Preface to the Fourth Edition |
An Approach to Astrophysics / 1: |
Channels for Astronomical Information / 1:1: |
X-Ray Astronomy: Development of a New Field / 1:2: |
The Appropriate Set of Physical Laws / 1:3: |
The Formation of Stars / 1:4: |
The Hertzsprung-Russell and Color-Magnitude Diagrams / 1:5: |
The Birth of Low-Mass Stars / 1:6: |
Massive Stars / 1:7: |
The Late Stages of Stellar Evolution / 1:8: |
Abundance of the Chemical Elements in Stars and the Solar System / 1:9: |
Origin of the Solar System / 1:10: |
The Galaxy and the Local Group / 1:11: |
The Formation of Large-Scale Structures / 1:12: |
Black Holes / 1:13: |
Magnetohydrodynamics and Turbulence / 1:14: |
Problems of Life / 1:15: |
Unobserved Astronomical Objects / 1:16: |
The Cosmic Distance Scale / 2: |
Size of the Solar System / 2:1: |
Trigonometric Parallax / 2:2: |
Spectroscopic Parallax / 2:3: |
Superposition of Main Sequences / 2:4: |
RR Lyrae Variables / 2:5: |
Cepheid Variables / 2:6: |
Novae and HII Regions / 2:7: |
Supernovae / 2:8: |
The Tully-Fisher and Faber-Jackson Relations / 2:9: |
Distance-Red-Shift Relation / 2:10: |
Distances and Velocities / 2:11: |
Seeliger's Theorem and Number Counts in Cosmology / 2:12: |
Problems Dealing with the Size of Astronomical Objects |
Answers to Selected Problems |
Dynamics and Masses of Astronomical Bodies / 3: |
Universal Gravitational Attraction / 3:1: |
Ellipses and Conic Sections / 3:2: |
Central Force / 3:3: |
Two-Body Problem with Attractive Force / 3:4: |
Kepler's Laws / 3:5: |
Determination of the Gravitational Constant / 3:6: |
The Concept of Mass / 3:7: |
Inertial Frames of Reference - The Equivalence Principle / 3:8: |
Gravitational Red Shift and Time Dilation / 3:9: |
Measures of Time / 3:10: |
Uses of Pulsar Time / 3:11: |
Galactic Rotation / 3:12: |
Scattering in an Inverse Square Law Field / 3:13: |
Stellar Drag / 3:14: |
Virial Theorem / 3:15: |
Stability Against Tidal Disruption / 3:16: |
Lagrangian Equations / 3:17: |
Random Processes / 4: |
Random Events / 4:1: |
Random Walk / 4:2: |
Distribution Functions, Probabilities, and Mean Values / 4:3: |
Projected Length of Randomly Oriented Rods / 4:4: |
The Motion of Molecules / 4:5: |
Ideal Gas Law / 4:6: |
Radiation Kinetics / 4:7: |
Isothermal Distributions / 4:8: |
Atmospheric Density / 4:9: |
Particle Energy Distribution in an Atmosphere / 4:10: |
Phase Space / 4:11: |
Angular Diameters of Stars / 4:12: |
The Spectrum of Light Inside and Outside a Hot Body / 4:13: |
Boltzmann Equation and Liouville's Theorem / 4:14: |
Fermi-Dirac Statistics / 4:15: |
The Saha Equation / 4:16: |
Mean Values / 4:17: |
Fluctuations / 4:18: |
The First Law of Thermodynamics / 4:19: |
Isothermal and Adiabatic Processes / 4:20: |
Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics / 4:21: |
Formation of Condensations and the Stability of the Interstellar Medium / 4:22: |
Ionized Gases and Clusters of Stars and Galaxies / 4:23: |
Photons and Fast Particles / 5: |
The Relativity Principle / 5:1: |
Relativistic Terminology / 5:2: |
Relative Motion / 5:3: |
Four-Vectors / 5:4: |
Aberration of Light / 5:5: |
Momentum, Mass, and Energy / 5:6: |
The Doppler Effect / 5:7: |
Poynting-Robertson Drag on a Grain / 5:8: |
Motion Through the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation / 5:9: |
Particles at High Energies / 5:10: |
High-Energy Collisions / 5:11: |
Superluminal Motions and Tachyons / 5:12: |
Strong Gravitational Fields / 5:13: |
Gravitational Time Delay; Deflection of Light / 5:14: |
Gravitational Lenses / 5:15: |
An Independent Measure of the Hubble Constant / 5:16: |
Orbital Motion Around a Black Hole / 5:17: |
Advance of the Perihelion of Mercury / 5:18: |
Accretion Disks Around X-ray Binaries / 5:19: |
The Smallest Conceivable Volume / 5:20: |
The Zeroth Law of Black Hole Dynamics / 5:21: |
Entropy and Temperature of a Black Hole / 5:22: |
The Third Law of Black Hole Thermodynamics / 5:23: |
Radiating Black Holes / 5:24: |
Electromagnetic Processes in Space / 6: |
Coulomb's Law and Dielectric Displacement / 6:1: |
Cosmic Magnetic Fields / 6:2: |
Ohm's Law and Dissipation / 6:3: |
Magnetic Acceleration of Particles / 6:4: |
Ampere's Law and the Relation Between Cosmic Currents and Magnetic Fields / 6:5: |
Magnetic Mirrors, Magnetic Bottles, and Cosmic-Ray Particles / 6:6: |
Maxwell's Equations / 6:7: |
The Wave Equation / 6:8: |
Phase and Group Velocity / 6:9: |
Energy Density, Pressure, and the Poynting Vector / 6:10: |
Propagation of Waves Through a Tenuous Ionized Medium / 6:11: |
Faraday Rotation / 6:12: |
Light Emission by Slowly Moving Charges / 6:13: |
Gravitational Radiation / 6:14: |
Light Scattering by Unbound Charges / 6:15: |
Scattering by Bound Charges / 6:16: |
Extinction by Interstellar Grains / 6:17: |
Absorption and Emission of Radiation by a Plasma / 6:18: |
Radiation from Thermal Radio Sources / 6:19: |
Synchrotron Radiation / 6:20: |
The Synchrotron Radiation Spectrum / 6:21: |
The Compton Effect and Inverse Compton Effect / 6:22: |
The Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect / 6:23: |
The Cherenkov Effect / 6:24: |
The Angular Distribution of Light from the Sky / 6:25: |
Quantum Processes in Astrophysics / 7: |
Absorption and Emission of Radiation by Atomic Systems / 7:1: |
Quantization of Atomic Systems / 7:2: |
Atomic Hydrogen and Hydrogenlike Spectra / 7:3: |
Spectra of Ionized Hydrogen / 7:4: |
Hydrogen Molecules / 7:5: |
Selection Rules / 7:6: |
The Information Contained in Spectral Lines / 7:7: |
Absorption and Emission Line Profile / 7:8: |
Quantum Mechanical Transition Probabilities / 7:9: |
Blackbody Radiation / 7:10: |
Stimulated Emission and Cosmic Masers / 7:11: |
Stellar Opacity / 7:12: |
Chemical Composition of Stellar Atmospheres - The Radiative Transfer Problem / 7:13: |
A Gravitational Quantum Effect / 7:14: |
Stars / 8: |
Observations / 8:1: |
Sources of Stellar Energy / 8:2: |
Requirements Imposed on Stellar Models / 8:3: |
Mathematical Formulation of the Theory / 8:4: |
Relaxation Times / 8:5: |
Equation of State / 8:6: |
Luminosity / 8:7: |
Opacity Inside a Star / 8:8: |
Convective Transfer / 8:9: |
Nuclear Reaction Rates / 8:10: |
Particles and Basic Particle Interactions / 8:11: |
Energy-Generating Processes in Stars / 8:12: |
Compact Stars / 8:13: |
White Dwarf Stars / 8:14: |
Stellar Evolution and The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram / 8:15: |
Supernovae, Neutron Stars, and Black Holes / 8:16: |
Pulsars, Magnetars, and Plerions / 8:17: |
Hypernovae and Gamma-Ray Bursts / 8:18: |
Microquasars / 8:19: |
Vibration and Rotation of Stars / 8:20: |
Solar Neutrino Observations / 8:21: |
Additional Problems |
Cosmic Gas and Dust / 9: |
Stromgren Spheres / 9:1: |
Pressure Propagation and the Speed of Sound / 9:3: |
Shock Fronts and Ionization Fronts / 9:4: |
Gamma-Ray Bursts, GRB / 9:5: |
Origin of Cosmic Magnetic Fields / 9:6: |
Dynamo Amplification of Magnetic Fields / 9:7: |
Cosmic-Ray Particles in the Interstellar Medium / 9:8: |
Formation of Molecules and Grains / 9:9: |
Formation of Molecular Hydrogen, H[subscript 2] / 9:10: |
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / 9:11: |
Infrared Emission from Galactic Sources / 9:12: |
Orientation of Interstellar Grains / 9:13: |
Acoustic Damping and The Barnett Effect / 9:14: |
Stability of Isothermal Gas Spheres / 9:15: |
Polytropes / 9:16: |
The Nature of Dark Matter / 9:17: |
Formation of Stars and Planetary Systems / 10: |
Star Formation / 10:1: |
Gravitational Condensation of Matter / 10:2: |
Jeans Criterion / 10:3: |
Hydrostatics of Gaseous Clouds / 10:4: |
Magnetic Reconnection / 10:5: |
Ambipolar Diffusion / 10:6: |
Triggered Collapse / 10:7: |
Energy Dissipation / 10:8: |
Cooling of Dense Clouds by Grain Radiation / 10:9: |
Condensation in the Early Solar Nebula / 10:10: |
The Evidence Provided by Meteorites / 10:11: |
Nascent Planetary Disks / 10:12: |
Formation of Primitive Condensates in the Early Solar Nebula / 10:13: |
Formation of Planetesimals / 10:14: |
Condensation in the Primeval Solar Nebula / 10:15: |
The Universe We Inhabit / 11: |
Questions About the Universe / 11:1: |
Isotropy and Homogeneity of the Universe / 11:2: |
Cosmological Principle / 11:3: |
Homogeneous Isotropic Models of the Universe / 11:4: |
Olbers's Paradox / 11:5: |
Measuring the Geometric Properties of the Universe / 11:6: |
Angular Diameters and Number Counts / 11:7: |
The Flux from Distant Supernovae / 11:8: |
Magnitudes and Angular Diameters of Galaxies / 11:9: |
Dynamics on a Cosmic Scale / 11:10: |
Einstein's Field Equations / 11:11: |
The Density Parameter[Omega] / 11:12: |
Some Simple Models of the Universe / 11:13: |
Self-Regenerating Universes / 11:14: |
Horizon of a Universe / 11:15: |
Topology of the Universe / 11:16: |
Do the Fundamental Constants of Nature Change with Time? / 11:17: |
The Flow of Time / 11:18: |
Branes and Compact Dimensions / 11:19: |
An Astrophysical History of the Universe / 12: |
The Isotropy Problem / 12:1: |
The Flatness Problem / 12:2: |
Where Did the Microwave Background Radiation Originate / 12:3: |
Looking Back in Time / 12:4: |
The Planck Era / 12:5: |
Inflationary Cosmological Models / 12:6: |
The Post-Inflationary Stage / 12:7: |
The Riemann Curvature Constant / 12:8: |
Quark-Gluon Plasma / 12:9: |
The Origin of Baryonic Mass / 12:10: |
Leptons and Antileptons / 12:11: |
The Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry / 12:12: |
Early Element Formation / 12:13: |
The Entropy of the Universe / 12:14: |
A More Precise Extrapolation Back in Time / 12:15: |
The First 400,000 Years / 12:16: |
Last Impact and Decoupling of Matter from Radiation / 12:17: |
Observational Evidence / 12:18: |
The Formation of Cosmic Structures / 13: |
The Inhomogeneous Universe / 13:1: |
Primordial Seeds / 13:2: |
The Seeds of Structure / 13:3: |
Evolution of Inhomogeneities / 13:4: |
The Coupling of Radiation and Matter / 13:5: |
Cooling of Gas After Decoupling / 13:6: |
Photon Drag / 13:7: |
Oscillations Around the Decoupling Era / 13:8: |
The Jeans Criterion / 13:9: |
Condensation on Superhorizon Scales / 13:10: |
A Swiss-Cheese Model / 13:11: |
Birkhoff's Theorem and "Why Galaxies Don't Expand" / 13:12: |
Curvature Fluctuations / 13:13: |
Primordial Collapse and the Density Parameter[Omega subscript 0] / 13:14: |
Inhomogeneities in the Microwave Background Radiation / 13:15: |
The Microwave Background Temperature Fluctuations / 13:16: |
The Three-Dimensional Power Spectrum of Galaxies and Clusters / 13:17: |
The Observed Imprint of Oscillations / 13:18: |
Oscillations and Fundamental Cosmological Parameters / 13:19: |
The Rees-Sciama Effect / 13:20: |
Formation of the Largest Structures / 13:21: |
Press-Schechter Condensation / 13:22: |
The Internal Structure of Dark Matter haloes / 13:23: |
Protogalactic Cooling / 13:24: |
Formation of the First Stars / 13:25: |
Population III Stars / 13:26: |
Reionization / 13:27: |
The Gunn-Peterson Effect / 13:28: |
Quasar Stromgren Spheres / 13:29: |
Formation of Supermassive Black Holes / 13:30: |
Accretion Disks Around Supermassive Black Holes / 13:31: |
The Masses of Galaxy Bulges and Central Black Holes / 13:32: |
Growth Through Merging / 13:33: |
Chemical Evolution of Galaxies and the Intracluster Medium / 13:34: |
Formation of Our Own Galaxy / 13:35: |
Radioactive Dating / 13:36: |
Life in the Universe / 14: |
Introduction / 14:1: |
Thermodynamics of Biological Systems / 14:2: |
Organic Molecules in Nature and in the Laboratory / 14:3: |
Origins of Life on Earth / 14:4: |
The Chemical Basis of Terrestrial Life / 14:5: |
Laboratory Syntheses / 14:6: |
Panspermia / 14:7: |
Higher Organisms and Intelligence / 14:8: |
Communication and Space Travel / 14:9: |
Answer to a Selected Problem |
Astronomical Terminology / A: |
Astrophysical Constants / B: |
Index |