| Molecular Basis of Fc Receptor Function / M.D. Hulett ; P.M. Hogarth |
| Fas and Fas Ligand: A Death Factor and Its Receptor / S. Nagata |
| Interleukin-5 and Its Receptor System: Implications in the Immune System and Inflammation / K. Takatsu ; S. Takaki ; Y. Hitoshi |
| Human Antibodies from Combinatorial Libraries / D.R. Burton ; C.F. Barbas, III |
| Immune Response against Tumors / C. Roth ; C. Rochlitz ; P. Kourilsky |
| Formation of the Chicken B-Cell Repertoire: Ontogenesis, Regulation of Ig Gene Rearrangement and Diversification by Gene Conversion / C.-A. Reynaud ; B. Bertocci ; A. Dahan ; J.-C. Weill |
| Subject Index |
| Contents of Volumes 66-82 |
| Cumulative Subject Indexes for 66-82 |
| Contributors to Volumes 66-82 |
| Contributors |
| Fate Decisions Regulating Bone Marrow and Peripheral B Lymphocyte Development / John G. Monroe ; Kenneth Dorshkind1： |
| Introduction |
| B Lymphocyte Development in the Bone Marrow / 2： |
| Development of Immature B Cells in the Bone Marrow and Periphery / 3： |
| BCR-Dependent Signaling and Fate Decisions by Bone Marrow and Peripheral Immature B Lymphocytes / 4： |
| BCR Signaling During the Transitional to Mature B-Lymphocyte Transition / 5： |
| Peripheral B Lymphocyte Survival: Synergy Between BCR and BAFF-R Signaling / 6： |
| Development of FO and MZ Mature B Lymphocytes / 7： |
| Concluding Remarks / 8： |
| Acknowledgments |
| References |
| Tolerance and Autoimmunity: Lessons at the Bedside of Primary Immunodeficiencies / Magda Carneiro-Sampaio ; Antonio Coutinho |
| PIDs Systematically Associated with Clinical AI |
| PIDs Strongly Associated with Clinical AI |
| PIDs that Are Mildly Associated with Clinical AI |
| PIDs that Are Not Associated with AID |
| B-Cell Self-Tolerance in Humans / Hedda Wardemann ; Michel C. Nussenzweig |
| Antibody Diversity |
| Antibodies and Self-Tolerance |
| Marginal Zone B Cells |
| B-Cell Memory |
| Manipulation of Regulatory T-Cell Number and Function with CD28-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies / Thomas Hunig |
| Aims of this Review |
| Positive and Negative Regulation of T-Cell Responses by the CD28/CTLA-4 System |
| The Importance of CD28 and CTLA-4 for the Generation and Homeostasis of Treg Cells |
| Manipulating the CD28 Pathway: General Considerations |
| Conventional and Superagonistic mAb To the Costimulatory Receptor CD28 |
| In Vitro Expansion of Treg Cells with the Help of CD28-Specific mAb |
| In Vivo Effects of Conventional CD28-Specific mAb |
| In Vivo Effects of CD28 Superagonists: Predominance of Treg-Cell Activation |
| Treatment of Autoimmune and Inflammatory Model Diseases with CD28 Superagonists / 9： |
| TGN1412-A Superagonistic mAb to Human CD28 / 10： |
| Conclusions / 11： |
| Osteoimmunology: A View from the Bone / Jean-Pierre David |
| Opening Remarks: The Old and the New |
| Osteoimmunology: A Developmental Encounter |
| The TNF Superfamily: A Developmental Link Between Bone and Immune System |
| IFNs: Linking Bone Homeostasis to Immunity and T Cells |
| B Cells and Bone |
| A Bone Quality Control of the Immune Response |
| Mast Cell Proteases / Gunnar Pejler ; Magnus Abrink ; Maria Ringvall ; Sara Wernersson |
| Expression of MC Proteases |
| Genetic Organization and Regulation of Transcription |
| Evolution of MC Proteases |
| Protein Organization and Processing |
| Three-Dimensional Structure |
| Cleavage Specificity |
| Interaction of MC Proteases with PGs: Implications for Storage, Activity, and Processing |
| Substrates for MC Proteases |
| In Vivo Function |
| MC Protease Inhibitors |
| Summary and Future Perspectives / 13： |
| Index |
| Content of Recent Volumes |
| A Reappraisal of Humoral Immunity Based on Mechanisms of Antibody-Mediated |
| Protection Against Intracellular Pathogens Accessibility Control of V(D)J Recombination |
| Targeting Integrin Structure and Function in Disease |
| Endogenous TLR-ligands and Autoimmunity Genetic Analysis of Innate |
| Immunity TIM family of genes in Immunity and Tolerance |
| Inhibition of Inflammatory Responses by Leukocyte Ig-like Receptors |
| Engineered cellular vaccines |
| Blockade of T cell checkpoints |
| Serex in the identification of target antigens |
| New approaches to tumor immunotherapy |
| Melanoma antigens |
| Antibodies and chimeric molecules |
| Tumor Immunosurveillance |
| Dendritic Cells |
| Strategies for Tumor |
| Vaccination DNA vaccines |
| Preface |
| Discovery of Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase, the Engraver of Antibody Memory / Masamichi Muramatsu ; Hitoshi Nagaoka ; Reiko Shinkura ; Nasim A. Begum ; Tasuku Honjo |
| Abstract |
| Identification of AID as a Key Molecule in CSR and SHM |
| AID Is the Only B-Cell-Specific Factor Required for Both CSR and SHM |
| Functional Domains of AID |
| AID Is Involved in a DNA Cleavage Step |
| Major Hypotheses for the Action of AID |
| Critical Examination of the DNA Deamination Model |
| Evidence for a Novel Function of UNG in CSR |
| Conclusion |
| DNA Deamination in Immunity: AID in the Context of Its APOBEC Relatives / Silvestro G. Conticello ; Marc-Andre Langlois ; Zizhen Yang ; Michael S. Neuberger |
| AID: The DNA Deaminase Trigger for Antibody Diversification |
| The Zn-Dependent Deaminase Superfamily |
| Timeline of AID/APOBEC Evolution |
| APOBEC1: An RNA-Editing Enzyme That Can Also Act on DNA |
| APOBEC2: A Muscle-Specific Family Member of Unknown Function/Activity |
| APOBEC4: A Distant or Ancestral Member of the AID/APOBEC Family |
| APOBEC3s: DNA Deaminases Active in Viral Restriction |
| The Role of Activation-Induced Deaminase in Antibody Diversification and Chromosome Translocations / Almudena Ramiro ; Bernardo Reina San-Martin ; Kevin McBride ; Mila Jankovic ; Vasco Barreto ; Andre Nussenzweig |
| Events Preceding the DNA Lesion |
| The DNA Lesion |
| DNA Damage Detection and Resolution During CSR |
| AID and Lymphomagenic Lesions |
| Conclusions and Perspectives |
| Targeting of AID-Mediated Sequence Diversification by cis-Acting Determinants / Shu Yuan Yang ; David G. Schatz |
| The Link Between Transcription and AID-Mediated Sequence Diversification |
| Other cis-Acting Determinants Involved in the Targeting of AID |
| Future Outlook |
| AID-Initiated Purposeful Mutations in Immunoglobulin Genes / Myron F. Goodman ; Matthew D. Scharff ; Floyd E. Romesberg |
| Biochemical Basis of C Deamination by APOBEC Enzymes |
| How and Why Might AID-Specific Mutations Be Targeted? |
| Selection of AID-Induced Mutations During Ab Maturation |
| Evolution of the Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Class Switch Recombination Mechanism / Jayanta Chaudhuri ; Uttiya Basu ; Ali Zarrin ; Catherine Yan ; Sonia Franco ; Thomas Perlot ; Bao Vuong ; Jing Wang ; Ryan T. Phan ; Abhishek Datta ; John Manis ; Frederick W. Alt |
| Overview of Genetic Alterations in B Lymphocytes |
| Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase |
| Role of Germ Line Transcription and Switch Regions in CSR |
| Posttranscriptional Regulation of AID |
| Mechanisms Involved in Synapsis of AID Initiated DSBs in Widely Separated S Regions |
| General DNA Repair Systems in the Joining Phase of CSR |
| Evolution of CSR |
| Beyond SHM and CSR: AID and Related Cytidine Deaminases in the Host Response to Viral Infection / Brad R. Rosenberg ; F. Nina Papavasiliou |
| Evolution of the AID/APOBEC Cytidine Deaminase Family |
| APOBEC3: A Subfamily of Antiviral Cytidine Deaminases |
| AID in the Host Response to Viral Infection |
| Role of AID in Tumorigenesis / Il-mi Okazaki ; Ai Kotani |
| AID Transgenic Mouse Models |
| Role of AID in Chromosomal Translocation and Subsequent Lymphomagenesis |
| AID Expression in Human B-Cell Malignancies |
| Mechanism of AID Expression in Normal and Malignant B Cells |
| AID Expression in Normal and Malignant Nonlymphoid Cells |
| Pathophysiology of B-Cell Intrinsic Immunoglobulin Class Switch Recombination Deficiencies / Anne Durandy ; Nadine Taubenheim ; Sophie Peron ; Alain Fischer |
| Ig-CSR Deficiency Type 1 Caused by Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase Deficiency |
| Ig-CSR Deficiency Type 2 Caused by UNG Deficiency |
| Molecularly Undefined Ig-CSR Deficiency with Normal SHM |
| Contents of Recent Volumes |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Multiple Immunological Phenotypes in a Complex Genetic Disease / Anna-Marie Fairhurst ; Amy E. Wandstrat ; Edward K. Wakeland |
| Immunological Alterations in SLE |
| Genetics of SLE Susceptibility in Humans |
| Murine Models of SLE |
| Modeling Disease Development |
| Avian Models with Spontaneous Autoimmune Diseases / Georg Wick ; Leif Andersson ; Karel Hala ; M. Eric Gershwin ; Carlo Selmi ; Gisela F. Erf ; Susan J. Lamont ; Roswitha Sgonc |
| Chicken Genomics and Its Application to the Genetic Dissection of Autoimmune Disorders |
| The OS Chicken: Model for Human Hashimoto Disease |
| The UCD-200 Line of Chickens: A Model for Human Systemic Sclerosis |
| The SL Chicken Model for Human Autoimmune Vitiligo |
| Conclusions and Outlook |
| Functional Dynamics of Naturally Occurring Regulatory T Cells in Health and Autoimmunity / Megan K. Levings ; Sarah Allan ; Eva d'Hennezel ; Ciriaco A. Piccirillo |
| Phenotype of CD4[superscript +]CD25[superscript +] nTreg Cells |
| Factors Regulating the Expansion and Specificity of nTreg Cells |
| Innate and Adaptive Inflammatory Signals Dictating the Function of nTreg Cells |
| Growth Factor-Mediated Control of nTreg Cell Development, Function, and Homeostasis |
| Control of Autoimmune Responses by nTreg Cells |
| Summary and Conclusions |
| BTLA and HVEM Cross Talk Regulates Inhibition and Costimulation / Maya Gavrieli ; John Sedy ; Christopher A. Nelson ; Kenneth M. Murphy |
| Overview of BTLA and HVEM Ligand Discovery |
| Structural Characterization of BTLA Bound to HVEM |
| Viral Modulators of the HVEM-BTLA Pathway |
| Expression and Regulation of BTLA, LIGHT, and HVEM on T Cells and APCs |
| Mechanisms of the CD28 Family Inhibitory Receptors |
| Consequences of HVEM Ligation |
| BTLA and HVEM in Models of Disease |
| The Human T Cell Response to Melanoma Antigens / Pedro Romero ; Jean-Charles Cerottini ; Daniel E. Speiser |
| Melanoma Antigens |
| Measurement of Antigen-Specific T Cell Responses |
| Naturally Acquired Tumor Antigen-Specific T Cell Responses |
| Vaccine-Induced T Cell Responses |
| Regulation of Tumor Antigen-Specific T Cell Responses |
| Antigen Presentation and the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System in Host-Pathogen Interactions / Joana Loureiro ; Hidde L. Ploegh |
| Host-Pathogen Interactions |
| Manipulation of the Host Response by Pathogens: Some General Considerations |
| Antigen Presentation |
| Class I MHC Antigen Presentation |
| Pathogen Recognition by CD8[superscript +] T Cells and NK Cells |
| Class II MHC Antigen Presentation |
| Ubiquitin-Proteasome System |
| The Ubiquitin Conjugation Cascade |
| Ubiquitin Ligases |
| Ubiquitin Chains and Ubiquitin-Like Modifiers (Ubls) |
| Deubiquitinating Enzymes |
| The Proteasome / 12： |
| ER Quality Control and Degradation |
| ERAD Substrate Recognition / 14： |
| ERAD E3 Ligases / 15： |
| Mammalian ERAD E3s / 16： |
| The Elusive Dislocon / 17： |
| Driving Dislocation and the Ub-Binding Route to the Proteasome / 18： |
| Peptide N-Glycanase / 19： |
| Viral Interference with Class I MHC Antigen Presentation / 20： |
| Human Cytomegalovirus / 21： |
| HCMV Interference with Class I MHC Antigen Presentation / 22： |
| Dislocation from the ER: HCMV US11 and US2 / 23： |
| Signal Peptide Peptidase Is Required for Dislocation from the ER / 24： |
| SPP and Generation of HLA-E Epitopes / 25： |
| SPP and Processing of the Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein / 26： |
| SPP and Calmodulin Signaling / 27： |
| SPP Peptide Peptidase and Development / 28： |
| SPP and ER Quality Control / 29： |
| Three Routes of Pathogen-Mediated ER Protein Disposal / 30： |
| Pathogen Interference with Class II MHC Antigen Presentation / 31： |
| Inhibition of Recognition at the Surface of the APC / 32： |
| Class II MHC Downregulation from the Surface of the APC / 33： |
| CD4 Downregulation from the Surface of the CD4[superscript +] T Cell / 34： |
| Pathogen Manipulation of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System / 35： |
| Interference with Proteasomal Proteolysis / 36： |
| Control of Infection / 37： |
| Virus Budding / 38： |
| Bacterial Chromosome Integration / 39： |
| ISGylation and deISGylation / 40： |
| Control of Inflammation / 41： |
| Posttranscriptional Gene Silencing / 42： |
| Downregulation of Cell Surface Receptors by Pathogen-Encoded E3s / 43： |
| Programmed Cell Death in Plants / 44： |
| Cytokine Responses / 45： |
| Pathogen-Encoded DUBs / 46： |
| Conclusions and Future Directions / 47： |
| C-Kit Receptor Ligand / M.D. Cooper ; Its Receptor ; J.C. Renauld et al |
| The Janus Protein Tyrosine Kinase Family and Its Role in Cytokine Signaling / S.M. Lewis T.R. Mosmann ; E.B. Kopp |
| IL8 and Related Chemotactic Cytokines / C. van Kooten ; H. Karasuyama ; K. Tanaka ; L.B. Justement J. Hammer ; J.S. Malter G. Kroemer ; H.-R. Rodewald ; D.M. Willerford ; Bernard Malissen ; K. Ishizaka |
| TGF-B Receptors / N. Ramesh ; Membrane Lipid Microdomains ; R.P. Bucy ; J.M. Woof ; D.P. Gearing ; S. Akira et al |
| Properties Functions of Interleukin-10 |
| Proteasomes and Antigen Processing / S. Ghosh D.T. Weaver ; J ; A. Rolink |
| B Cell Activation / T. Sturniolo ; J.M. Penninger ; F. Alt ; B.H. Nelson G. Trinchieri ; Laurence Ardouin ; Y. Ishii |
| The Mechanism of V(D)J Joining |
| Banchereault, CD40-CD40 Ligand / R.S. Geha |
| Human Antibody Effector Function / A.G. Bassuk ; T Cell signal Transduction ; Avian T Cell Ontogeny |
| The Leukemia Inhibitory Factor |
| Interleukin-6 Biology and Medicine |
| CD5+B Cells |
| Lessons from Molecular, Immunologicaland Comparative |
| NF-kB and Rel Proteins in Innate Immunity |
| Mrnas Relevant to T-Cell Function / Pair ; F ; F. Sinigaglia |
| The Biology of the Interlukin-2 Receptor / J.R. Gorman |
| The Biology of the Interleukin-2 Receptor |
| NK Cell Mediated Allorecognition / Shih-Yao Lin ; T. Nakano ; E.V. Rothenberg ; CD8 in T Cell Activation ; B.L. Kotzin et al |
| A Multifunctional Receptor-Ligand / S.J. Anderson ; P. Kisielow ; J.N. Ihle |
| Melcherslt |
| Imice Lacking Class I MHC Genes / J.M. Leiden ; R.B. Lobell ; C.B. Thompson ; S.C.P. Morley ; J.J. CohenC.B. ThompsonT.H. Rabbitts |
| J. Stavnezerlt |
| Surrogate Light Chain in B Cell Development |
| The Role of CD45 in Signal Transduction |
| Molecular and Cellular Events in Early Thymocyte Development |
| The Development of Functionally Responsive T Cells / Anne Gillet ; K. Sugielt M. Carrolllt |
| Interleukin-9 / Differentiation |
| Mice Lacking Class II MHC Genes |
| R. Fuleihan / S.D. Levin ; H. von Boehmer |
| M. Gellert, Recent Advances in Understanding V(D)J / L.M. Karnitz ; T.M. Foy |
| The Pharmacology of T-Cell Apoptosis / C.E. Hack |
| X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia and Immunoglobulin Deficiency with Normal or ElevatedIgM: Immunodeficiencies of B Cell Development and Differentiation / N. Isakov ; A.J. Minn ; B.E. Bierer ; T. Boehm ; H. Yagita ; M.C. Miceli ; W.P. Arend |
| Prenylation of Ras GTPase Superfamily Proteins and Their Function in / T.H. Hansen |
| Biochemical Basis of Antigen-Specific Suppressor T Cells Factors / Marie Malissen |
| V(D)J Recombination and Double-Strand Break Repair |
| Regulation of Ig Light Chain Isotype Expression / N. Inoue ; R.T. Abrahamlt ; R.J. Noellelt ; L.A. Aarden ; F. Momburg |
| The Role of Complement in B Cell Activation and Tolerance D. Nemazeelt / R.E. Swain |
| The Actin Cytoskeleton |
| Programmed Cell Death in The Immune SystemC.-I.H. Chen |
| Superantigens and Their Potential Role in Human Disease / M. Nakata ; J.R. Parnes |
| Amon Altman and Marcel Derkert, The Functions of Small GTPases in Signaling by Immune Recognition and Other Leukocyte Receptors / G. Kroemer ; D.R. Lee ; G.J. Arlaud |
| Antibody Class Switching / B. Moser ; T. Harder ; D.E. Mosier ; R.L. Coffman et al ; R.M ; J. Takeda |
| L. Clark |
| The Role of CD4 / L.G. Thijis ; G.J. Hammerling ; A. Ma ; Jeffery V. Ravetch ; A. Kawasaki |
| Analyses |
| Development and Selection of T Cells: Facts and Puzzles |
| The Role of Ets Transcription Factors in the Development and Function of Mammalian Immune System / M.K. Liszewski ; D.E. Mosierlt |
| Raft Membrane Domains and Immunoreceptor Functions / Y. Xu ; and P. Loetscherlt |
| Structural and Functional Chimerism Results from Chromosomal Translocation in Lymphoid Tumors |
| Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist |
| T. Kinoshita / K.L. Knight ; G.-K. Sim |
| HLA Class II Peptide Binding Specificity and Autoimmunity / M. Salmi |
| Immunobiology |
| Interleukin-12: A Cytokine at the Interface of Inflammation and Immunity |
| Adoptive Transfer of Human Lymphoid Cells to Severely Immunodeficient Mice: Models for Normal Human Immune Function / Silvia Bolland ; J.T. Schroeder |
| Defective Glycosyl Phosphatidylinositol Anchor Synthesis and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria / Y. Shinkai ; J. Lesley et al. CD44 and Its Interaction with the Extracellular Matrix |
| CD40 and Its Ligand / T.C. Farries |
| Recent Progress on the Regulation of Apoptosis by Bcl-2 Family Members / C.N. Metz ; T. Brocker ; J.E. ; H. Okamura |
| Receptor Editing in B Cells M. Baggiolini |
| Autoimmunity |
| The Pharmacology of T Cell Apoptosis / F. Melchers ; Sakaguchi et al ; M.A |
| Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection of Human Cells Transplanted to / G.A. Oliveira |
| Function of the CD3 Subunits of the Pre-TCR and TCR Complexes During T-Cell Development / S. Jalkanen ; Volanakis ; A. Oxenius |
| The Mechanism and Regulation of Immunoglobulin Isotype Switching / F.M. Marincola ; D.W. MacGlashan Jr. ; and K. Okumura |
| Perlmutter and Involvement of the Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56lck in T Cell Signaling and Thymocyte Development |
| Severe Combined Immunodeficient Mice / B.A. Imhof ; D.M. Lublin |
| Inhibitory Pathways Triggered by ITIM-Containing Receptors / R. Bucala ; K. Karjalainen ; V. Rossi ; H. Tsutsui |
| B Lymphopoiesis in the Mouse |
| Mechanism of Class I Assembly with (2m and Loading with Peptide / D.N. Scott ; A. Gaur ; J.M. Calvo-Calle ; A. Rebollo |
| Role of Perforin in Lymphocyte-Mediated Cytolysis / R.M. Zinkernagel ; Yang Xu ; E. Jaffee ; L.M. Lichtenstein ; J.L. Andreu |
| Compartmentalization of the Peripheral Immune System |
| The Roleof Cytokines in Sepsis / D. Dunon ; I.A. Rooney ; N. Nishimoto |
| Generation and TAP-mediated Transport of Peptides for MHC Class I Molecules |
| Immunoglobulin Receptor (IgR)-Associated Molecules / N.M. Thielens ; S. Kashiwamura ; F. Schriever |
| ATM in Lymphoid Development and Tumorigenesis / C.G. Fathman ; R.S. Nussenzweig ; J. Gomezlt ; A.P. Kaplan ; A.J. McNight ; H. Hengartner |
| Human Basophils: Mediator Release and Cytokine Production / D.J. Hicklinlt |
| Analysis of B-Cell Tolerance in vitro / J.A. Gonzalo |
| Intraepithelial Lymphocytes and the Immune System |
| Crane and Generating the Antibody Repertoire in Rabbit / J.P. Atkinsonlt ; S. Suematsu ; S.V.L. Narayana ; T. Yoshimoto ; Lisa A. Harris ; S. Tsukada ; L.M. Nadler ; E. Cuende |
| E.H. Nardin / G. Dranoff |
| C. Martinez-A. |
| Interleukin-18 (IL-18): A Novel Cytokine that Augments Both Innate and Acquired Immunity / K. Joseph ; S. Gordon |
| Chemokines and Their Receptors in Lymphocyte Traffic and HIV Infection S. Ferrone |
| The Use of Multiple Antigen Peptides in the Analysis and Induction of Protective Immune Responses against Infectious Diseases / J.C. Gutierrez-Ramos ; F.D. |
| Interleukin-2 Receptor Signaling Mechanisms |
| The Role of Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-based Activation Motif (ITAM) in Signal Transduction from Antigen and Fc Receptors / D. Opsteltenlt ; T. Kishimoto |
| CD4 + T Cell Induction and Effector Functions / K. Nakanishi |
| Escape of Human Solid Tumors from T Cell Recognition: Molecular Mechanisms and Functional Significance W. Solbach and Y. Laskaylt / Steven B. Larson |
| The Central Role of Follicular Dendritic Cells in Lymphoid Tissues / Y. Baba |
| Adoptive Tumor Immunity Mediated by Lymphocytes Bearing Modified Antigen Specific Receptors / and C. Martinez ; Moore Jr ; R.C. Mulligan ; R. Moqbel ; K. Schwarz ; Y. Shibayama |
| The Host Response to Leishmania Infection / R. Tripathi ; P.J. Peters |
| Lessons from Immunologicale Biochemical, and Molecular Pathways of the Activation Mediated by IL-2 and IL-4 / C. Martinez-A ; Related Strains |
| How Do Lymphocytes Know Where to Go: Current Concepts and Enigmas of Lymphocyte Homing |
| Alexander McPherson / G.T. Nepom |
| Immunological Memory / D. Watanabe |
| Immunotherapeutic Strategies Directed at the Trimolecular Complex |
| Leukocyte Migration and Adhesion |
| Lymphomagenesis, AIDS / A.B. Kay ; C.R. Bartramlt ; R. Fernandez-Botran ; M. Feldman ; S. Reddigari ; N. Mathieu ; V.W. Hsu ; Eugene C. Butcher |
| Gene Transfer as Cancer Therapy / H. Kikutani ; C.R. Mackay ; G.A. Pietersz |
| Membrane Molecules as Differentiation Antigens of Murine Macrophages |
| Btk and BLNK in B Cell Development |
| Interleukin-2 |
| A.J. Wardlaw |
| Control of the Complement System |
| A Comparison of Immunity Against Soluble Antigens and Viral Infections / P.M. Chilton ; M.J. Elliott ; B. Ghebrehiwet ; J.R. Kalden ; I. Leduc |
| Eosinophils: Biology and Role in Disease / Marna Williams ; M. Murakami ; S. Makino ; A. Rowland |
| Current Views in Intracellular Transport / V. Steimle |
| G. Kelsoe / R.J. Ulevitch |
| Interleukin-18 (IL-18): A Novel Cytokine that Augments Both Innate and Acquired Immunity A. Oxenius / Y. Malt ; J.N. Woody ; M. Silverberg ; F.C. Breedveld ; W.M. Hempel |
| The Murine Autoimmune Diabetes Model: NOD / J.J. Marchalonis ; Kenneth Youngman ; I. Kudo |
| In Situ Studies of the Germinal Center Reaction / M.J. Smyth |
| Recognition of Bacterial Endotoxins by Receptor-Dependent Mechanisms / W. Reith ; J.P. Arm |
| B Lymphocyte Development and Transcription Regulation in Vivolt / H. Kojima |
| The Role of MIF in the Regulation of the Immune Response / R.N. Maini |
| Diversity and Regulatory Functions of Mammalian Secretory Phospholipase A,sub>2S / H. Burkhardt ; P. Ferrier ; S.F. Schulter ; Lusijah Rott |
| Cell Adhesion Molecules as Targets of Autoantibodies in Pemphigus / M. Baeza |
| The Intrinsic Coagulation-Kinin Forming Cascade:Assembly in Plasma and Cell / I.F.C ; B. Machlt ; L.B. Ivashkivlt |
| Therapeutic Regulation of the Complement System in Acute Injury States / P.W.H.I. Parren and D.R. Burton ; T.H. Lee ; J.R. Stanley |
| Plasma Cell Dyscraisas / N. Shinohara |
| The Atypical Serine Proteases of the Complement System / O.O. Yang ; G.R. Burmester |
| V(D)J Recombination Pathology / R.M. Bernstein ; Michael Briskin ; P. Kuna ; R. Winchester |
| Soluble Cytokine Receptors: Their Roles in Immunoregulatione Disease and Therapy |
| Anti TNF( Therapy of Rheumatoid Arthritis |
| The Antiviral Activity of Antibodies in Vitro and in Vivo / J.S. Bromberg |
| The Pathobiology of Bronchial Asthma |
| Pemphigoid Bullous diseases Due to Defective Epidermal Cell Adhesion |
| H. Takayama |
| Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Deficiency: A Disease of Gene Regulation |
| Chapter References / R. Kooijman |
| MHC-Directed Susceptibility to Rheumatoid Arthritis / B.D. Walker, CD8+ Cells in HIV Pathogenesis |
| Comparison of Intact Antibody Structures and the Implications for Effector Function / S. Shen |
| Autotolerance, and Autoimmunity / C.M. Lloyd |
| McKenzie and Chemoimmunoconjugates for the Treatment of Cancer |
| Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes: The Newly Identified Fas (CD95)-Mediated Killing Mechanism and a Novel Aspect of Their Biological Functions |
| Immunological Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases / B.M. Stadlerlt |
| C.R. Lyons / L. Qin ; Jaques Banchereau ; C.A. Janeway ; P.E. Neiman |
| Surfaces in Inflammation / E.L. Hooghe-Peters |
| The Role of Nitric Oxide in Inflammation / A.B. Edmundson ; J.-A. Gonzalo |
| I. Aebischer |
| Cytolytic and Non-Cytolytic Inhibition of Viral Replication |
| Histamine-Releasing Factors and Cytokine-Dependent Activation of Basophils and Mast Cells / L.A. DeBruyne ; Diana Bell |
| The Molecular Basis of Susceptibility to Rheumatoid Arthritis |
| TH1-TH2 Cells in Allergic Responses: At the Limits of a Concept |
| Insights From Studies in Immunology / R. Hooghelt |
| Retrovirus-Induced B Cell Neoplasia in the Bursa of Fabricus / A.J. Coyle ; J.S. Pober |
| Accessibility Control of V(D)J Recombination: Lessons from Gene Targeting |
| Cytokine Expression and Cell Activation in Inflammatory Arthritis / D. Kandiah ; James W. Young |
| Interactions Between the Immune System and Gene Therapy Vectors |
| Prolactine Growth Hormonee and Insulin-like Growth Factor-I in the Immune System / J.-C. Gutierrez-Ramos ; R.S. Cotran |
| Lymphocyte Trafficking and Regional Immunity / D. Penn ; A. Sali |
| Mouse Models of Allergic Airway Disease / Yoji Shimizu |
| Selective Elements for the V*gb Region of the T Cell Receptor: Mis and the Bacterial Toxic Mitogens |
| Immunologic Interactions of T Lymphocytes with Vascular Endothelium / W. Potts ; Y. Sheng ; J. Chun |
| Bidirectional Regulation of Response and Expression / David M. Rose |
| Selected Comparison of Immune and Nervous System Development / E.J. Victoria |
| Insights from Studies in Immunology / A. Chess |
| Phylogenetic Emergence and Molecular Evolution of the Immunoglobulin Family / Mark H. Ginsberg |
| MHC Genes Influence Individual Odors and Mating Preferences / D.M. Marquis |
| Dendrite Cells |
| Olfactory Receptor Gene Regulation |
| Integrins in the Immune System / S.M. Coutts |
| Phylogenetic Emergence and Molecular Evolution of the Immunogolbulin Family |
| Current Insights Into the 'Antiphospholipid' Syndrome |
| Clinical, Immunological, and Molecular Aspects |
| Current Insights Into the 'Antiphospholipid' Syndrome |
| Clinical, Immunological and Molecular Aspects |
| CD22: A Multifunctional Receptor That Regulates B Lymphocyte Survival and Signal Transduction / Thomas F. Tedder ; Jonathan C. Poe ; Karen M. Haas |
| CD22 Expression |
| CD22 Structure |
| CD22-A Receptor for Diverse Sialylated Ligands |
| Effects of CD22 Engagement on B-Cell Activation and Function In Vitro |
| CD22 Ligand Binding Regulates B-Cell Survival and Proliferation |
| The CD22 Cytoplasmic Domain Regulates B-Cell Signal Transduction |
| CD22-Directed Therapies and Clinical Trials in Oncology |
| CD22-Directed Therapies and Clinical Trials in Autoimmunity |
| Tetramer Analysis of Human Autoreactive CD4-Positive T Cells / Gerald T. Nepom |
| pMHC Tetramers Identify Human Autoreactive T Cells |
| Autoantigen pMHC Tetramers from Mouse to Man |
| Tetramer-Induced Autoreactivity |
| Regulation of Phospholipase C-[gamma]2 Networks in B Lymphocytes / Masaki Hikida ; Tomohiro Kurosaki |
| From the BCR to PLC-[gamma] |
| Roles for PLC-[gamma] |
| Regulation of IP[subscript 3] Receptors |
| Coupling Between Calcium Release and Calcium Influx |
| Looking for Ca[superscript 2+] Entry Channels |
| NFAT and NF-kB |
| Modulation of Calcium Signaling |
| Role of Human Mast Cells and Basophils in Bronchial Asthma / Gianni Marone ; Massimo Triggiani ; Arturo Genovese ; Amato De Paulis |
| Human Mast Cells |
| Human Basophils |
| Experimental Evidence for Mast Cells in Bronchial Asthma |
| Experimental Evidence for Basophils in Bronchial Asthma |
| Mast Cell and Basophil Recruitment to Asthmatic Airways |
| Anatomical and Functional Evidence for Mast Cells and Basophils in Asthma |
| Superallergens in Bronchial Asthma |
| Angiogenesis in Bronchial Asthma |
| Tissue Remodeling in Bronchial Asthma |
| Pharmacologic Modulation of Human Mast Cells and Basophils in the Treatment of Bronchial Asthma |
| Conclusions and Implications |
| A Novel Recognition System for MHC Class I Molecules Constituted by PIR / Toshiyuki Takai |
| PIR and LILR in Ig-like Receptor Family |
| PIR Genes and Protein Structure |
| Ligand for PIR |
| 3D Structure of PIR and LILR and Their Interaction with MHC Class I |
| Activation Signal via PIR-A |
| Inhibitory Signal via PIR-B |
| Dominant Expression of PIR-B In Vivo |
| Pirb[superscript -/-] B Cells, Neutrophils, and Macrophages are Hyperresponsive |
| Modulated Cytokine Signaling in PIR-B Deficiency |
| PIR in Transplantation |
| Dendritic Cell Biology / Francesca Granucci ; Maria Foti ; Paola Ricciardi-Castagnoli |
| DC Subtypes |
| Deciphering DC Biology with Genomic Approaches |
| DC Interactions with the Microbial World |
| DC Functions |
| The Murine Diabetogenic Class II Histocompatibility Molecule I-A[superscript g7]: Structural and Functional Properties and Specificity of Peptide Selection / Anish Suri ; Emil R. Unanue |
| Structural Features of I-A[superscript g7] and DQ8 |
| Biochemical Basis of Peptide Selection by I-A[superscript g7] |
| Why Is There a Difference in Results Between Binding and Peptide Selection? |
| The Biological Role of I-A[superscript g7] |
| RNAi and RNA-Based Regulation of Immune System Function / Dipanjan Chowdhury ; Carl D. Novina |
| Short RNAs in the Mammalian Immune System |
| miRNAs in Mammalian Virus Infection |
| RNAi, NMD, and TCR |
| NMD and TCR Expression |
| RNAi and NMD Are Genetically Linked |
| RNAi, ADARs, and Viruses |
| Early Lymphoid Progenitor Subsets - Lineage Commitment and Developmental Plasticity |
| The CD4/CD8 Lineage Choice: New Insights Analysis of the CD4/CD8 |
| Lineage Decision Development and Function of T Helper 1 Cells Th2 cells |
| Orchestrating Barrier Immunity Memory T. Cells -Generation, Maintenance, and Function |
| An Integrated Model of Immunoregulation |
| 37-65 |
| Cumulative Subject Index, Volumes 37-65 |
| Learning from Leprosy: Insight into the Human Innate Immune Response / Dennis Montoya ; Robert L. Modlin |
| Leprosy as a Model |
| Recognition of M. leprae by the Innate Immune System |
| Phagocytosis of Mycobacteria |
| Antimicrobial Activity |
| Dendritic Cell Function in Leprosy |
| The Immunological Functions of Saposins / Alexandre Darmoise ; Patrick Maschmeyer ; Florian Winau |
| Saposins in Lysosomal Glycosphingolipid Degradation and Membrane Digestion |
| Saposins Facilitate Lipid Presentation to CD1-Restricted T Lymphocytes |
| SAPs Stimulate the Processing of Lipid Antigens by Lysosomal Glycosidases |
| Saposins Disrupt Vesicles Released by Apoptotic Cells |
| SAP-Like Proteins in Antimicrobial Defense |
| OX40-OX40 Ligand Interaction in T-Cell-Mediated Immunity and Immunopathology / Naoto Ishii ; Takeshi Takahashi ; Pejman Soroosh ; Kazuo Sugamura |
| Impact of the OX40 Costimulatory Signal in Immune Responses |
| OX40 in the Function and Development of Regulatory T Cells |
| OX40-OX40L Interaction in the Generation and Homeostasis of Memory T Cells |
| The OX40 and OX40L Interaction in Disease |
| Introduction: The Role of IL-10 in Controlling Inflammation / Keishi Fujio ; Tomohisa Okamura ; Kazuhiko Yamamoto |
| IL-10-Producing T Cells Induced in Vitro |
| Naturally Present IL-10-Secreting T Cells |
| Artificial Engineering of Secondary Lymphoid Organs / Jonathan K. H. Tan ; Takeshi Watanabe |
| Lymphoid Structure and Elicitation of Immune Responses |
| Organogenesis of Secondary Lymphoid Tissues |
| Engineering Artificial Secondary Lymphoid Tissue |
| Future Prospects |
| AID and Somatic Hypermutation / Robert W. Maul ; Patricia J. Gearhart |
| AID, The Master Catalyst |
| The Targeting Enigma |
| Rogue Uracils |
| BCL6: Master Regulator of the Germinal Center Reaction and Key Oncogene in B Cell Lymphomagenesis / Katia Basso ; Riccardo Dalla-Favera |
| Germinal Center: The Site of BCL6 Expression in B cells |
| BCL6 and its Function |
| Regulation of BCL6 |
| Discovery of BCL6 Targets |
| Cellular Pathways Regulated by BCL6 |
| BCL6 and Lymphomagenesis |
| Regulation of Gene Expression in Peripheral T Cells by Runx Transcription Factors / Ivana M. Djuretic ; Fernando Cruz-Guilloty ; Anjana Rao |
| Multiple Factors Regulate Transcription in Eukaryotic Organisms |
| Runx Proteins as Transcriptional Regulators |
| Runx Proteins Regulate Thymic T-Cell Development |
| Runx7 and Runx3 at the Cd4 Silencer |
| Concluding Remarks-Runx Proteins in Human Disease and Immunity |
| Long Noncoding RNAs: implications for Antigen Receptor Diversification / Grace Teng |
| Noncoding RNAs |
| ncRNAs and the Adaptive immune System |
| Perspective |
| Pathogenic Mechanisms of Allergic Inflammation: Atopic Asthma as a Paradigm / Patrick G. Holt ; Deborah H. Strickland ; Anthony Bosco ; Frode L Jahnsen |
| Development of Asthma-Related Phenotypes in Early Life |
| Dendritic Cells and Asthma |
| T-Regulatory (Treg) Cells |
| Interactions Between Anti-viral and Atopic Inflammatory Pathways: Insight From Studies on Acute Severe Asthma Exacerbations in School Children |
| The Search for New Asthma Drug Targets within the Th2 Cascade |
| The Amplification Loop of the Complement Pathways / Peter J. Lachmann |
| The Amplication Loop: The C3b Feedback and Breakdown Cycles |
| The Evolutionary History of Complement |
| The Alternative Pathway: A Rate-Governed Reaction |
| Regulation of the C3b Breakdown Cycle |
| Immunopathology of the Alternative Pathway |
| The Physiological Role of Lysyl tRNA Synthetase in the Immune System / Hovav Nechushtan ; Sunghoon Kim ; Gillian Kay ; Ehud Razin |
| Gene Sharing and Noncanonical Protein Roles |
| Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases (AaRSs) and the Multisynthetase Complex |
| LysRS |
| Kill the Bacteria&hellips; and Also Their Messengers? / Robert Munford ; Mingfang Lu ; Alan Varley29 |
| Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Sensing by MD-2-TLR4 |
| Acyloxyacyl Hydrolase |
| LPS Deacylation In Vivo |
| Inactivating LPS In Vivo |
| Potential Clinical Connections |
| Role of SOCS in Allergic and Innate Immune Responses / Suzanne L. Cassel ; Paul B. Rothman |
| A topic Immune Responses |
| SOCS Family |
| SOCS Genes |
| Multitasking by Exploitation of Intracellular Transport Functions: The Many Faces of FcRn / E. Sally Ward ; Raimund J.Ober |
| FcRn: A Historical Perspective |
| FcRn is a Multitasking Receptor |
| The Molecular Nature of FcRn-IgG Interactions |
| The Intracellular Trafficking of FcRn |
| Regulation of FcRn Expression |
| The Complexity of Engineering FcRn-IgG Interactions |
| Cross-Species Differences in FcRn-Binding Specificity and Implications for Preclinical Models |
| Antigen Presentation by CD1: Lipids, T Cells, and NKT Cells in Microbial Immunity / Nadia R. Cohen ; Salil Garg ; Michael B. Brenner |
| The CD1 Antigen Presentation Pathway: Chemistry, Structure, and Cell Biology |
| Group I CD1: CD1a, b, and c Molecules and T Cells |
| Group II CD1: CD1d-Restricted T Cells: Activation, Function, and Role in Antimicrobial Immunity |
| Role of CD1d-Restricted NKT Cells in Specific Microbial Infections |
| How the Immune System Achieves Self-Nonself Discrimination During Adaptive Immunity / Hong Jiang ; Leonard Chess |
| Is Peripheral Immune Regulation Necessary for Self-Nonself Discrimination? |
| Self-Nonself Discrimination Achieved During Thymic Negative Selection Determines How the Adaptive Immunity Is Regulated in the Periphery to Maintain Self-tolerance |
| The Impact of the Conceptual Framework of the "Avidity Model" on the Development and Control of Pathogenic Autoimmunity |
| Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms in Atopic Dermatitis / Michiko K. Oyoshi ; Rui He ; Lalit Kumar ; Juhan Yoon ; Raif S. Geha |
| Physiology and Immunology of Normal Skin |
| Clinical Aspects of AD |
| Epidemiology |
| Genetics |
| Pathophysiology of AD |
| Animal Models of AD |
| Treatment of AD |
| Micromanagers of Immune Cell Fate and Function / Fabio Petrocca ; Judy Lieberman |
| miRNA Biogenesis |
| miRNA Regulation of Gene Expression |
| miRNA Target Genes |
| miRNAs Regulate Hematopoietic Differentiation and Immune Function |
| miRNA Regulation of Lymphocyte Development and Function |
| miRNA Regulation of Inflammatory Responses |
| Viruses Harness the miRNA Machinery |
| Some Viral miRNAs Mimic Host miRNAs |
| Host miRNAs also Regulate Viral Replication |
| Prospects for Manipulating miRNA Function for Immunomodulatory Therapy |
| Acknowledgment |
| Immune Pathways for Translating Viral Infection into Chronic Airway Disease / Michael J. Holtzman ; Derek E. Byers ; Loralyn A. Benoit ; John T. Battaile ; Yingjian You ; Eugene Agapov ; Chaeho Park ; Mitchell H. Grayson ; Edy Y. Kim ; Anand C. Patel |
| Background for the Model |
| cDC T Cell Immune Axis |
| NKT Cell-Macrophage Immune Axis |
| Summary |
| The Role of Innate Immunity in B Cell Acquisition of Antigen Within LNs / Santiago F. Gonzalez ; Michael P. Kuligowski ; Lisa A. Pitcher ; Ramon Roozendaal ; Michael C. Carroll |
| FDC are a Major Reservoir for Membrane-Bound Antigen |
| How do Antigens Arrive at FDC? |
| Role of LN Resident DC in Transport of Antigen |
| Nuclear Receptors, Inflammation, and Neurodegenerative Diseases / Kaoru Saijo ; Andrea Crotti ; Christopher K. Glass |
| Nuclear Receptors: Family Members and Molecular Functions |
| Immune Cells in the CNS-Microglia, Astrocytes, and Lymphocytes |
| Inflammatory Components of Neurodegenerative Diseases |
| Summary and Perspectives |
| Novel Tools for Modulating Immune Responses in the Host-Polysaccharides from the Capsule of Commensal Bacteria / Suryasarathi Dasgupta ; Dennis L. Kasper |
| Introduction: The Intestinal Microflora |
| The Polysaccharide Capsule and Bacterial Colonization of the Host |
| Professional APCs in Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue and Shaping of Mucosal Immunity by Commensal Microbes |
| Intestinal Inflammation and Immunoregulation |
| Polysaccharide A from B. fragilis |
| The Role of Mechanistic Factors in Promoting Chromosomal Translocations Found in Lymphoid and Other Cancers / Yu Zhang ; Monica Gostissa ; Dominic G. Hildebrand ; Michael S. Becker ; Cristian Boboila ; Roberto Chiarle ; Susanna Lewis |
| Chromosomal Translocations in Cancer |
| DNA Recombination in B and T Cell Development |
| Mechanistic Factors that Influence the Appearance of Chromosomal Translocations |
| Contents os Recent Volumes |
| Modeling a Complex Disease: Multiple Sclerosis / Florian C. Kurschus ; Simone Wörtge ; Ari Waisman |
| The IgH Locus 3' Regulatory Region: Pulling the Strings from Behind / Eric Pinaud ; Marie Marquet ; Rémi Fiancette ; Sophie Péron ; Christelle Vincent-Fabert ; Yves Denizot ; Michel Cogné |
| Transcriptional and Epigenetic Regulation of CD4/CD8 Lineage Choice / Ichiro Taniuchi ; Wilfried Ellmeier |
| Autoinflammation by Endogenous DNA / Shigekazu Nagata ; Kohki Kawane |
| AID targeting in Antibody Diversity / Rushad Pavri |
| New Insights into Adaptive Immunity in Chronic Neuroinflammation / Volker Siffrin ; Alexander U. Brandt ; Josephine Herz ; Frauke Zipp |
| Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis Is a Heterogeneous Inflammatory Disease of the Nervous System |
| Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis as a Model for MS |
| Current Knowledge About Induction and Perseveration of Chronic Neuroinflammation |
| Therapeutic Approaches to Chronic Neuroinflammation |
| Regulation of Interferon-[gamma] During Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses / Jamie R. Schoenborn ; Christopher B. Wilson |
| IFN-[gamma]-Producing Cells |
| Signaling Pathways Controlling IFN-[gamma] Production by NK Cells |
| Control of IFN-[gamma] Production by NKT Cells |
| Signaling Pathways in the Differentiation of CD4 and CD8 T Cells |
| Transcription Factors Downstream of the TCR, Activating NK Receptors, and Cytokine Receptors |
| Epigenetic Processes Govern Plasticity of Cell Fate Choices and Help to Identify Distal Regulatory Elements |
| Transcriptional Regulatory Elements Within the Ifng Gene |
| Functional Analysis of Candidate Distal Regulatory Elements in the Ifng Locus |
| The Expansion and Maintenance of Antigen-Selected CD8+ T Cell Clones / Douglas T. Fearon |
| Background |
| The Behavior of the CD8+ T Cell in Persistent Viral Infections |
| Clarifying the Role of IL-2 in the Clonal Expansion and Effector Differentiation of the CD8+ T Cell |
| Coreceptors Mediating IL-2-Independent CD8+ T Cell Clonal Expansion |
| Modifying the Antiproliferative Effects of Types I and II IFN |
| Transcriptional Control of Replicative Senescence: Bmi-1, Blimp-1, and BCL6/BCL6b |
| A Refined Model for CD8+ T Cell Clonal Expansion: Sequential Phases of CD27-Dependent Self-Renewal and IL-2-Dependent Differentiation |
| Clinical Extensions of the TCR/CD27 Pathway: Adoptive CD8+ T Cell Therapy |
| Inherited Complement Regulatory Protein Deficiency Predisposes to Human Disease in Acute Injury and Chronic Inflammatory States / Anna Richards ; David Kavanagh ; John P. Atkinson |
| Altered Self Triggers Innate Immunity |
| Regulation of the Alternative Complement Pathway |
| Lessons from Homozygous Complement Regulatory Protein Deficiencies |
| Complement and Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome |
| Complement and Age-Related Macular Degeneration |
| Immunopathogenesis of aHUS and AMD |
| Treatment of aHUS and AMD |
| Conclusions: Lessons and Implications |
| Fc-Receptors as Regulators of Immunity / Falk Nimmerjahn ; Jeffrey V. Ravetch |
| The Family of Activating and Inhibitory FcRs |
| Activating and Inhibitory FcR Signaling Pathways |
| The Role of Activating and Inhibitory FcRs on Innate Immune Effector Cells |
| Modulation of Antibody Activity |
| Activating and Inhibitory FcR Expression on DCs |
| Fc[gamma]RIIB as a Master Regulator of Humoral Tolerance and Plasma Cell Survival |
| Summary and Outlook |
| TSLP in Epithelial Cell and Dendritic Cell Cross Talk / Yong-Jun Liu |
| Thymic Stormal Lymphopoietin (TSLP) and TSLP Receptor (TSLPR) |
| TSLP in Lymphocyte Development in Mice |
| TSLP Activates Human Myeloid Dendritic Cells |
| TSLP in Allergic Inflammation |
| TSLP in Peripheral CD4+ T Cell Homeostasis |
| TSLP in the Development of Regulatory T Cells in Thymus |
| Natural Killer Cell Tolerance: Licensing and Other Mechanisms / A. Helena Jonsson ; Wayne M. Yokoyama |
| Introduction: Natural Killer Cells and "Missing Self" |
| NK Cell Receptors: The KIR and Ly49 Families |
| Early Models of NK Cell Self-Tolerance |
| NK Cell Licensing |
| NK Cell Tolerance in MHC Class I Chimeric and Mosaic Mice |
| Other Safeguards of NK Cell Tolerance to Self |
| NK Cell Tolerance Mechanisms in the Clinic |
| Biology of the Eosinophil / Carine Blanchard ; Marc E. Rothenberg |
| The Eosinophil: From a Hematopoietic Stem Cell to a Mature Eosinophil |
| A Role for Eosinophils at Baseline |
| Eosinophils and Immune Regulation |
| Eosinophil Trafficking |
| Role of Eosinophils in Disease |
| Antieosinophil Therapeutics |
| Basophils: Beyond Effector Cells of Allergic Inflammation / John T. Schroeder |
| Development and Inflammatory Mediator Content |
| Cell-Surface Markers |
| Human Basophil Cytokine Secretion |
| Basophil Participation in Human Disease |
| Basophils in Mouse Models of Th2 Inflammation |
| DNA Targets of AID: Evolutionary Link Between Antibody Somatic Hypermutation and Class Switch Recombination / Jason A. Hackney ; Shahram Misaghi ; Kate Senger ; Christopher Garris ; Yonglian Sun ; Maria N. Lorenzo ; Ali A. Zarrin |
| Experimental Systems to Study S Regions |
| S Regions |
| V Regions |
| Sequence Comparison of V, S, and Non-Ig AID Targets |
| The Susceptibility of Non-S Regions to Mediate CSR |
| AID Recruitment to Target Sequences |
| Role of DNA Double Strand Break (DSB) |
| Evolutionary Link between SHM and CSR |
| Interleukin 5 in the Link Between the Innate and Acquired Immune Response / Kiyoshi Takatsu ; Taku Kouro ; Yoshinori Nagai |
| IL-5 and Signal Transduction |
| IL-5-Receptor-Mediated Signaling |
| IL-5 Augments Innate Immune Response |
| IL-5 Modulates Acquired Immune Response |
| IL-5 Links Innate and Acquired Immunity In Disease Model |
| Future Perspectives |
| Contents of Recent Volumes See Color Plate Section in the back of this book |
| Cis-Regulatory Elements and Epigenetic Changes Control Genomic Rearrangements of the IgH Locus |
| The Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Locus |
| V(D)J Recombination During B-Cell Development |
| Class Switch Recombination and Somatic Hypermutation |
| IgH Rearrangements and Allelic Exclusion |
| Accessibility Control |
| IgH Locus Control Through Cis-Regulatory Elements |
| DNA-PK: The Means to Justify the Ends? / Katheryn Meek ; Van Dang ; Susan P. Lees-Miller |
| Composition |
| DNA Binding and Kinase Activation |
| Structural Studies of DNA-PK |
| Targets of DNA-PK's Enzymatic Activity |
| DNA-PK's Autophosphorylation is Functionally Complex |
| Autophosphorylation Within Two Clusters Reciprocally Regulates DNA End Access |
| Further DNA-PK Autophosphorylation is Required During NHEJ |
| Model of DNA-PK Activation |
| End Processing to Promote End Conservation |
| Does DNA-PK Regulate Dsbr Repair Pathway Choice? |
| Why is DNA-PK So Abundant? |
| Thymic Microenvironments for T-Cell Repertoire Formation / Takeshi Nitta ; Shigeo Murata ; Tomoo Ueno ; Keiji Tanaka ; Yousuke Takahama |
| Trafficking of Developing Thymocytes |
| Cortical Microenvironment |
| Medullary Microenvironment |
| Pathogenesis of Myocarditis and Dilated Cardiomyopathy / Daniela Cihakova ; Noel R. Rose |
| Human Myocarditis |
| The Evidence for an Autoimmune Process in Myocarditis |
| Mouse Models of Myocarditis |
| Role of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Myocarditis |
| Role of T Helper Cells in Myocarditis |
| The Divergent Role of Macrophages in Myocarditis |
| Conclusions/Directions for future Research |
| Emergence of the Th17 Pathway and Its Role in Host Defense / Darrell B. O'Quinn ; Matthew T. Palmer ; Yun Kyung Lee ; Casey T. Weaver |
| Emergence of the Th17 Pathway |
| Functions of the Th17-Derived Cytokines |
| IL-23/IL-17-Mediated Innate Immunity |
| Th17 Cells and Innate Immunity |
| Th17 Cells and Acquired Immunity |
| IL-23/IL-17-Mediated Responses in Specific Microbial Infections |
| Closing Remarks |
| Peptides Presented In Vivo by HLA-DR in Thyroid Autoimmunity / Laia Muixi ; Inaki Alvarez ; Dolores Jaraquemada |
| Natural Peptides: The Constitutive Ligands of MHC Molecules |
| Natural Ligands for HLA Class II in Autoimmune Thyroid Tissue |
| Immune Regulation by B Cells and Antibodies: A View Towards the Clinic / Kai Hoehlig ; Vicky Lampropoulou ; Toralf Roch ; Patricia Neves ; Elisabeth Calderon-Gomez ; Stephen M. Anderton ; Ulrich Steinhoff ; Simon Fillatreau |
| Prevention of Rhesus D Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn with Anti-D Antibodies |
| Antibody-Based Treatment of Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpura |
| Immune Regulating Functions of Naive and Activated B Cells |
| Cumulative Environmental Changes, Skewed Antigen Exposure, and the Increase of Allergy / Tse Wen Chang ; Ariel Y. Pan |
| Antigen Exposure during Times When the Immune System Evolved |
| Did Allergy Play a Role in the Evolution of the Human Immune System? |
| Environmental and Lifestyle Changes Alter Humans' Antigen Exposure |
| Significant Changes in Lifestyle and Environment since H. sapiens Stated to Use Fire |
| Significant Lifestyle and Environmental Changes since the Industrial Revolution |
| The Increase in Proportions of Environmental Antigens of Limited Varieties |
| Prevalence of Allergy is Related to Changes in Antigen Exposure |
| The Hygiene Hypothesis and Its Immunological Basis |
| Key Factors Affecting the IgE-Mediated Pathway in Allergic Responses |
| Total IgE vs. Allergen-Specific IgE |
| Allergenic Substances Become Dominant Mucosal IgE Stimulators |
| Molecular Mechanisms Delineating the Effects of the Skewed Antigen Exposure on the Sensitization of the IgE Pathway |
| New Insights on Mast Cell Activation via the High Affinity Receptor for IgE / Juan Rivera ; Nora A. Fierro ; Ana Olivera ; Ryo Suzuki |
| A General Outline of Fc[epsilon]RI Proximal Signaling |
| Recent Advances in Fc[epsilon]RI Proximal Signaling |
| Regulation of Calcium Mobilization in Mast Cells |
| Sphingosine-1-phosphate: A Co-stimulatory Signal in Fc[epsilon]RI-mediated Mast Cell Activation |
| The Role of Genetics in Mast Cell Responsiveness |
| B Cells and Autoantibodies in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis and Related Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases / Katherine A. McLaughlin ; Kai W. Wucherpfennig |
| MS and Related Inflammatory Demyelinating CNS Diseases |
| Therapeutic Depletion of B Cells in MS with Rituximab |
| Which B Cell Functions are Critical in the Pathogenesis of MS? |
| Human B Cell Subsets / Stephen M. Jackson ; Patrick C. Wilson ; Judith A. James ; J. Donald Capra |
| Human B Cell Subsets: Current Separation Schemes |
| Transitions in Peripheral B cell Development |
| Monoclonal Antibodies from Human B Cell Subsets: Insights into Autoreactivity and Function |
| Vaccine-Induced Plasma Cells and Recombinant Antibodies: A Rapid Source of Fully Human Mabs |
| Autoimmune Disease and Human B Cell Subsets |
| T Cell Activation and the Cytoskeleton: You Can't Have One Without the Other / Timothy S. Gomez ; Daniel D. Billadeau |
| TCR Signaling Leading to Actin Cytoskeletal Remodeling |
| Cytoskeletal Control of IS Formation |
| Regulation of TCR-Mediated MTOC Polarization |
| F-Actin-Mediated Regulation of Integrins |
| Cytoskeletal Dynamics and Cell Migration |
| HLA Class II Transgenic Mice Mimic Human Inflamamtory Diseases / Ashutosh K. Mangalam ; Govindarajan Rajagopalan ; Veena Taneja ; Chella S. David |
| Expression and Function of HLA-DQ Transgenes in Mice |
| HLA-DQ Transgenic Mice as Models for Human Allergies |
| Expression and Function of HLA-DR Transgenic Mice |
| HLA Class II Transgenic Mice Identify the Same Determinants of M. Tuberculosis-Derived Proteins as Humans |
| Collagen-Induced Arthritis - Model for Human Rheumatoid Arthritis |
| Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: A Model for Multiple Sclerosis |
| Spontaneous Models for Human Type I Diabetes |
| Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis |
| HlA and Gluten Sensitivity-Celiac Disease and Dermatitis herpetiformis |
| Relapsing Polychondritis |
| Spontaneous Autoimmune Myocarditis |
| Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis (Adapted from Kong et al., 2007) |
| Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis (Adapted from Pennesi et al., 2003) |
| Bacterial Superantigens and Toxic Shock Syndrome |
| Roles of Zinc and Zinc Signaling in Immunity: Zinc as an Intracellular Signaling Molecule / Toshio Hirano ; Masaaki Murakami ; Toshiyuki Fukada ; Keigo Nishida ; Satoru Yamasaki ; Tomoyuki Suzuki |
| Zn Homeostasis, Zn Transporters, and Metallothioneins in Health and Disease |
| Role of Zn in the Immune Response |
| Role of Zn in Mast Cells |
| Zn Signaling |
| Conclusion and Future Prospects |
| Acknowledgements |
| The SLAM and SAP Gene Families Control Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses / Silvia Calpe ; Ninghai Wang ; Xavier Romero ; Scott B. Berger ; Arpad Lanyi ; Pablo Engel ; Cox Terhorst |
| Structure, Ligands, and Expression of the SLAM-Family Receptors |
| The SLAM-Family Gene Isoforms and Polymorphisms and their Role in a Genetic Predisposition for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus |
| The SLAM-Associated Protein |
| The Protective Role of SAP in X-Linked Lympho-Proliferative Disease |
| The SAP-Related Single SH2-Domain Proteins EAT-2A and EAT-2B |
| The SLAM-Family Receptors in NK Cell Responses |
| The Role of the SLAM-Family in Lymphoid Cells |
| The Role of the SLAM-Family on Nonlymphoid Cells |
| Conformational Plasticity and Navigation of Signaling Proteins in Antigen-Activated B Lymphocytes / Niklas Engels ; Michael Engelke ; Jurgen Wienands |
| A Minimal Signaling Kit Couples to Proximal Transducer Enzymes |
| Signal Initiation: BCR Clusters with an Open Conformation |
| SLP-65: A Gateway to Intracellular Signaling Pathways |
| Dynamic Regulation of the BCR-Triggered Ca[superscript 2+] Response |
| Mechanism and Function of BCR-Induced Ras Activation |
| The Immunobiology of IL-27 / Aisling O'Hara Hall ; Jonathan S. Silver ; Christopher A. Hunter |
| Autoimmune Arthritis: The Interface between the Immune System and Joints / Noriko Komatsu ; Hiroshi Takayanagi |
| Immunological Tolerance during Fetal Development: From Mouse to Man / Jeff E. Mold ; Joseph M. McCune |
| Mapping Lupus Susceptibility Genes in the NZM2410 Mouse Model / Laurence Morel |
| Functional Heterogeneity in the Basophil Cell Lineage / Mark C. Siracusa ; Elia D. Tait Wojno ; David Artis |
| An Emerging Role of RNA-Binding Proteins as Multifunctional Regulators of Lymphocyte Development and Function / Martin Turner ; Daniel Hodson |
| Active and Passive Anti-cytokine Immune Therapies Current Status and Development / Helene Le Buanec ; Armand Bensussan ; Martine Bagot ; Robert C. Gallo ; Daniel Zagury |
| Classical and Alternative End Joining Pathways for Repair of Lymphocyte-Specific and General DNA Double-Strand Breaks / Bjoern Schwer |
| The Leukotrienes Immune Modulating Lipid Mediators of Disease / Antonio Di Gennaro ; Jesper Z. Haeggström |
| Gut Microbiota Drives Metabolic Diseases in Immunologically Altered Mice / Benoit Chassaing ; Jesse D Aitken ; Andrew T Gewirtz ; Matam Vijay-Kumar |
| What is Unique about the IgE Response? / Huizhong Xiong ; Maria A. Curotto de Lafaille ; Juan J. Lafaille |
| Prostanoids as Regulators of Innate and Adaptive Immunity / Takako Hirata ; Shuh Narumiya |
| Lymphocyte Developmental: Integration of DNA Damage Response Signaling / Jeffrey J. Bednarski ; Barry P. Sleckman |
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