List of Symbols |
Preface |
Electrolytes / 1: |
Liquid Electrolyte Solutions / 1.1: |
Ionic Melts / 1.2: |
Alkali halide melts / 1.2.1: |
Glass forming molten salts / 1.2.2: |
Ionic liquids / 1.2.3: |
Ionic Conductance in Polymers / 1.3: |
Polymer electrolytes / 1.3.1: |
Gel polymer electrolytes / 1.3.2: |
Ion exchanging polymer electrolytes / 1.3.3: |
Ionic Conductance in Solids / 1.4: |
Crystal defects / 1.4.1: |
Intrinsic disorder / 1.4.2: |
Extrinsic disorder / 1.4.3: |
Disorder in sub-lattices / 1.4.4: |
Transport by defects / 1.4.5: |
Ion conducting glasses / 1.4.6: |
Mixed ionic and electronic conductance / 1.4.7: |
Structure and Bonding / 2: |
Structure Factors / 2.1: |
Closed Packed Structures of Metals / 2.2: |
Alloys with Closed Packed Structure / 2.3: |
Hume-Rothery Rules for Formation of Solid Solutions / 2.4: |
Body Centered Cubic Structure / 2.5: |
Hume-Rothery Phases / 2.6: |
Ionic Structures / 2.7: |
Coordination Polyhedrons of Molecules / 2.8: |
The Band Model of Electrons in Solids / 2.9: |
Free electrons in a metal / 2.9.1: |
Orbitals in solids / 2.9.2: |
Density of states (DOS) / 2.9.3: |
Filling up with electrons; Fermi energy / 2.9.4: |
Crystal orbital overlap population: the formation of bonds / 2.9.5: |
Extension to more dimensions / 2.9.6: |
Band structure of d-metals / 2.9.7: |
Semiconductors: example TiO[subscript 2] / 2.9.8: |
Peierls distortion / 2.9.9: |
Energy bands in electrolytes / 2.9.10: |
Cohesion in Solids / 2.10: |
Lattice enthalpy / 2.10.1: |
Sublimation enthalpy / 2.10.2: |
Bond energies of metals / 2.10.3: |
Bond energies of alloys / 2.10.4: |
Electrode Potentials / 3: |
Pure Metals / 3.1: |
Equilibrium between a metal phase and an electrolyte phase / 3.1.1: |
Standard electrode potentials / 3.1.2: |
Standard electrode potentials of metal complexes / 3.1.3: |
Alloys / 3.2: |
Partial molar Gibbs energies / 3.2.1: |
Electrochemical measurements of partial molar functions / 3.2.2: |
Ag[subscript x]Au[subscript y]-example of a solid solution / 3.2.3: |
Partial molar functions of component B / 3.2.4: |
From partial molar functions to integral functions / 3.2.5: |
Intermetallic Phases and Compounds / 3.3: |
Potential versus mole fraction diagrams / 3.3.1: |
Coulometric titration / 3.3.2: |
Coulometric titration: the system LiAl / 3.3.3: |
Intermetallic compounds: the system LiSb / 3.3.4: |
Measurements at room temperatures: CuZn / 3.3.5: |
Ad-Atoms and Underpotential Deposition / 4: |
The Thermodynamic Description of the Interphase / 4.1: |
The electrochemical double layer / 4.1.1: |
Ideally polarizable electrodes / 4.1.2: |
Electrocapillary curves / 4.1.3: |
Adsorption isotherms / 4.1.4: |
Reversible electrodes / 4.1.5: |
Partial charge and electrosorption valency / 4.1.6: |
Thermodynamics of solid electrolyte interfaces / 4.1.7: |
Principal Methods for the Investigation of the Electrochemical Double Layer / 4.2: |
Measurement of capacitance / 4.2.1: |
Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry / 4.2.2: |
Determination of the adsorbed mass / 4.2.3: |
Scanning tunneling microscopy and related methods / 4.2.4: |
Ad-Atoms / 4.3: |
Adsorption and desorption of ad-atoms / 4.3.1: |
Equilibrium ad-atom concentration / 4.3.2: |
Surface diffusion of ad-atoms / 4.3.3: |
Underpotential Deposition / 4.4: |
Lead on silver / 4.4.1: |
Copper on Au / 4.4.2: |
Underpotential deposition as two-dimensional phase formation / 4.4.3: |
Multiple steps of UPD film formation / 4.4.4: |
Mass Transport / 5: |
Stationary Diffusion / 5.1: |
Non-Stationary Diffusion / 5.2: |
Chronopotentiometry / 5.2.1: |
Chronoamperometry, chronocoulometry / 5.2.2: |
Warburg impedance / 5.2.3: |
Cyclic voltammetry / 5.2.4: |
Microelectrodes / 5.2.5: |
Diffusion in Solid Phases / 5.3: |
Potentiostatic method / 5.3.1: |
Galvanostatic method / 5.3.2: |
Methods to Control Diffusion Overpotential / 5.4: |
Rotating-disc electrode / 5.4.1: |
Rotating ring-disc electrodes / 5.4.2: |
Rotating-cylinder electrodes / 5.4.3: |
Charge Transfer / 6: |
Electron Transfer / 6.1: |
Butler-Volmer equation / 6.1.1: |
Tafel lines / 6.1.2: |
Charge transfer resistance / 6.1.3: |
Theories of electron transfer / 6.1.4: |
Electrochemical Reaction Orders / 6.2: |
Determination of electrochemical reaction orders from Tafel lines / 6.2.1: |
Determination of electrochemical reaction orders from the charge transfer resistance / 6.2.2: |
Ion Transfer / 6.3: |
Charge Transfer and Mass Transport / 6.4: |
Elimination of diffusion overpotential with a rotating disc electrode / 6.4.1: |
Elimination of diffusion contribution to the overpotential in chronoamperometry and chronopotentiometry / 6.4.2: |
Elimination of diffusion contributions to the overpotential by impedance spectroscopy / 6.4.3: |
Nucleation and Growth of Metals / 7: |
Nucleation / 7.1: |
Three-dimensional nucleation / 7.1.1: |
Two-dimensional nucleation / 7.1.2: |
Rate of nucleation / 7.1.3: |
Instantaneous and progressive nucleation / 7.1.4: |
Intermediate States of Electrodeposition / 7.2: |
Crystallization overpotential / 7.2.1: |
Surface Dynamics / 7.3: |
Residence time in kink site positions / 7.3.1: |
Calculation of the residence time / 7.3.2: |
Density of Kink Site Positions / 7.4: |
Equilibrium conditions / 7.4.1: |
Deposition conditions / 7.4.2: |
Experimental Investigations of Electrodeposition / 7.5: |
Electrodeposition on amalgam electrodes / 7.5.1: |
Investigations on solid electrodes / 7.5.2: |
Applications of electrodeposition from aqueous solvents / 7.5.3: |
Parallel reactions / 7.5.4: |
Deposition From Non-Aqueous Solvents / 7.6: |
Aluminum deposition from a molten salt / 7.6.1: |
Aluminum deposition from an organic electrolyte / 7.6.2: |
Aluminum deposition from ionic liquids / 7.6.3: |
Additives / 7.7: |
Adsorption, the hard-soft concept / 7.7.1: |
Influence of additives on deposition at different crystallographic faces / 7.7.2: |
Anodic stripping to study additive behavior / 7.7.3: |
Optical Spectroscopy to Study Metal Deposition / 7.8: |
Raman spectroscopy on silver in cyanide electrolytes / 7.8.1: |
Raman spectroscopy of organic additives / 7.8.2: |
Deposition of Alloys / 8: |
Deposition Potential and Equilibrium Potential / 8.1: |
Alloy Nucleation and Growth: The Partial Current Concept / 8.2: |
Brenner's Alloy Classification / 8.3: |
Mixed Potential Theory / 8.4: |
Surface Selectivity in Alloy Deposition / 8.5: |
Kink site positions of alloys / 8.5.1: |
Rate of separation and residence times / 8.5.2: |
Residence time and structure of alloys / 8.5.3: |
Markov Chain Theory; Definition of the Probability Matrix / 8.6: |
Equilibrium of the crystallization process / 8.6.1: |
Rate controlled processes / 8.6.2: |
Determination of selectivity constants / 8.6.3: |
Alloy characterization by selectivity constants / 8.6.4: |
Selectivity constants and residence times in kink site positions / 8.6.5: |
Experimental Examples / 8.7: |
The cobalt-iron alloy system / 8.7.1: |
Cobalt-nickel / 8.7.2: |
Iron-nickel / 8.7.3: |
Induced electrodeposition: the NiMo system / 8.7.4: |
Ternary Systems / 8.8: |
Kink site positions of ternary systems / 8.8.1: |
The Markov chain theory for ternary systems / 8.8.2: |
Example: prediction of the composition of CoFeNi alloys / 8.8.3: |
Oxides and Semiconductors / 9: |
Electrochemical Properties of a Semiconductor / 9.1: |
Band model of a semiconductor / 9.1.1: |
Semiconductor-electrolyte contact / 9.1.2: |
Gap states and surface states / 9.1.3: |
Current-potential curves / 9.1.4: |
Space-charge capacitance / 9.1.5: |
Photoelectrochemistry of Semiconductors / 9.2: |
Photocurrents / 9.2.1: |
Intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS) / 9.2.2: |
Photopotentials and photopotential transients / 9.2.3: |
Spectroscopic Methods / 9.3: |
In situ spectroscopic methods / 9.3.1: |
In situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) / 9.3.2: |
In situ Mossbauer spectroscopy / 9.3.3: |
Ex situ methods / 9.3.4: |
Microscopy / 9.4: |
Oxide Particles / 9.5: |
Batteries / 9.5.1: |
Lithium ion batteries / 9.5.2: |
TiO[subscript 2]-based photovoltaic cells / 9.5.3: |
Catalytic activity of oxide particles / 9.5.4: |
Oxide Layers / 9.6: |
Electrochemical Deposition of Semiconductors / 9.7: |
Corrosion and Corrosion Protection / 10: |
Corrosion / 10.1: |
Fundamental processes / 10.1.1: |
Mechanism of metal dissolution / 10.1.2: |
Mechanisms of compensation reactions / 10.1.3: |
Iron and steel / 10.1.4: |
Metallurgical aspects of iron and steel / 10.1.5: |
Copper / 10.1.6: |
Zinc / 10.1.7: |
Corrosion products / 10.1.8: |
Corrosion of alloys / 10.1.9: |
Corrosion Protection / 10.2: |
Passivity / 10.2.1: |
Cathodic protection / 10.2.2: |
Corrosion inhibition / 10.2.3: |
Phosphatizing / 10.2.4: |
Chromatizing / 10.2.5: |
Corrosion protection by surface coatings / 10.2.6: |
Intrinsically Conducting Polymers / 11: |
Chemical Synthesis / 11.1: |
Electrochemical Synthesis and Surface Film Formation / 11.2: |
Film Formation with Adhesion Promoters / 11.3: |
Ion Transport During Oxidation-Reduction / 11.4: |
Analyzing oxidation-reduction cycles using QCMB / 11.4.1: |
Electrical and Optical Film Properties / 11.5: |
Impedance of conducting polymers / 11.5.1: |
Neutral state properties / 11.5.2: |
Photoelectrochemical properties / 11.5.3: |
Polaron-bipolaron model of conducting polymers / 11.5.4: |
Spectro-electrochemical methods / 11.5.5: |
Copolymerization / 11.6: |
Mechanism of copolymerization / 11.6.1: |
Structure analysis of copolymers / 11.6.2: |
Properties of copolymers / 11.6.3: |
Corrosion Protection by Intrinsically Conducting Polymers / 11.7: |
Film formation on non-noble metals / 11.7.1: |
Kinetic experiments of corrosion protection / 11.7.2: |
Role of anions for a possible corrosion protection of conducting polymers / 11.7.3: |
Nanoelectrochemistry / 12: |
Going to Atomic Dimensions / 12.1: |
Co-Deposition / 12.2: |
Particle dispersions / 12.2.1: |
Determination of the zeta potential / 12.2.2: |
Factors influencing zeta potential and particle properties / 12.2.3: |
Properties of the metal surface / 12.2.4: |
Process parameters influencing the incorporation / 12.2.5: |
Mechanistic models / 12.2.6: |
General concepts for the development of a model / 12.2.7: |
Examples / 12.2.8: |
Compositionally Modulated Multi-Layers / 12.3: |
Plating of multi-layers / 12.3.1: |
Examples of multi-layers / 12.3.2: |
Core-Shell Composites / 12.4: |
Preparation procedure / 12.4.1: |
Particle characterization: applications / 12.4.2: |
Index |