Introduction: How to write history of biology / 1: |
Subjectivity and bias |
Why study the history of biology? |
The place of biology in the sciences and its conceptual structure / 2: |
The nature of science |
Method in science |
The position of biology within the sciences |
How and why is biology different? |
Special characteristics of living organisms |
Reduction and biology |
Emergence |
The conceptual structure of biology |
A new philosophy of biology |
The changing intellectual milieu of biology / 3: |
Antiquity |
The Christian world picture |
The Renaissance |
The discovery of diversity |
Biology in the Enlightenment |
The rise of science from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century |
Divisive developments in the nineteenth century |
Biology in the twentieth century |
Major periods in the history of biology |
Biology and philosophy |
Biology today |
Diversity of Life / Part I: |
Macrotaxonomy, the science of classifying / 4: |
Aristotle |
The classification of plants by the ancients and the herbalists |
Downward classification by logical division |
Pre-Linnaean zoologists |
Carl Linnaeus |
Buffon |
A new start in animal classification |
Taxonomic characters |
Upward classification by empirical grouping |
Transition period (1758-1859) |
Hierarchical classifications |
Grouping according to common ancestry / 5: |
The decline of macrotaxonomic research |
Numerical phenetics |
Cladistics |
The traditional or evolutionary methodology |
New taxonomic characters |
Facilitation of information retrieval |
The study of diversity |
Microtaxonomy, the science of species / 6: |
Early species concepts |
The essentialist species concept |
The nominalistic species concept |
Darwin's species concept |
The rise of the biological species concept |
Applying the biological species concept to multidimensional species taxa |
The significance of species in biology |
Evolution / Part II: |
Origins without evolution / 7: |
The coming of evolutionism |
The French Enlightenment |
Evolution before Darwin / 8: |
Lamarck |
Cuvier |
England |
Lyell and uniformitarianism |
Germany |
Charles Darwin / 9: |
Darwin and evolution |
Alfred Russel Wallace |
The publication of the Origin |
Darwin's evidence for evolution and common descent / 10: |
Common descent and the natural system |
Common descent and geographical distribution |
Morphology as evidence for evolution and common descent |
Embryology as evidence for evolution and common descent |
The causation of evolution: natural selection / 11: |
The major components of the theory of natural selection |
The origin of the concept of natural selection |
The impact of the Darwinian revolution |
The resistance to natural selection |
Alternate evolutionary theories |
Diversity and synthesis of evolutionary thought / 12: |
The growing split among the evolutionists |
Advances in evolutionary genetics |
Advances in evolutionary systematics |
The evolutionary synthesis |
Post-synthesis developments / 13: |
Molecular biology |
Natural selection |
Unresolved issues in natural selection |
Modes of speciation |
Macroevolution |
The evolution of man |
Evolution in modern thought |
Variation and Its Inheritance / Part III: |
Early theories and breeding experiments / 14: |
Theories of inheritance among the ancients |
Mendel's forerunners |
Germ cells, vehicles of heredity / 15: |
The Schwann-Schleiden cell theory |
The meaning of sex and fertilization |
Chromosomes and their role |
The nature of inheritance / 16: |
Darwin and variation |
August Weismann |
Hugo de Vries |
Gregor Mendel |
The flowering of Mendelian genetics / 17: |
The rediscoverers of Mendel |
The classical period of Mendelian genetics |
The origin of new variation (mutation) |
The emergence of modern genetics |
The Sutton-Boveri chromosome theory |
Sex determination |
Morgan and the fly room |
Meiosis |
Morgan and the chromosome theory |
Theories of the gene / 18: |
Competing theories of inheritance |
The Mendelian explanation of continuous variation |
The chemical basis of inheritance / 19: |
The discovery of the double helix |
Genetics in modern thought |
Epilogue: Toward a science of science / 20: |
Scientists and the scientific milieu |
The maturation of theories and concepts |
Impediments to the maturation of theories and concepts |
The sciences and the external milieu |
Progress in science |
Notes |
References |
Glossary |
Index |
Subjectivity and bias Why study the history of biology? |
The nature of science Method in science |
Reduction and biology Emergence |
The changing intellectual milieu of biology Antiquity |
The discovery of diversity Biology in the Enlightenment |
Biology and philosophy Biology today |
Diversity Of Life |
Macrotaxonomy, the science of classifying Aristotle |
Pre-Linnaean zoologists Carl Linnaeus Buffon |
The decline of macrotaxonomic research Numerical phenetics Cladistics |
The nominalistic species concept Darwin's species concept |
Evolution before Darwin Lamarck Cuvier England |
Lyell and uniformitarianism Germany |
Charles Darwin Darwin and evolution |
The resistance to natural selection Alternate evolutionary theories |
Molecular biology Natural selection |
Modes of speciation Macroevolution |
The evolution of man Evolution in modern thought |
Variation and its Inheritance |
Theories of inheritance among the ancients Mendel's forerunners |
Introduction: How to write history of biology / 1: |
Subjectivity and bias |
Why study the history of biology? |