16：
The Cosmic Distance Scale / 2：
Size of the Solar System / 2:1：
Trigonometric Parallax / 2:2：
Spectroscopic Parallax / 2:3：
Superposition of Main Sequences / 2:4：
RR Lyrae Variables / 2:5：
Cepheid Variables / 2:6：
Novae and HII Regions / 2:7：
Supernovae / 2:8：
The Tully-Fisher and Faber-Jackson Relations / 2:9：
Distance-Red-Shift Relation / 2:10：
Distances and Velocities / 2:11：
Seeliger's Theorem and Number Counts in Cosmology / 2:12：
Problems Dealing with the Size of Astronomical Objects
Answers to Selected Problems
Dynamics and Masses of Astronomical Bodies / 3：
Universal Gravitational Attraction / 3:1：
Ellipses and Conic Sections / 3:2：
Central Force / 3:3：
Two-Body Problem with Attractive Force / 3:4：
Kepler's Laws / 3:5：
Determination of the Gravitational Constant / 3:6：
The Concept of Mass / 3:7：
Inertial Frames of Reference - The Equivalence Principle / 3:8：
Gravitational Red Shift and Time Dilation / 3:9：
Measures of Time / 3:10：
Uses of Pulsar Time / 3:11：
Galactic Rotation / 3:12：
Scattering in an Inverse Square Law Field / 3:13：
Stellar Drag / 3:14：
Virial Theorem / 3:15：
Stability Against Tidal Disruption / 3:16：
Lagrangian Equations / 3:17：
Random Processes / 4：
Random Events / 4:1：
Random Walk / 4:2：
Distribution Functions, Probabilities, and Mean Values / 4:3：
Projected Length of Randomly Oriented Rods / 4:4：
The Motion of Molecules / 4:5：
Ideal Gas Law / 4:6：
Radiation Kinetics / 4:7：
Isothermal Distributions / 4:8：
Atmospheric Density / 4:9：
Particle Energy Distribution in an Atmosphere / 4:10：
Phase Space / 4:11：
Angular Diameters of Stars / 4:12：
The Spectrum of Light Inside and Outside a Hot Body / 4:13：
Boltzmann Equation and Liouville's Theorem / 4:14：
Fermi-Dirac Statistics / 4:15：
The Saha Equation / 4:16：
Mean Values / 4:17：
Fluctuations / 4:18：
The First Law of Thermodynamics / 4:19：
Isothermal and Adiabatic Processes / 4:20：
Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics / 4:21：
Formation of Condensations and the Stability of the Interstellar Medium / 4:22：
Ionized Gases and Clusters of Stars and Galaxies / 4:23：
Photons and Fast Particles / 5：
The Relativity Principle / 5:1：
Relativistic Terminology / 5:2：
Relative Motion / 5:3：
Four-Vectors / 5:4：
Aberration of Light / 5:5：
Momentum, Mass, and Energy / 5:6：
The Doppler Effect / 5:7：
Poynting-Robertson Drag on a Grain / 5:8：
Motion Through the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation / 5:9：
Particles at High Energies / 5:10：
High-Energy Collisions / 5:11：
Superluminal Motions and Tachyons / 5:12：
Strong Gravitational Fields / 5:13：
Gravitational Time Delay; Deflection of Light / 5:14：
Gravitational Lenses / 5:15：
An Independent Measure of the Hubble Constant / 5:16：
Orbital Motion Around a Black Hole / 5:17：
Advance of the Perihelion of Mercury / 5:18：
Accretion Disks Around X-ray Binaries / 5:19：
The Smallest Conceivable Volume / 5:20：
The Zeroth Law of Black Hole Dynamics / 5:21：
Entropy and Temperature of a Black Hole / 5:22：
The Third Law of Black Hole Thermodynamics / 5:23：
Radiating Black Holes / 5:24：
Electromagnetic Processes in Space / 6：
Coulomb's Law and Dielectric Displacement / 6:1：
Cosmic Magnetic Fields / 6:2：
Ohm's Law and Dissipation / 6:3：
Magnetic Acceleration of Particles / 6:4：
Ampere's Law and the Relation Between Cosmic Currents and Magnetic Fields / 6:5：
Magnetic Mirrors, Magnetic Bottles, and Cosmic-Ray Particles / 6:6：
Maxwell's Equations / 6:7：
The Wave Equation / 6:8：
Phase and Group Velocity / 6:9：
Energy Density, Pressure, and the Poynting Vector / 6:10：
Propagation of Waves Through a Tenuous Ionized Medium / 6:11：
Faraday Rotation / 6:12：
Light Emission by Slowly Moving Charges / 6:13：
Gravitational Radiation / 6:14：
Light Scattering by Unbound Charges / 6:15：
Scattering by Bound Charges / 6:16：
Extinction by Interstellar Grains / 6:17：
Absorption and Emission of Radiation by a Plasma / 6:18：
Radiation from Thermal Radio Sources / 6:19：
Synchrotron Radiation / 6:20：
The Synchrotron Radiation Spectrum / 6:21：
The Compton Effect and Inverse Compton Effect / 6:22：
The Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect / 6:23：
The Cherenkov Effect / 6:24：
The Angular Distribution of Light from the Sky / 6:25：
Quantum Processes in Astrophysics / 7：
Absorption and Emission of Radiation by Atomic Systems / 7:1：
Quantization of Atomic Systems / 7:2：
Atomic Hydrogen and Hydrogenlike Spectra / 7:3：
Spectra of Ionized Hydrogen / 7:4：
Hydrogen Molecules / 7:5：
Selection Rules / 7:6：
The Information Contained in Spectral Lines / 7:7：
Absorption and Emission Line Profile / 7:8：
Quantum Mechanical Transition Probabilities / 7:9：
Blackbody Radiation / 7:10：
Stimulated Emission and Cosmic Masers / 7:11：
Stellar Opacity / 7:12：
Chemical Composition of Stellar Atmospheres - The Radiative Transfer Problem / 7:13：
A Gravitational Quantum Effect / 7:14：
Stars / 8：
Observations / 8:1：
Sources of Stellar Energy / 8:2：
Requirements Imposed on Stellar Models / 8:3：
Mathematical Formulation of the Theory / 8:4：
Relaxation Times / 8:5：
Equation of State / 8:6：
Luminosity / 8:7：
Opacity Inside a Star / 8:8：
Convective Transfer / 8:9：
Nuclear Reaction Rates / 8:10：
Particles and Basic Particle Interactions / 8:11：
Energy-Generating Processes in Stars / 8:12：
Compact Stars / 8:13：
White Dwarf Stars / 8:14：
Stellar Evolution and The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram / 8:15：
Supernovae, Neutron Stars, and Black Holes / 8:16：
Pulsars, Magnetars, and Plerions / 8:17：
Hypernovae and Gamma-Ray Bursts / 8:18：
Microquasars / 8:19：
Vibration and Rotation of Stars / 8:20：
Solar Neutrino Observations / 8:21：
Additional Problems
Cosmic Gas and Dust / 9：
Stromgren Spheres / 9:1：
Pressure Propagation and the Speed of Sound / 9:3：
Shock Fronts and Ionization Fronts / 9:4：
Gamma-Ray Bursts, GRB / 9:5：
Origin of Cosmic Magnetic Fields / 9:6：
Dynamo Amplification of Magnetic Fields / 9:7：
Cosmic-Ray Particles in the Interstellar Medium / 9:8：
Formation of Molecules and Grains / 9:9：
Formation of Molecular Hydrogen, H[subscript 2] / 9:10：
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / 9:11：
Infrared Emission from Galactic Sources / 9:12：
Orientation of Interstellar Grains / 9:13：
Acoustic Damping and The Barnett Effect / 9:14：
Stability of Isothermal Gas Spheres / 9:15：
Polytropes / 9:16：
The Nature of Dark Matter / 9:17：
Formation of Stars and Planetary Systems / 10：
Star Formation / 10:1：
Gravitational Condensation of Matter / 10:2：
Jeans Criterion / 10:3：
Hydrostatics of Gaseous Clouds / 10:4：
Magnetic Reconnection / 10:5：
Ambipolar Diffusion / 10:6：
Triggered Collapse / 10:7：
Energy Dissipation / 10:8：
Cooling of Dense Clouds by Grain Radiation / 10:9：
Condensation in the Early Solar Nebula / 10:10：
The Evidence Provided by Meteorites / 10:11：
Nascent Planetary Disks / 10:12：
Formation of Primitive Condensates in the Early Solar Nebula / 10:13：
Formation of Planetesimals / 10:14：
Condensation in the Primeval Solar Nebula / 10:15：
The Universe We Inhabit / 11：
Questions About the Universe / 11:1：
Isotropy and Homogeneity of the Universe / 11:2：
Cosmological Principle / 11:3：
Homogeneous Isotropic Models of the Universe / 11:4：
Olbers's Paradox / 11:5：
Measuring the Geometric Properties of the Universe / 11:6：
Angular Diameters and Number Counts / 11:7：
The Flux from Distant Supernovae / 11:8：
Magnitudes and Angular Diameters of Galaxies / 11:9：
Dynamics on a Cosmic Scale / 11:10：
Einstein's Field Equations / 11:11：
The Density Parameter[Omega] / 11:12：
Some Simple Models of the Universe / 11:13：
Self-Regenerating Universes / 11:14：
Horizon of a Universe / 11:15：
Topology of the Universe / 11:16：
Do the Fundamental Constants of Nature Change with Time? / 11:17：
The Flow of Time / 11:18：
Branes and Compact Dimensions / 11:19：
An Astrophysical History of the Universe / 12：
The Isotropy Problem / 12:1：
The Flatness Problem / 12:2：
Where Did the Microwave Background Radiation Originate / 12:3：
Looking Back in Time / 12:4：
The Planck Era / 12:5：
Inflationary Cosmological Models / 12:6：
The Post-Inflationary Stage / 12:7：
The Riemann Curvature Constant / 12:8：
Quark-Gluon Plasma / 12:9：
The Origin of Baryonic Mass / 12:10：
Leptons and Antileptons / 12:11：
The Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry / 12:12：
Early Element Formation / 12:13：
The Entropy of the Universe / 12:14：
A More Precise Extrapolation Back in Time / 12:15：
The First 400,000 Years / 12:16：
Last Impact and Decoupling of Matter from Radiation / 12:17：
Observational Evidence / 12:18：
The Formation of Cosmic Structures / 13：
The Inhomogeneous Universe / 13:1：
Primordial Seeds / 13:2：
The Seeds of Structure / 13:3：
Evolution of Inhomogeneities / 13:4：
The Coupling of Radiation and Matter / 13:5：
Cooling of Gas After Decoupling / 13:6：
Photon Drag / 13:7：
Oscillations Around the Decoupling Era / 13:8：
The Jeans Criterion / 13:9：
Condensation on Superhorizon Scales / 13:10：
A Swiss-Cheese Model / 13:11：
Birkhoff's Theorem and "Why Galaxies Don't Expand" / 13:12：
Curvature Fluctuations / 13:13：
Primordial Collapse and the Density Parameter[Omega subscript 0] / 13:14：
Inhomogeneities in the Microwave Background Radiation / 13:15：
The Microwave Background Temperature Fluctuations / 13:16：
The Three-Dimensional Power Spectrum of Galaxies and Clusters / 13:17：
The Observed Imprint of Oscillations / 13:18：
Oscillations and Fundamental Cosmological Parameters / 13:19：
The Rees-Sciama Effect / 13:20：
Formation of the Largest Structures / 13:21：
Press-Schechter Condensation / 13:22：
The Internal Structure of Dark Matter haloes / 13:23：
Protogalactic Cooling / 13:24：
Formation of the First Stars / 13:25：
Population III Stars / 13:26：
Reionization / 13:27：
The Gunn-Peterson Effect / 13:28：
Quasar Stromgren Spheres / 13:29：
Formation of Supermassive Black Holes / 13:30：
Accretion Disks Around Supermassive Black Holes / 13:31：
The Masses of Galaxy Bulges and Central Black Holes / 13:32：
Growth Through Merging / 13:33：
Chemical Evolution of Galaxies and the Intracluster Medium / 13:34：
Formation of Our Own Galaxy / 13:35：
Radioactive Dating / 13:36：
Life in the Universe / 14：
Introduction / 14:1：
Thermodynamics of Biological Systems / 14:2：
Organic Molecules in Nature and in the Laboratory / 14:3：
Origins of Life on Earth / 14:4：
The Chemical Basis of Terrestrial Life / 14:5：
Laboratory Syntheses / 14:6：
Panspermia / 14:7：
Higher Organisms and Intelligence / 14:8：
Communication and Space Travel / 14:9：
Answer to a Selected Problem
Astronomical Terminology / A：
Astrophysical Constants / B：
Index
Preface to the Fourth Edition
An Approach to Astrophysics / 1：
Channels for Astronomical Information / 1:1：
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