| Preface |
| Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION |
| 1.1 The Nature of Shock Waves, 3 |
| 1.2 Compaction of Powders and Shock Activation, 6 |
| 1.3 First-Order Phase Transitions and Chemical Reactions, 10 |
| 1.4 Time Scales and Interactions of Basic Mechanisms, 12 |
| 1.4.1 Shock propagation in a particle assemblage, 12 |
| 1.4.2 Energy localization, 12 |
| 1.4.3 Thermal relaxation of hot spots, 14 |
| 1.4.4 Mass diffusion in solids, 14 |
| 1.4.5 Kinetic constants, 14 |
| 1.5 Some Roles of Shock Compression Techniques in Material Sciences Study, 16 |
| 1.5.1 Shock Compression Techniques as a tool of high pressure production, 16 |
| 1.5.2 Appearance of diamond anvil-type high-pressure apparatus, 16 |
| 1.5.3 New roles of Shock Compression Technology as a unique method of very high temperature production, 18 |
| 1.5.4 Development of conventional hypervelocity impact techniques for precise measurement of materials under shock compression, 19 |
| Chapter 2 FUNDAMENTALS OF SHOCK WAVE PROPAGATION |
| 2.1 Hydrodynamic Jump Conditions and the Hugoniot Curve, 23 |
| 2.2 Shock Transition in Hydrodynamic Solids, 32 |
| 2.3 Non-Hydrostatic Deformation of Solids, 42 |
| 2.3.1 Elastic-ideally-plastic solids, 42 |
| 2.3.2 Experimental observations of elastic-plastic behavior, 53 |
| 2.4 Wave-body interactions, 56 |
| 2.4.1 Preliminaries, 57 |
| 2.4.2 Planar impact of similar and dissimilar bodies, 60 |
| 2.4.3 Shock wave interaction with material boundaries, 61 |
| 2.4.4 Wave-wave interactions, 65 |
| 2.4.5 Detonation wave and interaction with a solid surface 66 |
| Chapter 3 SHOCK COMPRESSION TECHNOLOGY |
| 3.1 Gun Techniques, 80 |
| 3.1.1 Single stage gun, 80 |
| 3.1.2 Conventional two stage light gas gun, 80 |
| 3.1.3 Velocity measurement of projectile, 83 |
| 3.1.4 Magnetoflyer method, 83 |
| 3.1.5 CW x-ray velocity meter, 84 |
| 3.1.6 Measurement of interior projectile motion, 86 |
| 3.1.7 Recovery experiments, 87 |
| 3.2 Explosive Techniques, 89 |
| 3.2.1 Plane shock wave generation and recovery fixture、 89 |
| 3.2.2 Numerical simulaation of shock compression in the recovery capsule, 91 |
| 3.2.3 Cylindrical recovery fixture, 94 |
| 3.3 In-situ Measurements, 95 |
| 3.3.1 Manganin pressure gauge, 95 |
| 3.3.2 Particle velocity gauge, 99 |
| 3.3.3 Observations of multiple shock reverberations by using a manganin pressure gauge and particle velocity gauge, 100 |
| 3.3.4 Shock temperature measurement, 106 |
| 3.3.5 Copper-Constantan thermocouple as a temperature and pressure gauge, 111 |
| Chapter 4 THERMOMECHANICS OF POWDER COMPACTION AND MASS MIXING |
| 4.1 A One Dimensional Particulate Model, 117 |
| 4.2 Continuum Models, 123 |
| 4.2.1 Hydrodynamic models, 124 |
| 4.2.2 Continuum plasticity theory, 141 |
| 4.2.3 Application, 148 |
| 4.3 Particle Bonding and Heterogeneous Processes, 154 |
| 4.4 Mass Mixing, 160 |
| Chapter 5 THERMOCHEMISTRY OF HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURES |
| 5.1 Thermodynamic Functions of Heterogeneous Mixtures, 172 |
| 5.2 Analytical Equations of State, 187 |
| 5.3 Hugoniots of Inert Mixtures, 191 |
| 5.3.1 Thermodynamically equilibrium models, 191 |
| 5.3.2 Mechanical models, 197 |
| 5.4 First-Order Phase Transitions, 199 |
| 5.5 Chemical Equilibria, 206 |
| 5.6 Reaction Kinetics, 212 |
| 5.6.1 Rate equations, 212 |
| 5.6.2 Nucleation, 214 |
| 5.6.3 Growth, 216 |
| 5.6.4 Pressure effects, 217 |
| 5.7 Shock-Induced Reactions in Powder Mixtures, 218 |
| Chapter 6 HYDRODYNAMICAL CALCULATIONS |
| 6.1 Conservation Equations of Continuum Flow, 227 |
| 6.1.1 Mass conservation, 228 |
| 6.1.2 Conservation of linear momentum, 230 |
| 6.1.3 Enegy conservation, 231 |
| 6.2 Constitutive Modeling of Inorganic Shock Chemistry, 234 |
| 6.2.1 VIR model, 235 |
| 6.2.2 Pore collapse, 239 |
| 6.2.3 Chemical kinetics, 239 |
| 6.2.4 Computational constitutive reactions, 240 |
| 6.3 Applications of the VIR Model, 245 |
| 6.3.1 Shock wave profiles in Ni/Al powder mixtures, 245 |
| 6.3.2 Compaction of diamond with Si and graphite, 250 |
| 6.4 Continuum Mixture Theory and the VIR Model, 257 |
| 6.4.1 Continuum mixture theory, 257 |
| 6.4.2 Derivation of the VIR model using the CMT, 263 |
| 6.4.3 A model of heterogeneous flow, 269 |
| Chapter 7 SHOCK CONDITIONING AND PROCESSING OF CERAMICS |
| 7.1 Shock Conditioning of Powder of Inorganic Materials, 277 |
| 7.1.1 Brief review of shock conditioning studies, 277 |
| 7.1.2 Aluminum oxide powder, 277 |
| 7.2 Shock Synthesis of Inorganic Materials, 281 |
| 7.2.1 Shock synthesis studies, 281 |
| 7.2.2 High dense forms of carbon, 281 |
| 7.2.3 High dense forms of boron nitride, 285 |
| 7.2.4 Shock treatment of boron nitride powders, 287 |
| 7.3 Shock Consolidation of Ceramic Powders, 301 |
| 7.3.1 Why non-oxide ceramics?, 301 |
| 7.3.2 Dynamic consolidation of SiC powders, 302 |
| 7.3.3 Approach to the fabrication of crack free compacts, 304 |
| 7.3.4 Shock consolidation of SiC powder utilizing post shock heating by exothermic reaction, 305 |
| 7.4 Dynamic Compaction of Zinc Blende Type Boron Nitride and Diamond Powders, 310 |
| 7.4.1 Back ground, 310 |
| 7.4.2 Cubic boron nitride, 311 |
| 7.4.3 Diamond, 318 |
| 7.4.4 Diamond composites obtained by utilizzing exothermic chemical reaction, 326 |
| 7.5 Very High Pressure Sintering of Shock Treated Powders, 332 |
| 7.5.1 Silicon nitride, 334 |
| 7.5.2 w-BN, 336 |
| 7.6 Rapid Condensation of High Temperature Ultrasupersaturated Gas, 347 |
| 7.6.1 Silicon nitride, 347 |
| 7.6.2 Carbon, 352 |
| Index, 361 |
| Preface |
| Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION |
| 1.1 The Nature of Shock Waves, 3 |
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