| Stacey Obituary / P. Finch ; W.G. Overend |
| Nomenclature of Carbohydrates / A.D. McNaught |
| Thioglycosides as Glycosyl Donors in Oligosaccharide Synthesis / P.J. Garegg |
| Dihexulose Dianhydrides / M. Manley-Harris ; G.N. Richards |
| Sugars and Nucleotides and the Biosynthesis of Thiamine / S. David ; B. Estramareix |
| Molecular Architecture of Polysaccharide Helices in Oriented Fibers / R. Chandrasekaran |
| Sucrose Decomposition in Aqueous Solution, and Losses in Sugar Manufacture and Refining / M.A. Clarke ; L.A. Edye ; G. Eggleston |
| Author Index |
| Subject Index |
| Nikolay Konstantinovich Kochetkov, 1915-2005 International Carbohydrate SymposiaA History / S. J. Angyal |
| Mass Spectrometry Of Carbohydrates: Newer Aspects / J. A. Rodrigues ; A. M. Taylor ; D. P. Sumpton ; J. C. Reynolds ; R. Pickford ; J. Thomas-Oates |
| Deoxy sugars: Occurrence and synthesis / R. M. de Lederkremer ; C. Marino |
| Sucrose Chemistry and Applications of Sucrochemicals / Y. Queneau ; S. Jarosz ; B. Lewandowski ; J. Fitremann |
| Anti-influenza Drug Discovery: Are we ready for the Next Pandemic? / T. Islam ; M. von Itzstein |
| Chemoselective Neoglycosylation / F. Nicotra ; L. Cipolla ; F. Peri ; B. La Ferla ; C. Redaelli |
| Hamao Umezawa 1914-11986 / T. Tsuchiya ; K. Maeda ; D. Horton |
| Carba-Sugars Chemistry of (Pseudo-Sugars) and Their Derivatives / T. Suami ; S. Ogawa |
| Chemistry and Developments of Fluorinated Carbohydrates |
| Components of Bacterial Polysaccharides / B. Lindberg |
| Glycoside Hydrolases: Mechanistic Information from Studies with Reversible and Irreversible Inhibitors / G. Legler |
| Index |
| Contributors |
| Preface |
| Roger W. Jeanloz 1917-2007 / Nathan Sharon ; R. Colin Hughes |
| Bengt Lindberg 1919-2008 / Lennart Kenne ; Olle Larm ; Alf Lindberg |
| Zeolites and Other Silicon-Based Promoters in Carbohydrate Chemistry / Amélia P. Rauter ; Nuno M. Xavier ; Susana D. Lucas ; Miguel Santos |
| Introduction / I： |
| Zeolites, Clays, and Silica Gel as Heterogeneous Catalysts and Their Use in Organic Synthesis / II： |
| Catalysis of Key Transformations in Carbohydrate Chemistry / III： |
| Glycosylation / 1： |
| Sugar Protection and Deprotection / 2： |
| Hydrolysts/Isomerizalion of Saccharides and Glycosides / 3： |
| Dehydration / 4： |
| Oxidation / 5： |
| Other Synthetic Applications / 6： |
| Conclusion / IV： |
| References |
| Tools in Oligosaccharide Synthesis: Current Research and Application / Jürgen Seibel ; Klaus Buchholz |
| Modified Enzymes and Substrates |
| Glycosidases, Glycosynthases, Thioglycosidases |
| Glucansucrases |
| Fructansucrase Enzymes |
| Sucrose Analogues |
| Oligo-and Poly-saccharide Synthesis with Sucrose Analogues |
| Sucrose Isomerase |
| Commercial Products |
| Acknowledgment |
| Multivalent Lectin-Carbohydrate Interactions: Energetics and Mechanisms of Binding / Tarun K. Dam ; C. Fred Brewer |
| Mucins: Background |
| Binding of Lectins to Mucins |
| Affinities of SBA and VML for Mucins |
| Thermodynamics of SBA Binding Tn-PSM |
| Thermodynamics of SBA Binding 81-mer Tn-PSM |
| Thermodynamics of SBA Binding 38/40-mer Tn-PSM |
| Thermodynamics of SBA Binding Fd-PSM |
| Thermodynamics of VML Binding Tn-PSM |
| Thermodynamics of VML Binding 81-mer Tn-PSM and 38/40-mer Tn-PSM / 7： |
| Thermodynamics of VML Binding Fd-PSM / 8： |
| Mechanisms of Binding of SBA and VML to PSM: The Bind and Jump Model |
| Thermodynamics of Lectin-Mucin Crosslinking Interactions / V： |
| Hill Plots Show Evidence of Increasing Negative Cooperativity |
| Analysis of the Stoichiometry of Binding of SBA to the Mucins |
| Crosslinking of Lectins with the Mucins Correlate with Decreasing Favorable Entropy of Binding |
| Conclusions and Perspective / VI： |
| The Bind and Jump Model for Lectin-Mucin Interactions |
| Implications of Increasing Negative Cooperativity and Decreasing Favorable Binding Entropy of Lectins-Mucin Crosslinking Interactions |
| Design and Creativity in Synthesis of Multivalent Neoglycoconjugates / Yoann M. Chabre ; René Roy |
| Multivalency: Definition and Role |
| Multivalency in Protein-Carbohydrate Interactions |
| Synthesis and Applications of Multivalent Glycoconjugates |
| Glycoclusters |
| Glycoclusters from Branched Aliphatic Scaffolds |
| Glycoclusters from Branched Aromatic Scaffolds |
| Glycoclusters from Carbohydrate Scaffolds |
| Glycoclusters from Peptide Scaffolds |
| Other Glycoclusters |
| Glycosylated Carbon-Based Nanostructures |
| Glycofullerenes |
| Glyconanotubes |
| Multivalent Glycoconjugates by Self-Assembly |
| Sell-Assembly Using Coordinating Metals |
| Self-Assembly of Glycodendrons in Solution |
| Glycodendrons and Glycodendrimers |
| Glycodendrons |
| Glyeodendrimers |
| Anthony Charles Richardson / Karl J. Hale |
| Detection and Structural Characterization of Oxo-Chromium(V) Sugar Complexes by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance / Luis F. Sala ; Juan C. González ; Silvia I. García ; María I. Frascaroli ; Sabine Van Doorslaer |
| Synthesis and Properties of Septanose Carbohydrates / Jaideep Saha ; Mark W. Peczuh |
| Imino Sugars and Glycosyl Hydrolases: Historical Context, Current Aspects, Emerging Trends / Arnold E. Stütz ; Tanja M. Wrodnigg |
| Jean Montreuil 1920-2010 / Jean-Claude Michalski |
| Laurance David Hall 1938-2009 / Bruce Coxon |
| Potential Trehalase Inhibitors: Syntheses of Trehazolin and its Analogues / Ahmed El. Nemr ; El Sayed H. El Ashry |
| Natural Occurrence and Characterization of Trehazolin |
| Biosynthesis of Trehazolin / IIII： |
| Retrosynthetic Analysis of Trehazolin and Its Analogues |
| Synthesis of the Sugar Isothiocyanate Fragment |
| Synthesis of the Trehazolamine Fragment |
| Synthesis from D-Glucose |
| Synthesis from D-Mannose |
| Synthesis from D-Ribose |
| Synthesis from D-Arabinose |
| Synthesis from D-Mannitol |
| Synthesis from Sugar 1,5-Lactones |
| Synthesis from myo-Inositol |
| Synthesis from D-Ribonolactone |
| Synthesis from Cyclopentadiene / 9： |
| Synthesis from Acylated Oxazolidinones / 10： |
| Synthesis from cis-2-Butene-1,4-diol / 11： |
| Synthesis from Norbornyl Derivatives / 12： |
| Synthesis from 3-Hydroxymethylpyridine / 13： |
| Synthesis of Trehazolins / VII： |
| Trehazolins Having Trehazolamines at the Anomeric Center |
| Trehazolines with Trehazolamines on Positions Other than the Anomeric Center |
| Synthesis of 1-Thiatrehazolin |
| Deoxynojirimycin Analogues |
| Acknowledgments |
| Polysaccharides of the Red Algae / Anatolii I. Usov |
| Storage Carbohydrates: Floridean Starch |
| Neutral Structural Polysaccharides: Cellulose, Mannans, and Xylanp119 |
| Sulfated Galactans |
| General Information and Nomenclature |
| Isolation of Galactans |
| Chemical Methods of Structural Analysis |
| Physicochemical Methods of Structural Analysis |
| Enzymatic and Immunological Methods |
| Polysaccharides of the Agar Group |
| Polysaccharides of the Carrageenan Group |
| DL-Hybrids |
| Biological Activity of Sulfated Galactans |
| Sulfated Mannans |
| Glycuronans |
| Heteropolysaccharides of Unicellular and Freshwater Red Algae. Miscellaneous Polysaccharides |
| Algal Systematics and Polysaccharide Composition / VIII： |
| Background |
| Proteomics and Glycomics: Glycan Expression is Not Template-Driven |
| Unmet Needs In Glycobiology and Glycotechnology |
| Emerging Glycomics Technologies |
| Progress In Mass Spectrometry|o234 |
| The Rate-Determining Stage in Glycomics and Glycoproteomics |
| Toward Automated Glycan Analysis |
| Roy Lester Whistler 1912-2010 / James N. BeMiller |
| Per Johan Garegg 1933-2008 / Stefan Oscarson |
| Structure and Engineering of Celluloses / Serge Pérez ; Daniel Samain |
| Cellulose in Its Cell-Wall Environment |
| Conformations and Crystalline Structures of Cellulose |
| Chemical Structure of the Cellulose Macromolecule |
| Crystallinity and Polymorphism of Cellulose |
| Crystalline Structures of Native Celluloses |
| Cellulose II |
| Cellulose III |
| Cellulose IV |
| Alkali Cellulose and Other Solvent Complexes |
| Cellulose Acetate and Cellulose Derivatives |
| Morphologies of Celluloses |
| Polarity of Cellulose Crystals |
| Crystalline Morphology of Native Celluloses |
| Whiskers and Cellulose Microfibrils |
| Surface Features of Cellulose |
| Microfibril Organization |
| Chemistry and Topochemistry of Cellulose |
| Conditions for the Reactions of Cellulose |
| Main Reactions Sites in Cellulose |
| Etherification Reactions of Cellulose |
| Acylation Reactions of Cellulose |
| Deoxygenation of Cellulose |
| Topochemistry of Cellulose |
| Enzymatic Alterations and Modifications of Cellulose Fibers |
| Tomorrow's Goal: An Economy Based on Cellulose |
| Cellulose-Synthetic Polymer Composites |
| Protective Films |
| Cellulose-Cellulose Composites |
| Conclusions |
| Chemical Structure Analysis of Starch and Cellulose Derivatives / Petra Mischnick ; Dane Momcilovic |
| History |
| Polysaccharide Derivatives as Functional Polymers of Renewable Resources |
| Chemical Modification of (1?4)-Glucans |
| Cellulose |
| Starch |
| Kinetically Controlled Reactions |
| Thermodynamically Controlled Reactions |
| Structural Complexity of Glucan Derivatives |
| Structure Analysis of (1?4)-Glucan Derivatives |
| Average Degree of Substitution |
| Monomer Composition: Substituent Distribution in the Glucose Residue |
| Distribution of Monomer Residues along the Polymer Chain |
| Heterogeneities in the Bulk Material |
| Summary and Perspectives for the Future |
| Glyconanoparticles: Polyvalent Tools to Study Carbohydrate-based Interactions / Marco Marradi ; Manuel MartÃn-Lomas ; Soledad Penadés |
| Glyconanoparticles and Glyconanotechnology |
| Glyconanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Types |
| Noble-Metal Glyconanoparticles |
| Magnetic GNPs |
| Glyco Quantum Dots |
| Applications of GNPs |
| GNPs in Carbohydrate-Carbohydrate Interaction Studies |
| GNPs in Carbohydrate-Protein Interactions |
| Other Interaction Studies |
| Glyconanoparticles as Antiadhesion Agents |
| GNPs in Cellular and Molecular Imaging |
| Other Applications of GNPs |
| Future and Perspectives |
| 1-Amino-1-deoxy-D-fructose ("Fructosamine") and its Derivatives / Valeri V. Mossine ; Thomas P. Mawhinney |
| Historical Perspective |
| Nomenclature |
| Methods of Formation |
| Non-Enzymatic |
| Enzymatic |
| Structure and Reactivity |
| Tautomers in the Solid State and Solutions |
| Analytical Methods |
| Acid/Base- and Metal-Promoted Reactions |
| Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions |
| Fructosamines as Intermediates and Scaffolds |
| The Maillard Reaction in Foods and in vivo |
| Neoglycoconjugates |
| Synthons |
| Biological Functions and Therapeutic Potential |
| Endogenous Fructosamines in Plants and Animals |
| Fructosamines as Potential Pharma- and Nutra-ceuticals |
| Concluding Remarks |
| Sialidases in Vertebrates: A Family of Enzymes Tailored for Several Cell Functions / Eugenio Monti ; Erik Bonten ; Alessandra D' Azzo ; Roberto Bresciani ; Bruno Venerando ; Giuseppe Borsani ; Roland Schauer ; Guido Tettamanti |
| The Lysosomal Sialidase NEU1 |
| Lysosomal Routing and Formation of the Multienzyme Complex |
| Human NEU1 Deficiency |
| New Functions of NEU1 in Tissue Remodeling and Homeostasis |
| Mouse Model of NEU1 Deficiency and Study of Disease Pathogenesis |
| The Cytosolic Sialidase NEU2 |
| General Properties of NEU2 |
| Crystal Structure of Human Sialidase NEU2 |
| Functional Implication of NEU2 |
| The Plasma Membrane-Associated Sialidase NEU3 |
| General Properties of NEU3 |
| Functional Implication of NEU3 |
| The Particulate Sialidase NEU4 |
| General Properties of NEU4 |
| Functional Implication of NEU4 |
| Sialidases and Cancer |
| Sialidases and Immunity |
| Further Evidence for Possible Functional Implications of Sialidases |
| in silico Analysis of Sialidase Gene Expression Patterns / IX： |
| Amino Acid Sequence Variants in Human Sialidases / X： |
| Sialidases in Teleosts / XI： |
| Trans-Sialidases: What Distinguishes Them from Sialidases? / XII： |
| Final Remarks / XIII： |
| Gerald Aspinall, 1924-2005 / Robin Ferrier ; Mario A. Monteiro |
| Vittorio Crescenzi, 1932-2007 / Roberto Rizzo |
| Developments in the Karplus Equation as they Relate to the NMR Coupling Constants of Carbohydrates |
| The Impact of Improved NMR Instrumentation |
| The Impact of Molecular Modeling |
| Vicinal Coupling Constants |
| Proton-Proton Couplings |
| Proton-Carbon Couplings |
| Proton-Nitrogen Couplings |
| Phosphorus Couplings |
| Carbon-Carbon Couplings |
| Other Types of Vicinal Couplings |
| Fluorine Couplings |
| Carbon-Tin Couplings |
| Couplings Over Four Bonds |
| Couplings Over Five Bonds |
| Online Calculators for Coupling Constants and Torsions |
| Summary |
| Computational Studies of the Role of Glycopyranosyl Oxacarbenium Ions in Glycobiology and Glycochemistry / Dennis M. Whitfield |
| Importance of Glycopyranosyl Oxacarbenium Ions |
| Galactopyranosyl Oxacarbenium Ion as an Illustrative Model |
| Isolated Cations-Ring and C-5-C-6 Side-Chain Conformations |
| Facially Selective Methanol-Oxacarbenium Ion Complexes |
| The Orientations and Conformations of Side Chains at C-2, C-3, C-4, and C-5 |
| The Role of C-2-O-2 Rotations, Including Neighboring-Group Participation |
| The Role of Proton Transfer in the Transition State for Glycosylation Reactions |
| Differences in Ionization Between ?- and ?-Donors |
| Conclusions and Future Directions |
| Summary of Glycosylation Reaction Mechanisms |
| Further Calculations Based on Existing Methodology |
| Future Calculations Requiring Methodology Development |
| Experimental Studies of Glycosylation |
| Oligosaccharide Synthesis: From Conventional Methods to Modern Expeditious Strategies / James T. Smoot ; Alexei V. Demchenko |
| Chemical Glycosylation and Conventional Oligosaccharide Synthesis |
| Principles of Chemical Glycosylation |
| Traditional Linear Oligosaccharide Synthesis |
| Convergent Block Synthesis |
| Selective (Leaving-Group Based) Strategies |
| Selective Activation |
| Two-Step Activation and the In situ Preactivation |
| Active-Latent Strategy |
| Orthogonal and Semi-orthogonal Strategies |
| Deactivation by Steric Hindrance |
| Temporary Deactivation Concept |
| Chemoselective (Protecting-Group Based) Strategies |
| Arming and Disarming with Neighboring Substituents |
| Reactivity-Based Programmable Strategy |
| Disarming by the Remote Substituents |
| Disarming by Torsional Effects |
| Super-Armed Glycosyl Donors |
| Regioselectivity-Based Strategies |
| Hydroxyl Reactivity |
| Triphenylmethyl Reactivity |
| Bidirectional Approaches |
| Novel Technologies for the Rapid and High-Throughput Oligosaccharide Synthesis |
| One-Pot Strategies |
| Polymer-Supported, Solid-Phase, and Automated Synthesis |
| Fluorous Tag-Supported and Microreactor Synthesis |
| Enzymatic Approach |
| Oligosaccharide Synthesis with Glycosyltransferases |
| Oligosaccharide Synthesis with Glycosidases (Hydrolases) |
| Outlook |
| Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Mannans and Rhamnans / Feng Cai ; Baolin Wu ; David Crich |
| The ?-Mannans and ?-Rhamnans |
| ?-Mannan Synthesis in the Absence of Neighboring-Group Participation |
| Neighboring Group-Directed ?-Mannan Synthesis |
| Synthesis of ?-Rhamnans |
| ?-Mannan Synthesis by Indirect Methods |
| ?-Rhamnan Synthesis by Indirect Methods |
| ?-Mannan Synthesis by Direct Methods |
| ?-Rhamnan Synthesis by Direct Methods |
| Glycobiology of Trypanosoma cruzi / Rosa M. de Lederkremer ; Rosalia Agusti |
| Life Cycle of the Parasite |
| Specific Cell-Surface Glycoconjugates |
| Glycoinositolphospholipids, Free and as Anchors of Proteins |
| Trypanosoma cruzi Mucins |
| T. cruzi Trans-sialidase (TcTS) |
| Other Glycoproteins |
| Combining Computational Chemistry and Crystallography for a Better Understanding of the Structure of Cellulose / Nathan Sharon 1925-2011 ; David Mirelman ; Edward A. Bayer ; Yair Reisner ; Alfred D. French |
| Information from Crystals of Related Small Molecules |
| Shape of the D-Glucopyranose Ring |
| Linkage Geometry |
| Conversion to Polymer-Shape Notation |
| Orientation of O-6 |
| Crystal Packing and Intermolecular Interactions |
| Summary of Section on Extrapolation |
| Energy Calculations |
| Results on Individual Isolated Molecules with Empirical Methods |
| Results with Quantum Methods |
| Assessment of φψ Mapping |
| Hydroxyl-Group Orientations |
| Detection of New Stabilizing Interactions in Cellulose with Atoms-in-Molecules Theory |
| Modeling Crystals of Cellulose |
| Molecular Structure Drawings for Saccharide Analogues Having β-(l→4) Linkages / Appendix： |
| Strategies in Synthesis of Heparin/Heparan Sulfate Oligosaccharides: 2000-Present / Steven B. Dulaney ; Xuefei Huang |
| Challenges in Synthesis of Oligosaccharides of Heparin and HS |
| Linear Synthesis |
| Solution Phase |
| Polymer-Supported Synthesis |
| Active-Latent Glycosylation Strategy |
| Reactivity-Based Chemoselective Glycosylation |
| Reactivity-Independent, Pre-Activation-Based, Chemoselective Glycosylation |
| Chemoenzymatic Synthesis |
| Future Outlook |
| Chemical Synthesis of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchors / Benjamin M. Swarts ; Zhongwu Guo |
| Classic Approaches to GPI Synthesis |
| Synthesis of a Trypanosoma brucei GPI Anchor by the Ogawa Group (1991) |
| Synthesis of a Yeast GPI Anchor by the Schmidt Group (1994) |
| Synthesis of a Rat Brain Thy-1 GPI Anchor by the Fraser-Reid Group (1995) |
| Synthesis of a T. brucei GPI Anchor by the Ley Group (1998) |
| Synthesis of a Rat Brain Thy-1 GPI Anchor by- the Schmidt Group (1999, 2003) |
| Synthesis of a Human Sperm CD52 Antigen GPI Anchor Containing an Acylated Inositol by the Guo Group (2003) |
| Synthesis of a Plasmodium falciparum GPI Anchor Containing an Acylated Inositol by the Fraser-Reid Group (2004) |
| Synthesis of a P. falciparum GPI Anchor Containing an Acylated Inositol by the Seeberger Group (2005) |
| Synthesis of a T. cruzi GPI Anchor by the Vishwakarma Group (2005) |
| Synthesis of a Fully Phosphorylated and Lipidated Human Sperm CD52 Antigen GPI Anchor by the Guo group (2007) |
| Diversity-Oriented Approaches to GPI Synthesis |
| Synthesis of T. cruzi GPI Anchors Containing Unsaturated Lipids by the Nikolaev Group (2006) |
| Synthesis of a GPI Anchor Containing Unsaturated Lipid Chains by the Guo Group (2010) |
| Synthesis of a Human Lymphocyte CD52 Antigen GPI Anchor Containing a Polyunsaturated Arachidonoyl Lipid by the Guo Group (2011) |
| Synthesis of "Clickable" GPI Anchors by the Guo Group (2011) |
| General Synthetic Strategy for Branched GPI Anchors by the Seeberger Group (2011) |
| Conclusions and Outlook |
| Effect of Protein Dynamics and Solvent in Ligand Recognition by Promiscuous Aminoglycoside-Modifying Enzymes / Engin H. Serpersu ; Adrianne L. Norris |
| Aminoglycoside Antibiotics |
| Aminoglycoside-Modifying Enzymes |
| Thermodynamic Properties of Enzyme-AG Complexes |
| Enthalpy, Entropy, and Gibbs Energy Changes for AG Binding |
| Proton Linkage |
| Heat-Capacity Changes |
| Solvent Effects |
| Protein Dynamics in Substrate Recognition and Substrate Promiscuity of AGMEs |
| Conclusions and Future Considerations |
| Molecular Architecture and Therapeutic Potential of Lectin Mimics / Yu Nakagawa ; Yukishige Ito |
| Synthetic Lectin Mimics |
| Molecular Architecture of Boronic Acid-Dependent Lectin Mimics |
| Antiviral Potential of Boronic Acid-Dependent Lectin Mimics |
| Molecular Architecture of Boronic Acid-Independent Lectin Mimics |
| Antiviral and Antimicrobial Potential of Boronic Acid-Independent Lectin Mimics |
| Naturally Occurring Lectin Mimics |
| Antimicrobial and Carbohydrate-Binding Profiles of Pradimicins and Benanoimicins |
| Molecular Basis of Carbohydrate Recognition by PRMs |
| Antiviral Profile and Mode of Action of Pradimicins |
| Conclusion and Future Prospects |
| Enzymatic Conversions of Starch / Piotr Tomasik ; Derek Horton |
| Introduction and General Remarks |
| Historical Background |
| Former Reviews |
| Enzymes and Microorganisms for Conversion of Starch |
| Alpha Amylases (EC 3.2.1.1) |
| Beta Amylases (EC 3.2.1.2) |
| Glucoamylase (EC 3.2.1.3) |
| Other Amylases |
| α-Glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) |
| Pullulanase (EC 3.2.1.41) |
| Neopullulanase (EC 3.2.1.135) |
| Isoamylase (EC3.2.1.68) |
| Other Hydrolases |
| Enzymatic Cocktails |
| Glycosyltransferases (EC 2.4.1) |
| Microorganisms |
| Hydrolysis Pathways and Mechanisms |
| Role of Adsorption |
| Mechanism of Inhibition |
| Mathematical Models of Enzymatic Hydrolysis |
| Effect of Light, Microwaves, and External Electric Field |
| Kinetics |
| Amylolytic Starch Conversions |
| Pulping |
| Malting |
| Mashing |
| Liquefaction |
| Saccharification |
| Effect of the Botanical Origin of Starch |
| Role of Starch Pretreatment |
| Role of Temperature |
| Role of the Substrate Concentration |
| Role of Water |
| Role of Elevated Pressure |
| Role of pH |
| Role of Admixed Inorganic Salts / 14： |
| Role of Inhibitors / 15： |
| Stimulators of Hydrolysis / 16： |
| Engineering Problems / 17： |
| Applications of the Enzymatic Processes / 18： |
| Starch as a Feedstock for Fermentations |
| General Remarks on Fermentation |
| Alcohol and Alcohol-Acetone Fermentations |
| Carboxylic Acid Fermentations |
| Nonamylolytic Starch Conversions |
| Esterification and Hydrolysis |
| Methanogenic and Biosulfidogenic Conversions |
| Isomerization |
| Hydrogen Production |
| Trehalose |
| Bacterial Polyester Formation |
| Branching of Starch |
| Polymerization |
| Cyclodextrins |
| Starch Metabolism in Human and Animal Organisms |
| Digestible Starch |
| Resistant Starch |
| Starch Analytics Involving Enzymes |
| Starch Evaluation and Analysis |
| Enzyme Evaluation |
図書
