| Preface |
| List of Illustrations and Figures |
| The Problem of Perception / 1： |
| Expanding Horizons |
| Culture and Nature |
| Science and Christian Tradition |
| The Nature of Science |
| The Scientific Method |
| Science as a Social Activity |
| Science and Ideology |
| The Ancient and Medieval Worlds / 2： |
| Greece and Rome |
| Rival Cosmologies |
| Plato and Aristotle |
| Late Antiquity |
| The Medieval Period |
| Bestiaries and Herbals |
| The Revival of Scholarship |
| Renaissance and Revolution / 3： |
| Humanism and the Natural World |
| Secret Powers |
| The Riches of Nature |
| Animal, Vegetable and Mineral |
| The Great Instauration |
| Natural History and Revolution |
| The Mechanical Philosophy |
| Theories of the Earth / 4： |
| Science in an Age of Reason |
| Classification and Explanation |
| The Earth Described |
| The Origin of the Earth |
| The Meaning of Fossils |
| New Cosmogonies |
| Fire and Water |
| Neptunism |
| Plutonism |
| Nature and the Enlightenment / 5： |
| The Diversity of Life |
| The Classical Era |
| The Social Environment |
| The Argument from Design |
| The System of Nature |
| The Chain of Being |
| System and Method |
| Linnaeus |
| The Economy of Nature |
| Rural Harmony |
| Maintaining the Balance |
| The Geography of Life |
| The Possibilities of Change |
| Filling in the Gaps |
| Buffon |
| Materialism and the Origin of Life |
| Natural Progress |
| The Heroic Age / 6： |
| The Organization of Science |
| Europe Surveys the Earth |
| America Catches Up |
| A New Geography |
| Humboldt and the Cosmos |
| Humboldtian Science |
| The Geological Record |
| Fossils and Stratigraphy |
| The Ancient Rocks |
| Climate and Time |
| The Cooling Earth |
| Ice Ages |
| Mountains and Continents |
| The Shrinking Earth |
| Floating Continents |
| The Rate of Change |
| Catastrophist Geology |
| The Uniformity of Nature |
| The Age of the Earth |
| The Philosophical Naturalists / 7： |
| Knowledge and Power |
| Professionals and Amateurs |
| Science and Politics |
| The Pattern of Nature |
| Chains, Trees and Circles |
| Form and Function |
| The Geography of Plants |
| Botanical Provinces |
| Historical Biogeography |
| The History of Life |
| The Extinction of Species |
| Progressive Development |
| The Process of Change |
| Transmutation before Darwin |
| The Origins of Darwin's Theory |
| Natural Selection |
| The Age of Evolution / 8： |
| Exploit or Conserve? |
| Science and Empire |
| The Professionalization of Biology |
| Early Conservationism |
| The Darwinian Revolution |
| Interpretations of Darwinism |
| The Darwinians |
| Anti-Darwinism |
| The Tree of Life |
| Evolutionary Morphology |
| Fossils and Ancestors |
| Human Origins |
| Evolution and the Environment |
| Paths of Migration |
| Evolution and Adaptation |
| The Origins of Ecology |
| The New Biology |
| Plant Ecology |
| The Earth Sciences / 9： |
| Science in the Modern World |
| Expansion and Fragmentation |
| The Age of Big Science |
| The End of Exploration |
| A Global Physics |
| Weather Patterns |
| Ice Ages Again |
| Drifting Continents |
| Geology in Crisis |
| Wegener's Initiative |
| The Reaction to Wegener |
| Plate Tectonics |
| Paleomagnetism |
| Sea-Floor Spreading |
| Past and Present |
| Darwinism Triumphant / 10： |
| Images of Power |
| Nature and Culture |
| The Evolutionary Synthesis |
| Parallel Evolution |
| The Defence of Lamarckism |
| Population Genetics |
| The New Darwinism |
| The Implications of Darwinism |
| Animal Behaviour |
| Mind and Brain |
| Evolution and Ethology |
| Primate Studies |
| Sociobiology |
| Ecology and Environmentalism / 11： |
| Changing Values |
| Subduing the Wild |
| The Rise of Environmentalism |
| Ecology Comes of Age |
| Animal Ecology |
| Marine Ecology |
| Modern Ecology |
| Populations and Systems |
| Ecology and the Environmental Crisis |
| Notes |
| Bibliographical Essay |
| Index |
| Preface |
| List of Illustrations and Figures |
| The Problem of Perception / 1： |
図書
