| Preface |
| 1 Glass properties 1 |
| Introduction 1 |
| 1.1 Features of glass as an industrial material 1 |
| 1.1.1 Structural features 1 |
| 1.1.2 Thermodynamic features 5 |
| 1.1.3 Optical features 9 |
| 1.2 Classification of glasses by preparation method 15 |
| 1.2.1 Glass by melt-quenching technique 15 |
| 1.2.2 Glass by chemical vapor deposition 18 |
| 1.2.3 Glass by sol-gel process 22 |
| 1.3 Important glass systems 27 |
| 1.3.1 Oxide glasses 27 |
| 1.3.2 Halide and oxy-halide glasses 32 |
| 1.3.3 Chalcogenide glasses 37 |
| 1.4 Secondary treatment of a glass for the development of a special function 38 |
| 1.4.1 Thermal treatment 38 |
| 1.4.2 Ion exchange 50 |
| References 52 |
| 2 Gradient index glass 58 |
| Introduction 58 |
| 2.1 Applications 59 |
| 2.2 Design of radial gradient index profiles 61 |
| 2.3 Parameters for fabrication of index gradient 62 |
| 2.3.1 Gradient index profile 62 |
| 2.3.2 Maximum index difference 64 |
| 2.3.3 Chromatic property 64 |
| 2.3.4 Stress 66 |
| 2.4 Materials and fabrication techniques 67 |
| 2.4.1 Ion exchange 67 |
| 2.4.2 Molecular stuffing technique 70 |
| 2.4.3 Sol-gel technique 71 |
| 2.4.4 Comparison between various fabrication techniques 78 |
| 2.5 Spherical gradient index lens 78 |
| References 79 |
| 3 Laser glass 82 |
| Introduction 82 |
| 3.1 Fundamentals of laser physics 82 |
| 3.1.1 Stimulated emission 82 |
| 3.1.2 Cross section 85 |
| 3.1.3 Creation of a population inversion 85 |
| 3.1.4 Laser oscillation by resonant cavity 88 |
| 3.1.5 Active ions for laser glasses 89 |
| 3.1.6 Laser parameters and their host dependence 91 |
| 3.1.7 Nonradiative relaxation 93 |
| 3.2 Bulk laser glasses 96 |
| 3.2.1 Compositional dependence of laser parameters of Nd3+ -doped glasses 96 |
| 3.2.2 Nonradiative relaxation of rare-earth ions in glasses 101 |
| 3.2.3 Properties of practical laser glasses 103 |
| 3.3 Fiber lasers and amplifiers 106 |
| 3.3.1 General description of fiber laser 106 |
| 3.3.2 Fiber amplifiers 109 |
| 3.3.3 Fiber laser oscillators 123 |
| 3.3.4 Recent progress 132 |
| 3.4 Waveguide lasers and amplifiers 133 |
| 3.4.1 Fabrication of channel waveguide structure 133 |
| 3.4.2 Lasing characteristics 134 |
| 3.4.3 Amplification characteristics 140 |
| 3.4.4 Devices based on the glass waveguide lasers 142 |
| References 145 |
| 4 Nonlinear optical glass 159 |
| Introduction 159 |
| 4.1 Fundamentals of nonlinear optics and applications 160 |
| 4.1.1 General description of nonlinear polarization 160 |
| 4.1.2 Optical nonlinearity of the medium 161 |
| 4.1.3 Measurement on nonlinear optical properties 163 |
| 4.1.4 Applications of optical nonlinear materials 166 |
| 4.2 Nonresonant nonlinear glasses 168 |
| 4.2.1 Nonlinearity of dielectric materials 169 |
| 4.2.2 BGO model for nonresonant optical nonlinearities 171 |
| 4.2.3 Lines' model for nonresonant optical nonlinearities 171 |
| 4.2.4 Nuclear contributions 172 |
| 4.2.5 Nonlinear optical properties of nonresonant nonlinear glasses 173 |
| 4.3 Semiconductor-doped glasses 182 |
| 4.3.1 Fundamentals of semiconductors 182 |
| 4.3.2 Linear optical properties of semiconductor-doped glasses 187 |
| 4.3.3 Nonlinear optical susceptibilities of the strong confinement case 189 |
| 4.3.4 Nonlinear response time in the strong confinement case 194 |
| 4.3.5 Photodarkening effect 198 |
| 4.3.6 Nonlinear optical properties in the weak confinement case 203 |
| 4.3.7 Fabrication techniques 209 |
| 4.3.8 Applications of semiconductor-doped glasses 211 |
| 4.4 Metal-doped glasses 212 |
| 4.4.1 Fundamentals of optical properties of metal 212 |
| 4.4.2 Optical nonlinear mechanisms of metal-doped composite materials 216 |
| 4.4.3 Nonlinear optical properties of metal-doped glasses 218 |
| 4.4.4 Fabrication techniques 228 |
| 4.5 Comparisons of optical nonlinearities of various nonlinear glass materials 228 |
| References 232 |
| 5 Magneto-optical glass 242 |
| Introduction 242 |
| 5.1 Magnetic properties of materials 243 |
| 5.1.1 Origin of magnetics of materials 243 |
| 5.1.2 Macroscopic description of the magnetic properties of materials 244 |
| 5.2 Fundamentals of the Faraday effect 246 |
| 5.2.1 Origin of Faraday rotation 246 |
| 5.2.2 Verdet constant 248 |
| 5.3 Faraday effect in glasses 249 |
| 5.3.1 Diamagnetic glasses 249 |
| 5.3.2 Paramagnetic glasses 250 |
| 5.3.3 Applications 261 |
| References 263 |
| Index 267 |
図書
