| Preface |
| An introduction to protein structure and function / 1： |
| An Introduction to protein structure and function |
| Amino acids: the building blocks of proteins / 2： |
| A brief and very selective historical perspective |
| The three-dimensional structure of proteins / 3： |
| The biological diversity of proteins |
| The structure and function of fibrous proteins / 4： |
| Proteins and the sequencing of the human and other genomes |
| The structure and function of membrane proteins / 5： |
| Why study proteins? |
| The diversity of proteins / 6： |
| Enzyme kinetics, structure, function and catalysis / 7： |
| The 20 amino acids found in proteins / 8： |
| Protein synthesis, processing and turnover |
| The acid-base properties of amino acids / 9： |
| Protein expression, purification and characterization |
| Stereochemical representations of amino acids / 10： |
| Physical methods of determining the three-dimensional structure of proteins |
| Peptide bonds / 11： |
| Protein folding in vivo and in vitro |
| The chemical and physical properties of amino acids / 12： |
| Protein structure and a molecular approach to medicine |
| Epilogue |
| Detection, identification and quantification of amino acids and proteins |
| Glossary |
| Appendices |
| Stereoisomerism |
| Bibliography |
| References |
| Non-standard amino acids |
| Index |
| Summary |
| Problems |
| Primary structure or sequence |
| Secondary structure |
| Tertiary structure |
| Quaternary structure |
| The globin family and the role of quaternary structure in modulating activity |
| Immunoglobulins |
| Cyclic proteins |
| The amino acid composition and organization of fibrous proteins |
| Keratins |
| Fibroin |
| Collagen |
| The molecular organization of membranes |
| Membrane protein topology and function seen through organization of the erythrocyte membrane |
| Bacteriorhodopsin and the discovery of seven transmembrane helices |
| The structure of the bacterial reaction centre |
| Oxygenic photosynthesis |
| Photosystem I |
| Membrane proteins based on transmembrane [beta] barrels |
| Respiratory complexes |
| Complex III, the ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase |
| Complex IV or cytochrome oxidase |
| The structure of ATP synthetase |
| ATPase family |
| Prebiotic synthesis and the origins of proteins |
| Evolutionary divergence of organisms and its relationship to protein structure and function |
| Protein sequence analysis |
| Protein databases |
| Gene fusion and duplication |
| Secondary structure prediction |
| Genomics and proteomics |
| Enzyme kinetics, structure, function, and catalysis |
| Enzyme nomenclature |
| Enzyme co-factors |
| Chemical kinetics |
| The transition state and the action of enzymes |
| The kinetics of enzyme action |
| Catalytic mechanisms |
| Enzyme structure |
| Lysozyme |
| The serine protease |
| Triose phosphate isomerase |
| Tyrosyl tRNA synthetase |
| EcoRI restriction endonuclease |
| Enzyme inhibition and regulation |
| Irreversible inhibition of enzyme activity |
| Allosteric regulation |
| Covalent modification |
| Isoenzymes or isozymes |
| Cell cycle |
| The structure of Cdk and its role in the cell cycle |
| Cdk-cyclin complex regulation |
| DNA replication |
| Transcription |
| Eukaryotic transcription factors: variation on a 'basic' theme |
| The spliceosome and its role in transcription |
| Translation |
| Transfer RNA (tRNA) |
| The composition of prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes |
| A structural basis for protein synthesis |
| An outline of protein synthesis |
| Antibiotics provide insight into protein synthesis |
| Affinity labelling and RNA 'footprinting' |
| Structural studies of the ribosome |
| Post-translational modification of proteins |
| Protein sorting or targeting |
| The nuclear pore assembly |
| Protein turnover |
| Apoptosis |
| The isolation and characterization of proteins |
| Recombinant DNA technology and protein expression |
| Purification of proteins |
| Centrifugation |
| Solubility and 'salting out' and 'salting in' |
| Chromatography |
| Dialysis and ultrafiltration |
| Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis |
| Mass spectrometry |
| How to purify a protein? |
| Introduction |
| The use of electromagnetic radiation |
| X-ray crystallography |
| Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy |
| Cryoelectron microscopy |
| Neutron diffraction |
| Optical spectroscopic techniques |
| Vibrational spectroscopy |
| Raman spectroscopy |
| ESR and ENDOR |
| Factors determining the protein fold |
| Factors governing protein stability |
| Folding problem and Levinthal's paradox |
| Models of protein folding |
| Amide exchange and measurement of protein folding |
| Kinetic barriers to refolding |
| In vivo protein folding |
| Membrane protein folding |
| Protein misfolding and the disease state |
| Sickle cell anaemia |
| Viruses and their impact on health as seen through structure and function |
| HIV and AIDS |
| The influenza virus |
| p53 and its role in cancer |
| Emphysema and [alpha subscript 1]-antitrypsin |
| Preface |
| An introduction to protein structure and function / 1： |
| An Introduction to protein structure and function |
| Amino acids: the building blocks of proteins / 2： |
| A brief and very selective historical perspective |
| The three-dimensional structure of proteins / 3： |
